Cyrillic letter Yat
Unicode (hex)
majuscule: U+0462
minuscule: U+0463
Cyrillic alphabet
А	Б	В	Г	Ґ	Д	Ѓ
Ђ	Е	Ѐ	Ё	Є	Ж	З
Ѕ	И	Ѝ	І	Ї	Й	Ј
К	Л	Љ	М	Н	Њ	О
П	Р	С	Т	Ћ	Ќ	У
Ў	Ф	Х	Ц	Ч	Џ	Ш
Щ	Ъ	Ы	Ь	Э	Ю	Я
Non-Slavic letters
Ӑ	Ӓ	Ә	Ӛ	Ӕ	Ғ	Ӷ
Ҕ	Ӗ	Ҽ	Ҿ	Ӂ	Җ	Ӝ
Ҙ	Ӟ	Ӡ	Ӥ	Ӣ	Ӏ	Ҋ
Қ	Ҟ	Ҡ	Ӄ	Ҝ	Ӆ	Ӎ
Ҥ	Ң	Ӊ	Ӈ	Ӧ	Ө	Ӫ
Ҩ	Ҧ	Ҏ	Ҫ	Ҭ	Ӳ	Ӱ
Ӯ	Ү	Ұ	Ҳ	Һ	Ҵ	Ӵ
Ҷ	Ӌ	Ҹ	Ӹ	Ҍ	Ӭ
Archaic letters
Ҁ	Ѹ	Ѡ	Ѿ	Ѻ	Ѣ	ІА
Ѥ	Ѧ	Ѫ	Ѩ	Ѭ	Ѯ	Ѱ
Ѳ	Ѵ	Ѷ
List of Cyrillic letters

Yat or Jat (Ѣ, ѣ) is the name of the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet, or of the sound it represents. Its name in Old Church Slavonic is yět’ (ѣть) or yat’ (ıать), in Bulgarian yat (ят) or e dvoyno (е двойно, double e), in Russian and Ukrainian yat’ (ять), in Serbian yat (jat, јат, Croatian spelling jat). In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: ě (taken from Czech alphabet). Image File history File links Cyrillic letter Yat, with rules, set in Bukvica font. ... Majuscules or capital letters (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Letter case. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... A (А, а) is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Look up Б, б in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ve (Ð’, в) is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the sound . ... Look up Г, г in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ghe (Ґ, Ò‘, also called ge with upturn) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet pronounced like the G in go. Originally part of the Ukrainian and Belarusian alphabets, its function was replaced by the letter Ge (Г) in the Soviet Union after 1933. ... De (Д, д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Gje (Ѓ, Ñ“) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language and sometimes equivalent to Ñ’, mainly in Serbian words. ... Dje, or Djerv (Ђ, Ñ’) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the sound , a voiced alveolo-palatal affricate. ... Ye, or E (Е, е), is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ye (Є, Ñ”) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Ukrainian language to represent the iotated vowel sound /je/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Writing system stubs ... Zhe (Ж, ж) is the letter of Cyrillic alphabet which represents the voiced postalveolar fricative (listen), similar to the s in the English word treasure. Zhe is the 7th letter of the Bulgarian and Belarusian alphabets, the 8th letter in the Macedonian, Russian and Serbian alphabets, and the 9th in the Ukrainian... Ze (З, з) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /z/. Its easily confusable with the number 3, for example the stages of the N1 rocket. ... Dze (Ð…, Ñ•) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language; it is, however, much older and is found in the original Slavonic alphabet. ... I or Y (И, и) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, pronounced in Russian, or in Ukrainian. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... I (І, Ñ–) (also called decimal I, or dotted I) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. ... Yi (Ї, ї) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Ukrainian language. ... Й, й (Short I) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Je (Ј, ј) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian and Macedonian languages. ... Ka (К, к) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... El (Л, л) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ, љ) was originally a ligature of Л and Ь. It is used in the Serbian language. ... Em (М, м) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /m/. Code positions This article is a substub, the first step on the way to becoming a full article. ... Look up Н, н in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ, њ) was originally a ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in the Serbian language, where it represents a voiced palatal nasal. ... O (О, о) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... Pe (П, п) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /p/. It arose directly from the Greek letter Pi (Π, Ï€). The shape of capital printed Pe can be described as a square with the bottom line missing, not to be confused with El (Cyrillic), which has a curved left. ... Er (Р, р) is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Te (Т, т) is the letter representing the consonant /t/ in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Tshe (Ћ, Ñ›) is 23rd letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. ... Kje (Ќ, ќ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. ... U (У, у) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... Short U (ÐŽ, Ñž) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the short semivowel in the Belarusian language, pronounced similarly to W in English. ... Ef (Ф, ф) is the twenty-first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Kha, or Ha, (Х, х) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the voiceless velar fricative /x/ (pronounced like the ch in German Bach). It is derived from the greek letter chi. ... Tse (Ц, ц) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Che (Ч, ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant cluster /tS/ or /tS/ (like the ch in change). Categories: Cyrillic letters | Stub ... Dzhe (Џ, ÑŸ) is a letter of Vuk Karadžićs Cyrillic alphabet reform, used in Serbian and Macedonian to represent the affricate (like the J in English jump). It replaces the digraph дж from some other Cyrillic alphabets. ... Sha (Ш, ш) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant sound or . ... Shcha or Shta (Щ, щ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /ʃʲ/, /ʃʧ/, /ʃʲʧʲ/ in Russian, and the consonant /ʃt/ in Bulgarian. ... The letter (Ъ, ÑŠ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак ) in the modern Russian alphabet and as er golyam (ер голям, big yer) in the Bulgarian alphabet. ... Yery (Ы, Ñ‹) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Soft Sign (Ь, ÑŒ) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet (Russian: мягкий знак (mÄ­ahkiy znak) [], Ukrainian: м’який знак (miakyy znak) [], Belarusian: мяккі знак (miakki znak) []). It is named so because it usually indicates softening, or palatalization, of the preceding consonant or of the group of them. ... E or E Oborotnoye (Э, э) is a letter of the Russian alphabet, representing the non-iotated vowel, IPA: or ). Code positions See also Glagolitic alphabet Categories: | ... Yu (Ю, ю) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the iotated vowel /ju/. In common with many Cyrillic letters, it was derived from a digraph, being a ligature of Izhe (then І) or Izhei (then Н, both now И) and Uk (Ѹ, no longer in the alphabet). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... A with breve (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Chuvash language orthography. ... A with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet currently used in the Khanty, Kildin Sami, and the Mari language. ... Cyrillic schwa (Ó˜, Ó™) is a Cyrillic letter. ... Schwa with diaeresis (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now used in the Khanty language. ... is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now used in Ossetic. ... The Cyrillic letter Ge stroke or Ayn (in Kazakh) (Ò’,Ò“) is a Г with a horizontal stroke. ... (minuscule: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used to write Siberian Yupik in Russia, as well as Nivkh. ... Ge with middle hook (majuscule:, minuscule: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Abkhaz to represent a voiced velar fricative (IPA: ). is the sixth letter of the Abkhaz alphabet, placed between the digraphs Гь and . ... Ye with breve (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic letter used only in Chuvash language. ... Abkhazian Che (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter found in the Cyrillic Alphabet. ... Abkhazian Che with descender (majuscule:, minuscule: is a Cyrillic letter currently used for the Abkhazian language, where it represents . ... Zhe with breve (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, created by Soviet linguists for the cyrillization of non-Slavic languages. ... The Cyrillic letter Zhje Ò– (lowercase: Ò—, Unicode name: CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER and CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER) is used as a letter in the Tatar, Kalmyk and Dungan alphabets. ... Zhe with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of Cyrillic Alphabet used only in the Udmurt language. ... Ò˜ (Dhe, like in English this) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Bashkir language. ... Ze with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of Cyrillic now used in Udmurt language. ... Abkhazian Dze (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Abkhazian language. ... Used in the Udmurt language, I with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule: is a Non-Slavic letter from the Cyrillic alphabet. ... I with macron (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic Alphabet used in Tajik language to sound the palatal approximant,. This letter represents accented i at the end of a word. ... Palochka or Páločka (majuscule: , minuscule: , Russian: па́лочка, a stick) is a letter added to the Cyrillic alphabet when used in writing several Caucasian languages, such as Abaza, Adyghe, Avar, Chechen, Dargwa, Ingush, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian and Tabassaran. ... Short I with tail (, ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The Cyrillic letter K descender or Qaf (in Kazakh (Òš,Ò›) is a К with a descender. ... Ka with stroke (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Abkhaz to represent an uvular ejective (). This is the 26th letter of the alphabet, placed between the digraphs Қь and . ... Ò  (Qa) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Bashkir language. ... Ka with hook (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a Cyrillic letter currently used in the Khanty and Chukchi language. ... Ka with vertical stroke (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Azeri. ... El with tail (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of Cyrillic alphabet used only in Klidin Sami language, located between Л and Ðœ. This letter expresses the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, . Categories: | ... Em with tail (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic alphabet only now used in Kildin Sami language. ... is a Cyrillic letter used in Altai, Yakut, and Mari languages. ... The Cyrillic letter N descender or Ng (in Kazakh) (Ò¢, Ò£) is an Н with a descender. ... En with tail (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter Cyrillic alphabet now only used in Kildin Sami language. ... En with hook (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of Cyrillic alphabet used in non-Slavic languages, Even, Evenki, Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, and Kildin Sami languages. ... O with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic alphabet now used in the Kurdish, Altay, Khakass, Mari, Udmurt, and Komi languages. ... The Cyrillic letter Oe or Barred O (Ó¨, Ó©) is an O with a horizontal line through it. ... Oe with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic letter used in Khanty and Even languages. ... Abkhazian Kha (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Abkhaz language and placed between O and Π in the alphabet. ... is a Cyrillic letter only used in Abkhaz. ... (minuscule: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Kildin Sami to represent a voiceless trill (IPA: ). Categories: | ... Es with descender or The (not as the definite article) in Bashkir (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Bashkir and Chuvash language. ... Te with descender (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Abkhaz, where it represents . ... U with double acute (majuscule:, miniscule:) is used for the Chuvash language. ... U with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of Cyrillic alphabet to be used for the Khakass, Mari, Altai, and Khanty languages. ... U with macron (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a Cyrillic Alphabet used for the Tajik language. ... The Cyrillic letter Straight U or Hamza + Waw with Damma (Ò®, Ò¯) (in Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir languages, and many other) is a straight form of the Cyrillic letter У. It is used to represent the close front rounded vowel /y/. Though the letter resembles the Latin letter Y in its uppercase form, the... The Cyrillic letter Straight U with stroke or Waw with Damma (in Kazakh) (Ò°, Ò±) is a straight Cyrillic У with a horizontal line through it. ... Ò² Ò³, (soft Kha) is a letter of certain Cyrillic alphabets such as Abkhaz, Karakalpak, Khakas, Tajik, also pre-1992 Uzbek (now the Latin script in use). ... He or Shha (Òº,Ò») is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet used in Bashkir, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Kildin Sami, Sakha, Tatar, and Yakut. ... is a ligature of Cyrillic used only for the Abkhazian language, located between Ц and Ч. Categories: | ... The Cyrillic letter Che with diaeresis (, ) is used in Udmurt language, where it is the thirtieth letter of the alphabet. ... Che with descender (majuscule:, minuscule: ) is a letter of Tajik Cyrillic alphabet to represent the affricate (like the J in English jump). It corresponds to digraphs дж or чж or letters Џ (Dzhe) or (Zhje) from some other Cyrillic alphabets. ... Khakassian Che (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of Cyrillic alphabet only now used in Khakas language. ... Che with vertical stroke (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Azeri. ... Yery with diaeresis (majuscule:, miniscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet only now used in Mari language to be pronounced for the close back unrounded vowel, . Ы Mari language Categories: | ... (minuscule: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Kildin Sami. ... E with diaeresis (majuscule:, minuscule:) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet currently used in Kildin Sami. ... The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language. ... The letter koppa in the Early Cyrillic alphabet Koppa (?, ?) is an archaic letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, originally derived from the Greek letter Qoppa. ... Uk (, ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. ... Omega (Ѡ, ѡ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Omega (Ω, ω). These early letters were called Archaic letters. ... Ot (Ѿ, Ñ¿) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, a ligature of the letters Omega and Te. ... Broad On (Ѻ, Ñ») is a variant of regular Cyrillic letter On (О, о) used in Church Slavonic: as the 1st letter of words root: in the initial position (ѻгнь, ѻтрокъ), after a prefix (праѻтецъ), in compound words (ѻбоюдуѻстрый), in two geographical names (іѻрданъ—Jordan River, іѻппіа—city of Jaffa) and their derivatives, as the numerical sign to represent... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... E iotified (Ѥ, ѥ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... Ksi (Ñ®, ѯ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek letter Xi. ... Psi (Ñ°, ѱ) is a letter in the early Cyrillic alphabet, derived from the Greek letter psi (Ψ, ψ). It represents the sound /ps/, as in English naps, and was used largely in loan words from foreign languages. ... Fita (Ѳ, ѳ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Theta. ... Izhitsa (Ñ´, ѵ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. ... Izhitsa (Ñ´, ѵ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. ... Variants of the Cyrillic alphabet are used by the writing systems of tens of languages, especially languages used in former Soviet Union. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian or Old Slavic) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki (Solun) by the 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius. ... Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. ... The Czech alphabet consists of 42 letters (or more precisely - graphemes): A, Á, B, C, ÄŒ, D, ÄŽ, E, É, Äš, F, G, H, Ch, I, Í, J, K, L, M, N, Ň, O, Ó, P, Q, R, Ř, S, Å , T, Ť, U, Ú, Å®, V, W, X, Y, Ý, Z, Ž Most of the diacritic letters were added to the alphabet through reforms...

The yat represented a Common Slavic long vowel. It is generally believed to have represented the sound [æ:], which was a reflex of earlier [e:], [oj], or [aj]. That the sound represented by yat developed late in the history of Common Slavonic is indicated by its role in the second palatalization of the Slavonic velars. It is significant that from the earliest texts, there is considerable confusion between the yat and the Cyrillic iotified a (ıа). One explanation is that the dialect of Thessaloniki, on which the Old Church Slavonic literary language was based, and other South Slavonic dialects shifted from /æ:/ to /ja/ independent from the Northern and Western branches. The confusion was also possibly aggravated by the fact that Cyrillic Little Yus (Ѧ) looks very similar to the older Glagolitic alphabet's yat (Ⱑ, supported only in Unicode 4.1; here's an image: ). An "iotated yat" form also exists, but is extremely rare. Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Ya (Я, я) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the iotated vowel /ja/ (SAMPA). ... Little Yus (, ) and Big Yus (, ), or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. ... The letter Jat from the Glagolitic alphabet. ...

Cyrillic letter yat, set in several fonts. Note that in cursive writing, the small yat has quite different shape.

In various modern Slavic languages the yat has reflexed into various vowels. For example, the old Slavic root běl (white) became bel /bʲel/ in Standard Russian (dialectal /bʲal/, /bʲijel/ or even /bʲil/ in some regions), bil /bʲil/ in Ukrainian, bjal in Bulgarian, biel / biały in Polish, and bílý in Czech. Older, unrelated reflexes of yat exist; for example, old word телѣгы (telěgi, carts) became modern Russian телеги (telegi) but in Serbian it is таљиге (taljige). Graphemes for the Cyrillic letter yat File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Graphemes for the Cyrillic letter yat File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Cursive is any style of handwriting which is designed for writing down notes and letters by hand. ...  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... Russian (Russian: ,  ) is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavonic languages. ... A cart is a vehicle or device, using two wheels and normally one horse, designed for transport. ...

As a result of these reflexes, yat no longer represented an independent phoneme, but rather one identical to that represented by another Cyrillic letter. As a result, children had to memorise by rote where to write yat and where not. Therefore, the letter was dropped in a series of orthographic reforms: in Serbian with the reform of Vuk Karadžić, which was later adopted for Macedonian, in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian roughly with the October revolution, and in Bulgarian and Rusyn languages as late as 1945. The letter is no longer used in the standard modern orthography of any of the Slavic languages written with the Cyrillic alphabet, although it survives in liturgical and church texts written in the Russian recension of Church Slavonic and has, since 1991, found some favour in advertising. The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of writing in that language. ... Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Вук Стефановић Караџић) (November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864) was a Serb linguist and major reformer of the Serbian language. ... “Red October” redirects here. ... Rusyn is an East Slavic language (along with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian to which it shares a common linguistic ancestry) that is spoken by the Rusyns. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Page from the Spiridon Psalter in Church Slavonic. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Commercialism redirects here. ...

Yat in Russia and Ukraine

In the Russian language, confusion between the yat and e in writing occurs from the earliest records, but when exactly the final disappearance of the original sound from all dialects took place is a topic of scientific debate. Some scholars, for example W.K. Matthews, have placed the coalescence of the two sounds at the earliest historical phases (eleventh century or earlier), attributing its use until 1918 to Church Slavonic influence. Within Russia itself, however, a consensus has found its way into university textbooks of historical grammar (e.g., V.V. Ivanov), that, taking all the dialects into account, the sounds remained predominantly distinct until the eighteenth century, at least under stress, and are distinct to this day in some localities. It may be noteworthy in this respect that the yat in Ukrainian usually merged in sound with i, and therefore has remained distinct from e. Russian ( , transliteration: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Page from the Spiridon Psalter in Church Slavonic. ...

The story of the letter yat and its elimination from the Russian alphabet makes for an interesting footnote in Russian cultural history; see Reforms of Russian orthography. A full list of words that were written with the letter yat at the beginning of twentieth century can be found in the Russian Wikipedia. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Old Russian language adopted the Cyrillic alphabet, approximately during the tenth century and at about the same time as the introduction of Eastern Christianity into the territories inhabited by the Eastern Slavs. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ...

Yat in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (Serbo-Croatian)

In the central South Slavic group, yat has morphed into three distinct forms: e, (i)je and i, and this has become one of the differentiating criteria between the dialects (Ekavian, Ijekavian and Ikavian). Standard Bosnian and Croatian are based on Ijekavian, while standard Serbian is mostly Ekavian in Serbia itself and Ijekavian in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Ikavian dialect is a regional substandard in parts of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. See Rendering of yat in Serbo-Croatian for details. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 9th century   -  First unified state c. ... Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, Bright Dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Demonym Montenegrin Government Republic  -  President Filip Vujanović  -  Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro   -  Declared June 3, 2006... Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian (also Croatian or Serbian, Serbian or Croatian) (srpskohrvatski or cрпскохрватски or hrvatskosrpski or hrvatski ili srpski or srpski ili hrvatski), earlier also Serbo-Croat, was an official language of Yugoslavia (along with Slovenian, Macedonian). ...

Yat in Bulgarian

Yat border

In Bulgarian, the different reflexes of the yat form the so-called yat border (yatova granitsa), running approximately from Nikopol on the Danube to Solun (Thessaloniki) on the Aegean Sea. The yat border is the most important Bulgarian isogloss, marking pronunciation of the old yat as either /a/ and soft consonant before it (represented by я in standard Bulgarian) or /e/ to the east (bjal, but plural beli, бял – бели) and only as e (bel – beli, бел – бели) to the west, continuing in Macedonian and Serbian dialects. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 545 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 681 pixel, file size: 198 KB, MIME type: image/png) en:Yat border between the Bulgarian dialects. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 545 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 681 pixel, file size: 198 KB, MIME type: image/png) en:Yat border between the Bulgarian dialects. ... The Yat Border (Bulgarian: Ятова граница, Yatova Granitsa) is the major isogloss dividing eastern and western dialects in Bulgaria. ... Nikopol (Нікополь) is a town of Ukraine, in the government of Ekaterinoslav, on the right bank of the Dnieper, 70 miles S.S.W. of the town of Ekaterinoslav. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... Thessaloniki or Salonica (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη) is Greeces second-largest city and the capital of Macedonia. ... Look up Aegean Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Isoglosses on the Faroe Islands An isogloss is the geographical boundary of a certain linguistic feature, e. ...

The elimination of the yat from the Bulgarian alphabet in 1945 was seen by many Bulgarian Macedonians as “a betrayal of the western dialects” and an artificial separation of Bulgarian from the Macedonian dialects. After 1989 many right wing political and cultural organisations like the Bulgarian National Radical Party and the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation (VMRO) in Bulgaria tried to initiate a debate on orthographic reform and reintroduction of the yat. Excerpt from the statute of BMARC, 1896 (in Bulgarian) Statute of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees Chapter I. - Goal Chapter II. - Structure and Organization Excerpt from the statute of IMARO, 1906 (in Bulgarian) Statute of Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (amended at the general congress in 1906) Chapter I...

Yat in Rusyn

In the Rusyn language, yat was used until 1945,^{[citation needed]} and removed during the Soviet occupation. Nowadays some Rusyn writers and poets try to reinstate it, but this initiative isn't really popular among Rusyn intelligentsia. Rusyn is an East Slavic language (along with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian to which it shares a common linguistic ancestry) that is spoken by the Rusyns. ... The notion of an intellectual elite as a distinguished social stratum can be traced far back in history. ...

Code positions

Yat is present in Unicode, though it is often absent from commonly available fonts. If your browser handles correctly Unicode, and has a font which includes the letter, you should see the capital and small yats here: Ѣѣ. Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... For the origin and evolution of fonts, see History of western typography. ...

Its HTML Entities are Ѣ or Ѣ for the capital and ѣ or ѣ for the small letter. A character encoding or character set (sometimes referred to as code page) consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given set with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers... In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between majuscule (capital or upper-case) and minuscule (lower_case) letters. ... The decimal (base ten or occasionally denary) numeral system has ten as its base. ... In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal, base-16, or simply hex, is a numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16, usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F, or a–f. ... The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. ... The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... Majuscules or capital letters (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Letter case. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ...

See also

• Yus
• Ҍ (Semisoft sign)