The Yellow sac spider (Cheiracanthium inclusum and Chiracanthium mildei), alternately known as the black-footed spider, is not a true sac spider (of the family Clubionidae), but a long-legged sac spider, that is, a member of the family Miturgidae that was formerly classified in that group. It is one of a handful of spiders in North America whose bites are generally considered to be medically significant. Image File history File links Yellow sac spider Image found at UNL Entomology website in May of 2005. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... Extant orders Acarina Amblypygi Araneae Opiliones Palpigradi Pseudoscorpionida Ricinulei Schizomida Solifugae Uropygi Wikispecies has information related to: Arachnida Arachnids are a class (Arachnida) of joint-legged invertebrate animals in the subphylum Chelicerata. ... Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae  See table of families Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals that have two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ... Genera many, see text The long-legged sac spiders (family Miturgidae) include nearly 400 species in about 30 genera worldwide. ... Diversity 192 species Species C. inclusum C. mildei C. punctorium many more Cheiracanthium is a genus of spiders in the Miturgidae family, which includes the yellow sac spider. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Nicholas Marcellus Hentz (July 25, 1797 - November 4, 1856) was born in Versailles, France. ... Genera Clubiona Elaver The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. ... Genera many, see text The long-legged sac spiders (family Miturgidae) include nearly 400 species in about 30 genera worldwide. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ...

It is a rather small pale yellow spider, found in most of North, Central and South America. It takes shelter in flattened silk tubes during the day and moves about to hunt during the night. It often lives in houses and can frequently be found crawling upon walls or other vertical surfaces. Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae  See table of families Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals that have two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

Ventral view of Cheiracanthium sp. This specimen has lost several legs.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (685x669, 215 KB) Photographed by Patrick Edwin Moran. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (685x669, 215 KB) Photographed by Patrick Edwin Moran. ...

Medical significance

The bite of these spiders is believed to be toxic to humans but rarely produce more than local symptoms. They are believed to produce a high percentage of the spider bites suffered by people, possibly because they wander about when people cannot see well or are asleep, and so they may get squeezed and bite to protect themselves. Bites that occur to farm laborers may occur because spiders hiding in their shelters on leaves may get squeezed. Chelicerae of a black wishbone (Nemesiidae) spider, a mygalomorph Spiders are widely known, and feared by some, for their capability of biting human beings. ...

It has been noted that a large number of bites attributed to the brown recluse spider may actually be the result of yellow sac spider bites, which possess a cytotoxic venom known to contain several proteolytic enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, deoxyribonuclease, esterase, hyaluronidase, lipase, and ribonuclease.^[1] These enzymes can cause localized tissue necrosis (which may be similar to that caused by a recluse bite), though the symptoms are less severe and do not result in the systemic effects occasionally seen with recluse envenomations. Binomial name Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940 The brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, of the family Sicariidae (formerly of the family Loxoscelidae). ... Cytotoxicity is the quality of being poisonous to cells. ... Ball and stick model of alkaline phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3. ... A deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone. ... An esterase is an hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into a acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis. ... Hyaluronidase The hyaluronidases (EC 3. ... A computer-generated image of a type of pancreatic lipase (PLRP2) from the guinea pig. ... Ribonuclease (RNase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of RNA into smaller components. ...

However, the view that this spider is dangerous to humans has been questioned. A recent study of 20 confirmed yellow sac spider bites revealed no evidence of necrosis; further review of international literature on confirmed bites revealed only a single bite with mild necrotic symptoms. ^[2]

Notes

1. ^ http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/71/2/239 Diaz, James H. "The global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of spider bites", American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71(2), 2004, pp. 239-250
2. ^ http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/74/6/1043 Richard S. Vetter, Geoffrey K. Ibister, Sean P. Bush, and Lisa J. Boutin, "Verified bites by yellow sac spiders (genus Cheiracanthium) in the United States and Australia: Where is the necrosis?", American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74(6), 2006, pp. 1043-1048

External links

• Photo
• Pictures of C. inclusum (free for noncommercial use)
• U Arkansas - Arthropod Museum Notes by Jeffrey K. Barnes

Maan, Noura. "Spider invasion creeping out Austrians", Associated Press (via LiveScience), 3 August 2006. Retrieved on 2007-01-04.  is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...