Mikhail Gerasimov's reconstruction of Yaroslav's appearance, based on his examination of Yaroslav's skull

Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978-1054) (East Slavic: Ярослав; Christian name: Yuri, or George; Old Norse: Jarizleifr) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached a zenith of its cultural flowering and military power. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (557x768, 93 KB) Summary Ярослав Мудрый reconstruction made by Герасимов Михаил Михайлович (1907 — 1970) http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (557x768, 93 KB) Summary Ярослав Мудрый reconstruction made by Герасимов Михаил Михайлович (1907 — 1970) http://www. ... Tamerlane, as reconstructed by Gerasimov from his skull Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov (September 2, 1907 - July 21, 1970) was a renowned Soviet archaeologist and anthropologist who developed the most popular technique of forensic sculpture based on findings of modern anthropology, archaeology, paleontology, and forensic science. ... Events Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Italy, is founded by Willa, Margravine of Tuscany. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Old Norse is the Germanic language spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. ... Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: ) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia, situated on the M10(E95) federal highway connecting Moscow and St. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Kievan Rus′ was the early, mostly East Slavic [1] state dominated by the city of Kiev from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ...

His way to the throne

Early years of Yaroslav's life are enshrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce with Rogneda and his marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his relics. Detail of the Millenium of Russia monument in Novgorod (1862) representing St Vladimir and his family. ... Vladimir and Rogneda (1770). ... The Russian Primary Chronicle (Russian: Повесть временных лет, Povest vremennykh let, which is often translated in English as Tale of Bygone Years), is a history of the early East Slavic state, Kievan Rus, from... A human skeleton - (endoskeleton) In biology, the skeleton or skeletal system is the biological system providing physical support in living organisms. ... Until his baptism, Vladimir I of Kiev (c. ... Kingdom of Galicia Anna of Byzantium was a Byzantine noblewoman (+ after 1219), the Princess of Galicia ca 1200 - 1205, and the Grand Princess of Kiev 1203 - 1205. ... Excerpt NjÃ¥ls saga in the Möðruvallabók (AM 132 folio 13r) circia 1350. ...

In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov the Great but was transferred to Novgorod the Great, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, Yaroslav's) on the Volga. His relations with father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death prevented a war. Rostov (Russian: Росто́в; Old Norse: Rostofa) is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden ring. ... For other cities named Novgorod see Novgorod (disambiguation). ... Events The Ly Dynasty in Vietnam is established (or 1009). ... A public building in Yaroslavl Yaroslavl (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located 250 km north-east of Moscow at . ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... A medieval Russian icon of Boris and Gleb Boris and Gleb, Christian names Roman and David, were the first Russian saints. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock...

The Ukrainian hryvnia represents Yaroslav unbearded, as was the custom of Zaporozhian Cossacks

During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Boleslaus I of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris and Gleb, Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav. 2 grivnas with the image of Yaroslav the Wise. ... 2 grivnas with the image of Yaroslav the Wise. ... The hryvnia (Ukrainian гривня) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 1996 when it replaced the coupon (or karbovanets), the temporary currency used after Ukraine left the Soviet Union and the ruble zone. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Sviatopolk I Vladimirovich (c. ... Reign From 992 until 1025 Coronation On April 18, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms OrzeÅ‚ Piastowski Parents Mieszko I Dubrawka Consorts Rikdaga Judith Enmilda Oda Children with Judith Bezprym with Enmilda Regelina Mieszko II Lambert Otton with Oda Matylda Date of Birth 966/967... A medieval Russian icon of Boris and Gleb Boris and Gleb, Christian names Roman and David, were the first Russian saints. ... The Russian Primary Chronicle (Russian: Повесть временных лет, Povest vremennykh let, which is often translated in English as Tale of Bygone Years), is a history of the early East Slavic state, Kievan Rus, from... The runestone Sö279. ... The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Варяги) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. ...

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law Duke Boleslaus of Poland, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. In 1019, Yaroslav eventually prevailed over Svyatopolk and established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to regain the throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation for the Novgorod Republic was laid. The Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than other Kievan princes and named a veche square after him. It is thought that it was at that period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, the Yaroslav's Justice, better known as Russkaya Pravda. Events George Tsul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine- Rus force, which effectively ends Khazarias existence. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: ) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia, situated on the M10(E95) federal highway connecting Moscow and St. ... Events Toi invasion: Jurchen pirates invade Kyushu. ... Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (Новгородская феодальная республика or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika in Russian) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... Removal of the veche bell from Novgorod to Moscow in 1478. ... Countries inhabited by Slavs (dark green - East Slavs) Distribution of Slavic peoples by language The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. ... Copy of Short edition Russkaya Pravda or Ruska Pravda (Russian: ), Ukrainian: ) was the legal code of later Kievan Rus and the subsequent East Slavic principalities during the times of feudal division. ...

His reign

Russian images represent Yaroslav with a beard, as was the Muscovite custom

Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Thereupon Yaroslav and Mstislav divided Kievan Rus: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernigiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036. Download high resolution version (936x402, 82 KB)1000 roubles with views of Yaroslavl, including the monument to Yaroslav the Wise File links The following pages link to this file: Yaroslav I the Wise Categories: Currency images ... Download high resolution version (936x402, 82 KB)1000 roubles with views of Yaroslavl, including the monument to Yaroslav the Wise File links The following pages link to this file: Yaroslav I the Wise Categories: Currency images ... Mark Antokolski Nestor the Chronicler Nestor (c. ... Mstislav of Chernigov, or Mstislav the Bold (Russian: Мстислав Владимирович Храбрый), was the earliest attested ruler of Chernigov (Chernihiv). ... Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... This article is about the year. ... This article is about the river. ... Chernihiv (Ukrainian: ), often called by the Russian name Chernigov (Чернигов) is an ancient city in northern Ukraine, the capital of Chernihiv Oblast (province). ... Events Emperor Go-Suzaku ascends the throne of Japan. ...

In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030 he reconquered from the Poles Red Rus, and concluded an alliance with king Casimir I the Restorer, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he conquered the hypothetical Estonian fortress of Tarbatu, built his own fort in that place, which went by the name of Yuriev (after St George, or Yury, Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute. Events July 29 - Battle of Stiklestad in Norway. ... Red Ruthenia (Old Slavonic, Russian and Ukrainian: Chervona Rus, Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I. // History Originally it was related to a certain territory between... Casimir I on Jan Matejkos painting Casimir I, the Restorer (Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel) (1015-1058), duke of Poland, was the son of Mieszko II of Poland and Rixa von Lothringen. ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ... The Ugaunians (Estonian: ugalased) is one of the Finnic tribes that were called Chudes in Russian and that later formed the Estonian nation. ...

One of many statues of Yaroslav holding the Russkaya Pravda in his hand. See another image here.

In 1043 Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 1398 KB) Summary I took this picture of the statue of Yaroslav the Wise when I was in Bila Tserkva. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 1398 KB) Summary I took this picture of the statue of Yaroslav the Wise when I was in Bila Tserkva. ... Copy of Short edition Russkaya Pravda or Ruska Pravda (Russian: ), Ukrainian: ) was the legal code of later Kievan Rus and the subsequent East Slavic principalities during the times of feudal division. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (960x1280, 622 KB) Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... // Events Edward the Confessor crowned King of England at Winchester Cathedral. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Vladimir is buried in this cathedral he built in Novgorod. ... Vyshata was a Novgorodian general, whose father was posadnik Ostromir and whose son was another statesman, Yan Vyshatich. ... The final Rus-Byzantine War was, in essence, an unsuccessful naval raid against Constantinople instigated by Yaroslav I of Kiev and led by his eldest son, Vladimir of Novgorod, in 1043. ... Kievan court in the times of Vsevolod I Vsevolod I Yaroslavich (1030 - 13 April 1093) ruled as grand prince of Kiev from 1076 until his death. ... Tauric Chersonesos, Greek Χερσονασος (Chersones, Khersones, Korsun, Russian: Херсонес) was the Greek settlement founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimean (Taurian) Peninsula. ...

To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kanev, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished. Pechenegs or Patzinaks, also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. ... Bila Tserkva (Ukrainian Бiла Церква, literally White Church, Polish Biała Cerkiew, Russian Белая Церковь, Belaya Tserkov) is a city in Kyivska oblast of Ukraine. ... Bohuslav (Ukrainian: ) is a city located on the Ros River in Kiev Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Kaniv (Polish: Kaniów) is a town on the Dnipro River in Ukraine where the Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko is buried. ... Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi (or Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyy, Ukrainian: Корсунь-Шевченківський; Polish: KorsuÅ„ Szewczenkowski) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast of Ukraine. ... Pereyaslav is the former name of towns in Ukraine and Russia: Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi in Ukraine. ... Pechenegs or Patzinaks, also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. ... Present exterior is the result of 17th-century remodeling. ... // Events Construction of the church of Saint Sophia Cathedral is started in Kyiv. ... The extant reconstruction of the gates has been dismissed by art historians as a highly controversial revivalist fantasy. ...

Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature. Hilarion or Ilarion (Russian: , Ukrainian: ) was the first non-Greek Metropolitan of Kiev. ... In hierarchical Christian churches, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop (then more precisely called Metropolitan archbishop) of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of an old Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ...

Family life and posterity

Yaroslav and his wife Irene are buried in the 13-domed Saint Sophia Cathedral they built in Kiev.

In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction. In contrast with extravagant baroque outside, Saint Sophia, Kiev preserves much of its original Byzantine interior intact. ... In contrast with extravagant baroque outside, Saint Sophia, Kiev preserves much of its original Byzantine interior intact. ... Present exterior is the result of 17th-century remodeling. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Events Toi invasion: Jurchen pirates invade Kyushu. ... Ingegerd Olofsdotter, born 1001 in Sigtuna, Sweden, was the daughter of Swedish King Olof Skötkonung. ... Ladoga may refer to one of the following. ...

In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their 5 daughters and 5 sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had attained her hand by his military exploits in the Byzantine Empire); Anastasia to the future Andrew I of Hungary, and the youngest daughter Anne of Kiev married Henry I of France and was the regent of France during their son's minority. Another daughter may have been the Agatha who married Edward the Exile, heir to the throne of England and was the mother of Edgar Atheling and St. Margaret of Scotland. Present exterior is the result of 17th-century remodeling. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... Harald III Sigurdsson (1015 – September 25, 1066), later surnamed Harald HardrÃ¥de (Old Norse: Haraldr harðráði, roughly translated as Harald stern council or hard ruler) was the king of Norway from 1047[1] until 1066. ... What Up. ... Andrew I (born c. ... Princess Anne of Kiev or Anna Yaroslavna (b. ... Henry I (French: Henri Ier) (May 4, 1008–August 4, 1060) was King of France from 1031 to 1060. ... Agatha was the wife of Edward the Exile (heir to the throne of England) and mother of Edgar Ætheling, Saint Margaret of Scotland and Cristina of England. ... Edward the Exile (1016- February 1057), son of King Edmund Ironside and of Ealdgyth, gained the name of Exile from his life spent mostly far from the England of his forefathers. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Saint Margaret of Scotland (circa 1045 - 1093), Edgar Athelings sister, married King Malcolm Canmore. ...

Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the Wise

Yaroslav had one son from the first marriage (his Christian name being Ilya), and 6 sons from the second marriage. Apprehending the danger that could ensue from divisions between brothers, he exhorted them to live in peace with each other. The eldest of these, Vladimir of Novgorod, best remembered for building the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, predeceased his father. Three other sons - Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod - reigned in Kiev one after another. The youngest children of Yaroslav were Igor of Volynia and Vyacheslav of Smolensk. Image File history File links Yaroslavtomb. ... Image File history File links Yaroslavtomb. ... Vladimir is buried in this cathedral he built in Novgorod. ... The Cathedral of St Sophia in Novgorod is the oldest preserved church in Russia. ... Iziaslav Yaroslavich (1024-1078), Kniaz (Prince) of Turaw, Velikii Kniaz (the Grand Prince) of Kiev (since 1054), the oldest son of Yaroslav I the Wise. ... Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (1027—1076) was the Prince of Chernigov from 1054 to 1073 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 1073 until his death. ... Kievan court in the times of Vsevolod I Vsevolod I Yaroslavich (1030 - 13 April 1093) ruled as grand prince of Kiev from 1076 until his death. ... Volhynia (Wołyń in Polish; Волинь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Volyň in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ... A view of Smolensk in 1912. ...

Sources

• Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36276-8.
• Nazarenko, A. V. (2001). Drevniaia Rus’ na mezhdunarodnykh putiakh: mezhdistsiplinarnye ocherki kul’turnykh, torgovykh, politicheskikh sviazei IX-XII vekov (in Russian). Moscow: Russian History Institute. ISBN 5-7859-0085-8.

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