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The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews. It is believed by some scholars that its phonology was heavily influenced by spoken Yemeni Arabic. Yet, according to other scholars as well as Yemenite Jewish Rabbis such as Rabbi Yosef Qafih the Temani Hebrew dialect was not influenced by Yemenite Arabic, as this type of Arabic was also spoken by Yemenite Jews and is distinct from the liturgical Hebrew and the conversational Hebrew of the communities. This article describes the Biblical dialects of Hebrew. ...
Yemenite Jews (×ªÖ¼Öµ×™×žÖ¸× Ö´×™, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄnî; plural ×ªÖ¼Öµ×™×žÖ¸× Ö´×™×, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄnîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄn), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ...
Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). ...
Yemeni Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken in Yemen. ...
Rabbi Yosef Qafih (יוסף ק×פח), also spelled Kafich or Qafehh or Gafeh (1917-2000), was one of the foremost leaders of the Yemenite Jewish community, first in Yemen and later in Israel. ...
Among the dialects of Hebrew preserved into modern times, Yemenite Hebrew is traditionally regarded as the form closest to Hebrew as used in ancient times, particularly Tiberian Hebrew and Mishnaic Hebrew. This is evidenced in part by the fact that Yemenite Hebrew preserves a separate sound for every consonant except for ס sāmekh and ש śîn, which are both pronounced /s/. (Morag) Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Bible, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early middle ages, beginning in the 8th century. ...
The Mishnaic Hebrew language or Rabbinic Hebrew language is the ancient descendant of Biblical Hebrew as preserved by the Jews after the Babylonian captivity, and definitively recorded by Jewish sages in writing the Mishnah and other contemporary documents. ...
Distinguishing features
- There are double pronunciations for all six begadkefat letters: gimel without dagesh is pronounced "gh" like Arabic "ghayn", and dalet without dagesh is pronounced "th" as in "this". (The pronunciation of tav without dagesh as "th" as in "thick" is shared with other Mizrahi Hebrew dialects such as Iraqi.)
- Vav is pronounced "w" as in Iraqi Hebrew.
- Emphatic and guttural letters have the same sounds as in Arabic.
- There is no distinction between the vowels patahh, segol and vocal sheva, all being pronounced /æ/ like Arabic fatha (this feature may reflect Arabic influence, but is also found in old Babylonian Hebrew, where a single symbol was used for all three).
- Qamats gadol is pronounced "o", as in Ashkenazi Hebrew.
- Final he with mappiq (a dot in the centre) has a stronger sound than he generally.
- A semivocalic sound is heard before patahh ganuv (patahh coming between a long vowel and a final guttural): thus ruahh (spirit) sounds like ruwwahh and siahh (speech) sounds like siyyahh.
Yemenite pronunciation is not uniform, and Morag has distinguished five sub-dialects. Roughly, the points of difference are as follows: The Mizrahi Hebrew language or Oriental hebrew language refers to any one of the dialects of Biblical Hebrew used liturgical by Mizrahi Jews, that is, Jews living in Arab countries or further east, and typically speaking Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Chinese, or other languages of the Middle East and Asia. ...
Ashkenazi Hebrew is the pronunciation system for Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Ashkenazi Jewish practice. ...
- In some dialects, holam (long "o" in modern Hebrew) is pronounced /ö/ (anywhere from British English "er" to German o-umlaut), while in others it is pronounced /ē/ like tsere. (This last pronunciation is shared with Lithuanian Jews.)
- In some dialects, gimel with dagesh is pronounced like English "j", and qof is pronounced /g/. In others, gimel with dagesh is /g/, and qof is Classical Arabic guttural "q". (This reflects the difference between the Sana'ani and Adeni dialects of Yemeni Arabic.)
Lithuanian Jews (known in Yiddish and Haredi English as Litvish (adjective) or Litvaks (noun)) are Ashkenazi Jews with roots in Lita, a region including not only present-day Lithuania but also Latvia, much of Belarus and the northeastern Suwałki region of Poland. ...
Yemeni Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken in Yemen. ...
In Israeli culture There have been a number of Yemenite performers who have have utilized Yemenite Hebrew in their music such as: - Aharon Amram
- Shlomo Thachyani
- Shalom Tzahari
- Daqalon
- Brachah Kohen
- The late Israeli pop singer Ofra Haza
- Tziyon Golan
Ofra Haza (Hebrew: עפרה חזה; November 19, 1957 – February 23, 2000) was a popular Israeli singer, actress and international recording artist. ...
See also Yemenite Jews (×ªÖ¼Öµ×™×žÖ¸× Ö´×™, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄnî; plural ×ªÖ¼Öµ×™×žÖ¸× Ö´×™×, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄnîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄn), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ...
The Sanaani Hebrew language is the variety of Yemenite Hebrew formerly spoken liturgically by the Jewish community in and around Sanaa, Yemen. ...
External links - BIBLICAL HEBREW - Sana'ani Yemenite Pronunciation of Hebrew
- TORAT MOSHA - Information on Yemenite Jews
- Pronunciation Chart page 1
- Pronunciation Chart page 2
- Rabbi Evin Sapir's Account of Yemenite Hebrew
- Hebrew Expressions used by Temanim in conversation
References - Sáenz-Badillos, Angel (1996). A History of the Hebrew Language, trans. John Elwolde, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55634-1.
- S. Morag, 'Pronunciations of Hebrew', Encyclopaedia Judaica XIII, 1120-1145.
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