Kyoto is one of the rare cities (with Nara) which was spared the US carpet bombing during WWII in order to preserve the cultural heritage.
Kyoto is on the main shinkansen (bullet train) line, which makes it easily reachable from Tokyo (2h30min to 3h, ¥13,720).
Kyoto is just a short train ride away from Osaka (15min by shinkansen or 30min by regular train, respectively ¥3,130 and ¥540), Nara (40min, ¥610) or Nagoya (35min by shinkansen, ¥5,840).