Rear of the prison complex

Yatala Labour Prison is a low to high security Australian men's prison in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. It was built in 1854 to enable prisoners to work at the creek, quarrying rock for roads and construction. Originally known as The Stockade it acquired its current name from a local Aboriginal word. Northfield (34°51′ S 138°37′ E , postcode 5085, altitude 72m) is a suburb of the greater Adelaide, Australia area. ... Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006)  - Population  1,558,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 296 pixelsFull resolution (1144 × 423 pixel, file size: 28 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) cropped image of the back of Yatala Labour Prison, Northfield, South Australia Taken by Me - Peripitus (Talk) 22:06, 23 December 2006 (UTC) I, the creator... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 296 pixelsFull resolution (1144 × 423 pixel, file size: 28 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) cropped image of the back of Yatala Labour Prison, Northfield, South Australia Taken by Me - Peripitus (Talk) 22:06, 23 December 2006 (UTC) I, the creator... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006)  - Population  1,558,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... Languages Several hundred indigenous Australian languages (many extinct or nearly so), Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, Torres Strait Creole, Kriol Religions Primarily Christian, with minorities of other religions including various forms of Traditional belief systems based around the Dreamtime Related ethnic groups see List of Indigenous Australian group names Indigenous...

The prison has been expanded many times but still has functioning buildings that date to the 1850s. It remains Adelaide's main male prison, although it is scheduled to close by 2011 with most of its area converted to residential housing. A residential area is a type of land use where the predominant use is residential. ...

Geography and naming

Yatala prison, originally called The Stockade, was named after the Hundred of Yatala, Yatala being a word from the Weira group of the Kaurnas Aboriginal people meaning water running by the side of a river.^[2] It is known as a labour prison by virtue of its vast industries complex and the use of convict labour in construction. A hundred is an administrative division, frequently used in Europe and New England, which historically was used to divide a larger region into smaller geographical units. ... The Kaurna (pronounced Garner or Gowna) people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in and around the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. ...

It is sited 10 kilometres north of Adelaide's central business district, between Grand Junction Road and Dry Creek, and adjcacent to the suburb of Walkley Heights. The prison sits on an escarpment of the Para Fault Block overlooking the Adelaide plains.^[3] Dry Creek, perhaps predictably, is mostly dry in summer and lies in a deep gully at the rear of the prison, with outcrops of exposed pre-Cambrian rocks that were extensively quarried as part of prison activity. The Central Business District of Sydney, Australia. ... Grand Junction Road is the longest east-west thoroughfare in the Adelaide metropolitan area, and is located approximately 9 kilometres north of the city centre. ... Dry Creek (postcode 5094) is a mostly industrial suburb located north of Adelaide, containing significant wetlands and a substantial area devoted to salt crystallization pans, managed by Cheetham Salt Limited. ... Walkley Heights is a newly built residential subdivision 15 kilometres to the north of Adelaide. ... In geology, an escarpment is a transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. ... Geologic faults, fault lines or simply faults are planar rock fractures, which show evidence of relative movement. ... Gully in El Paso County, Colorado, USA. A gully is a landform created by running water eroding sharply into a hillside. ... The Precambrian or Cryptozoic is the period of the geologic timescale from the formation of Earth around 4500 million years before the present (BP) to the evolution of abundant macroscopic hard-shelled fossils, which marked the beginning of the Cambrian, some 542 million years BP. Remarkably little is known about... For other uses, see Quarry (disambiguation). ...

History

For the first five years of South Australian settlement there was no permanent prison. Prisoners were kept locked in irons onboard HMAS Buffalo until its sailing in 1837, and in temporary jails subsequently.^[4] 1841 saw the first permanent prison built in Adelaide, with the Adelaide Gaol on the banks of the River Torrens, the building of which severely strained the new colony's finances.^[5] The History of South Australia from 1831 to 1842, is the account of the formative years of the province of South Australia from the period of the formation of the South Australian Land Company to the commencement of the Legislative Assembly in 1842. ... The Ball And Chain is a more common name for the song Make This Love Right, written and produced by New Jersey house music producer Romanthony. ... Adelaide Gaol was an Australian prison located in Thebarton, South Australia, Australia. ... The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. ...

In the 19th century, incarceration in South Australia was seen as a punitive more than preventative measure. The labour of prisoners was used for public works and hard labour seen as an integral part of imprisonment. In this light, Charles Simeon Hare (member of the legislative council) wrote an 1853 letter to the Adelaide Observer, advocating prisoners be usefully employed, and further that a 160 acre reserve on Dry Creek could be used for this purpose. The reserve had an abundant supply of stone that prisoners could convert into building and road material.^[6] September that year saw Hare move, in the council, that 5000 pounds be set aside to enable a prison be constructed next to a quarry, whether at Dry Creek or elsewhere. This would enable the labour of the prisoners to remunerate the country.^[7] Hare later became superintendent of the prison and maintained a colourful register describing prisoners.^[8] The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Look up Punishment in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Public works in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Legislative Council chamber circa 1939 The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of parliament in the Australian state of South Australia. ... “GBP” redirects here. ...

19th Century

Twenty five prisoners were sent to the Dry Creek site to work in the quarries in July 1854, living at night in an iron house. Dry Creek prison was officially declared a gaol on 10 Aug 1854 and an act then passed commuting sentences, formerly of transportation to New South Wales or Van Diemen's Land, into imprisonment with hard labour, though transport to the latter had been stopped by the Imperial Government in 1852. The Prison began as an iron house with surrounding palisade and became known as The Stockade, a name maintained in 2007 by the adjacent botanic park. Hare requested construction of a stone building, and by October 1854 this was completed using locally quarried bluestone, with accommodation for 60 prisoners.^[7] For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... The word Gaol can refer to the following: Gaol American/British English jail, Early Modern English spelling, though this spelling is seldom used today, it is still considered the official spelling in Australian English. ... “NSW” redirects here. ... 1663 map of Van Diemens Land, showing the parts discovered by Tasman, including Storm Bay, Maria Island and Schouten Island. ... Her Majestys Government, or when the Sovereign is male, His Majestys Government, abbreviated HMG or HM Government, is the formal title used by the Government of the United Kingdom. ... Palisade and Moat A palisade is a Medieval wooden fence or wall of variable height, used as a defensive structure. ... Inside the United States Botanic Garden Inside the Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden (Brazil), 1890 Botanical gardens (in Latin, hortus botanicus) grow a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes, but also for the enjoyment and education of visitors, a consideration that has become essential to... Bluestone is the name given to a form of dolerite which appears blue when wet or freshly broken. ...

Yatala's powder magazine, used in quarrying

In its early years rock-cracking, hard labour and solitary confinement were the notable features of life at the prison. It was seen that hard worked prisoners would not wish to return to the prison, with solitary confinement giving them time to reflect on past misdeeds.^[9] From inception prisoners main task was the breaking of one cubic yard of rock per day. Until the middle of the 20th century the prisons department's philosophy remained punitive with much reliance on obedience to rules and regulations.^[10] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Penal labour is a form of the unfree labour. ... Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to as the hole (or in British English the block), is a punishment in which a prisoner is denied contact with any other persons, excluding guards, chaplains and doctors. ... The cubic yard (symbols yd³, cu. ...

The first batch of 24 convicts was sent to the prison from Adelaide gaol on February 9, 1855 wearing the characteristic broad arrow pattern prison clothes of the time,^[11] and the first escape from the prison took place October 1855 with 8 escapees. The Prisoners were captured, chained in solitary confinement within the prison, then subsequently punished with 50 lashes for the escape and other disciplinary issues.^[7] is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... An engrailed Broad Arrow is called a Pheon. ... U.S. Marshals observing a prisoner transport to prevent escapes Escape from prison via helicopter is seen as a major threat. ... Whipping on a post Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, whip) the human body. ...

For the prison, water supply was a constant issue, with carriage required from distant Port Adelaide. A well was bored in 1856 through 60 feet of limestone but soon ran dry. For storage of rainwater, in 1860 a 300,000 gallon reservoir was constructed under the main courtyard. Water supplies continued to be inadequate until the 1878 construction of a pipeline to the Hope Valley Reservoir.^[7] Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of various qualities to different users. ... Port Adelaide ( ) is a suburb of Adelaide lying about 14 kilometres northwest of the City of Adelaide. ... Cable tool water well drilling rig in Kimball, West Virginia. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... For other uses, see Limestone (disambiguation). ... Rain falling For other uses see Rain (disambiguation). ... The gallon (abbreviation: gal) is a unit of volume. ... ...

The first significant expansion of the prison buildings occurred in 1858 with the construction of B Division. Built in the centre of the prison with 123 cells and, in the 19th century, designed to hold 300 prisoners.^[7] A new wing was added in 1872 with 36 cells, guard accommodation and a wall separating it from the rest of the prison, with 37 more cells added in 1878. By 1880 the accommodation was seen as insufficient for the 280 prisoners then held, with up to three per cell and eighteeen per dormitory room. A T shaped building was constructed in 1884 with 96 cells over three floors, and the walled area expanded. The building included a chapel, offices and three dark underground cells used for solitary confinement. Known as A Division, it was built by prisoners at the jail as part of their enforced labour.^[12] A prison Cell A prison cell or detention cell refers to the accommodation of a prisoner in a prison or jail. ... A typical American college dorm room Another typical not-so-clean college dorm room Watterson Towers, Illinois State University Potomac Hall, second-largest dormitory at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia. ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ...

20th century

Prisoners moved from rock breaking to goods production with trades including boot making, tailoring, tin smithing, blacksmithing, carpentry and masonry. There was public opposition as the free labour of prisoners was seen as unfair competition against private industry, consequently Government departments used most products. During the 1960s small industries were established north of the prison walls with facilities for spray painting, sheet metalwork and brick making. A decision was made in 1968 to build a new industries complex. Construction was from 1977 to 1982, with the complex opening in November 1984.^[10] For other senses of this word, see boot (disambiguation). ... A tailor attending to a customer in Hong Kong. ... This article is about the metallic chemical element. ... A smith, or metalsmith, is a person involved in the shaping of metal objects. ... For other uses, see Blacksmith (disambiguation). ... This article refers to the building structure component; for the fraternal organization, see Freemasonry. ... The private sector of a nations economy consists of those entities which are not controlled by the state - i. ... Spray painting is painting using a device that sprays the paint. ... Sheets of stainless steel cover the Chrysler Building Thin sheets of gold leaf Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. ...

C Division was created in 1957, as a minimum-security building, outside the main prison walls with a dining room added in 1967. B Division was redesigned and reequipped in 1958. The special education section of the education department opened a school at the prison in 1976 and Technical and Further Education began participating in prisoner education at Yatala from 1979.^[10] Students in Rome, Italy. ... For the Texas educational association, see Texas Association of Future Educators. ...

Although a high security prison, there have been some significant prisoner escapes. Four prisoners escaped in 1930, lead the police on a car chase with whom they were involved in shootout. After escaping into school grounds they were recaptured, with two of the police injured.^[13] Six prisoners escaped from the jail in 1979 after an attempted mass breakout by thirty. A wall that was under repair and covered in scaffolding was used as part of the escape, but all six escapees were soon recaptured.^[14] There was poor morale amongst inmates in the 1980s leading to a major riot. Sixty prisoners went on a rampage on 22 March 1983, and lit fires, destroying the roof of A division. The government saw this as an opportunity to restructure Yatala, rather than simply repairing the damage, and on 21 December announced that A division would be demolished. Enfield council strongly objected due to the buildings historic value but demolition began on 6 February 1984.^[15] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... // A shootout is a gun battle between armed groups or opposing factions. ... This article is about the temporary framework. ... Teamsters, armed with pipes, riot in a clash with riot police in the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

Yatala prison today

The prison holds high, medium and low security prisoners, and is South Australia's main induction and reception prison for male prisoners.^[1] It still retains industries facilities that are the largest in the South Australian prison system, and is run by the South Australian government's department for correctional services. Some of the original buildings and parts of old equipment can still be seen from a creek level walking trail, between the prison and new suburb of Walkley Heights. These include guard towers, quarries, a blacksmith's shop and a gunpowder magazine^[16] The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its Constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then. ... “Suburbia” redirects here. ... Walkley Heights is a newly built residential subdivision 15 kilometres to the north of Adelaide. ... For other uses, see Quarry (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Blacksmith (disambiguation). ... Smokeless powder Gunpowder is a pyrotechnic composition, an explosive mixture that burns rapidly, producing volumes of hot gas which can be used as a propellant in firearms and fireworks. ... Magazine is the name for a item or place within which ammunition is stored. ...

The prison is divided into four units:^[17]

• B-Division - high and medium security, and prisoners requiring protection.
• E-Division - low security for assessment, prisoner induction and fine defaulters.
• F-Division - working division close to the prisons industries facilities.
• G-Division - highest security section of the prison.

Yatala is reported as having 500 prisoners in a facility designed for 341. The prison is planned to be closed when a new prison at Mobilong is completed, though some buildings will be retained for their historic values.^[18] It is expected that the closure will happen by 2011, and the land developed for residential housing.^[19] Mobilong Prison is an Australian low and medium security prison located at Murray Bridge, South Australia, Australia near the premises of Emily Morris. ...

Notable prisoners

• Bevan Spencer von Einem, child sex offender, convicted murderer and suspected serial murderer.
• David Hicks, the Australian Guantánamo Bay detainee convicted by US military tribunal of providing material support for terrorism.^[20]
• Bradley John Murdoch, convicted murderer of Peter Falconio was held briefly in the prison.
• James William Miller, serving six life sentences for murder in relation to the Truro Murders.^[21]
• John Bunting and Robert Wagner, convicted murderers after South Australia's longest murder trial (to 2003)^[22]
• Rupert Maxwell (Max) Stuart (paroled 1973) an Australian Aborigine whose 1959 conviction for murder lead to a Royal Commission and a 2002 film.
• Jean Eric Gassy, deregistered Sydney psychiatrist who shot dead South Australia's head of mental health in October 2002.

Bevan Spencer von Einem (born c. ... The term child sexual abuse (CSA) denotes sex between prepubescent minors and adults. ... For the American chaplain, see David Hicks (chaplain). ... Detainees upon arrival at Camp X-Ray, January 2002 Guantánamo Bay detainment camp serves as a joint military prison and interrogation center under the leadership of Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO), has occupied a portion of the United States Navys base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba since 2002. ... Bradley Murdoch, police mugshot. ... Peter Falconio was a British tourist who disappeared in the Australian outback in July 2001, whilst travelling with girlfriend Joanne Lees. ... The Truro murders was the name given to the findings of the remains of seven young women in bushland near the town of Truro, South Australia in 1976 - 1977. ... Rupert Maxwell (Max) Stuart is an Australian Aborigine who was convicted of murder in 1959. ... Australian Aborigines are the main indigenous people of Australia. ... In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an issue. ... Black and White is an Australian movie, directed by Craig Lahiff and starring Robert Carlyle, Charles Dance, Kerry Fox and Colin Friels. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 225th day of the year (226th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Logo of the City of Prospect The City of Prospect is an inner urban local government area (LGA) in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Lewis, H. John (1985). ENFIELD and The Northern Villages. The corporation of the city of Enfield. ISBN 0-85864-090-2.