Yelena Georgiyevna Bonner (Russian language: Елена Георгиевна Боннер, born February 15, 1923) is a human rights activist in the former Soviet Union and wife of late Andrei Sakharov. Russian (Russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, â–¶(?)) is the most widely spoken language of Europe and the most widespread of the Slavic languages. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Andrei Sakharov, 1943 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов, May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989), was an eminent Soviet-Russian nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. ...

She was born in Mary, Turkmenistan to a family of Gevork Alikhanov, a prominent Armenian communist and a secretary of the Comintern, and Ruth Bonner, a Jewish communist activist. Mary is a city of Turkmenistan, capital of the Mary Province. ... The Comintern (from Russian Коммунистический Интернационал (Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional) – Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an independent international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Lenin, Trotsky and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international... // The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ...

Her parents were both arrested in 1937 during Stalin's Great Purge, her father was shot and her mother was deported to labor camps for eight years. Serving as a nurse during World War II, Bonner was wounded twice. After the war she earned a degree in pediatrics from the First Leningrad Medical Institute. In 1972 she married nuclear physicist and human rights activist Andrei Sakharov. 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... The Great Purge is the name given to campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s. ... GULAG (Russian: Glavonoye Upravleniye Lagerey, Main Camp Administration) was the branch of the Soviet secret police (the NKVD and later on the KGB) that dealt with concentration camps. ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest... Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ... Andrei Sakharov, 1943 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов, May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989), was an eminent Soviet-Russian nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. ...

When Sakharov was unable to accept the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize, as the Soviet government was unwilling to let him leave the country, Bonner went to Oslo and represented her husband. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... County Oslo NO-03 Landscape Viken Municipality NO-0301 Administrative centre Oslo Mayor (2004) Per Ditlev-Simonsen (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 224 454 km² 426 km² 0. ...

The couple were prominent dissidents and front figures of the Russian peace movement, and both Bonner and Sakharov were exiled to Gorky, Bonner in 1984. They were pardoned by the new Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986. A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively opposes an established opinion, policy, or structure. ... Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Ни́жний Но́вгород), colloquially shortened as Nizhny and also transliterated into English as Nizhniy Novgorod or Nizhni Novgorod, is the fourth largest city of the Russian Federation, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Novosibirsk. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov (Gorbachev) ▶ (Russian: ; pronunciation: ) (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

After Sakharov's death in 1989, Bonner has continued campaigning for democracy and human rights in Russia and worldwide. She defended Boris Yeltsin during the August Coup attempt in 1991. In recent years, she has been an outspoken opposer to the Russian armed involvement in Chechnya and a supporter of self-determination for the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. She has written two books, Alone Together, 1987, and Mothers and Daughters, 1992. 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Russias human rights record remains uneven and worsened in some areas following the end of the Soviet Union. ... Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Борис Николаевич Ельцин; â–¶(?)) (born February 1, 1931) was President of Russia from 1991 to 1999. ... During the Soviet Coup of 1991, also known as the August Putsch or August Coup, a group of hardliners within the Soviet Communist party briefly deposed Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Capital Grozny Area - total - % water 78th - 15,500 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density 49th - est. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

She was awarded the Rafto Prize in 1991. The Rafto Prize is awarded annually by the Rafto Foundation for Human Rights Former receipients: 1987 -- Jiří Hájek, Czechoslovakia 1988 -- Trivimi Velliste, Estonia 1989 -- Doina Cornea, Romania and FIDESZ, Hungary 1990 -- Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma 1991 -- Jelena Bonner, Russia 1992 -- Preah Maha Ghosananda, Cambodia 1993 -- The people of... 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Yelena Bonner now lives in Moscow. She has two children, both living in the USA. Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ▶(?)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ...

External links

• An appeal to the world regarding suicide terrorism (April 12, 2002)
• An Open Letter to President Bush By Vladimir Bukovsky and Yelena Bonner (March 10, 2003)