Yi Hwang
Korean name
Hangul:	이황
Hanja:	李滉
Revised Romanization:	I Hwang
McCune-Reischauer:	Yi Hwang

Yi Hwang(李滉 1501-1570) was one of the two most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, the other being his younger contemporary Yi I (Yulgok). Yi Hwang is often referred to by his pen name Toegye (퇴계; 退溪 "Retreating Creek"). His courtesy name was Gyeongho (경호; 景浩). Image File history File links Yi_Hwang. ... The Korean language (한국어/ì¡°ì„ ì–´, see below) is the official language of both North and South Korea. ... Hangul (Korean: 한글, hangeul) is the native alphabet of the Korean language, as opposed to the non-alphabetic hanja system borrowed from China. ... It has been suggested that Sino-Korean be merged into this article or section. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean (Korean: 국어의 로마자 표기법; 國語의 로마字 表記法) is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism developed in Korea. ... The Joseon Dynasty (also Chosŏn, Hangul: 조선왕조, Hanja: 朝鮮王朝) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ... Yi I (26 December 1536-1584) was one of the two most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, the other being his older contemporary, Yi Hwang (Toegye). ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ... A running stream. ... Cha can also refer to a Latin American dance, also called the Cha-cha-cha. ...

Yi Hwang was born in On'gye-ri (now Dosan), Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, on November 25, 1501. He was a child prodigy. At the age of six, he started to learn the Book of One Thousand letters from an old gentleman in his neighborhood, and at 12 he learned the Analects of Confucius from his uncle, Yi U. At the age of 19, he obtained the two-volume Seongni Taejeon, a great compendium of neo-Confucianism by Hu Guang, and experienced a process of great awakening. He became devoted to Song thought. Andong is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Engraving of Confucius. ... Neo-Confucianism (理學 Pinyin: Lǐxué) is a term for a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang dynasty. ... Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (1130–1200) was a Song Dynasty (960-1279) Confucian scholar who became one of the most significant Neo-Confucians in China. ...

He came to Seoul when he was 23 years old to study at the National Academy, and passed the preliminary provincial Civil Service examination with top honours at the age of 33, continuing his scholarly pursuits whilst working for the Joseon government. Indeed, he continued to work for the government throughout his life, moving through 29 different positions. His integrity made him relentless as he took part in purges of corrupt government officials. In a report to the king following an inspection tour of Chungcheong Province as a royal secret inspector, he ruthlessly condemned a provincial official who, ignoring an order from an honest magistrate, busied himself in illicitly building a fortune by taking possession of government articles. On numerous occasions he was even exiled from the capital for his firm commitment to principle. Seoul (IPA: , (help· info)) is the capital of South Korea (the Republic of Korea) and one of the most populous cities in the world. ...

In 1549 he retired back to his home and lived there until his death. There he began to build the Dosan Seowon, a private Confucian academy offering instruction in the classics and honouring the sages with regular memorial rites. Unfortunately he died in 1570 and never lived to see the opening of his academy, although his students continued to work after his death. Tosan Sowon opened in 1574, and remains in use to this day. Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... Dosan Seowon (alternatively, Tosansowon) was established in 1574 in what is present day Andong, South Korea, in memory of and four years after the death of Confucian scholar Yi Hwang by some of his disciples and other Confucian authorities. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. ...

On his death, Yi Hwang was posthumously promoted to the highest ministerial rank, and his mortuary tablet is housed in a Confucian shrine as well as in the shrine of King Seonjo. He was the author of many books on Confucianism, and he also published a "shijo" collection, a short poetic form popular with the literati of the Choson period. During forty years of public life he served four kings (Junjong, Injong, Myeongjong and Seonjo), and his interpretation of the "li-chi" dualism gained him fame in Korea and beyond. King Seonjo ruled in Korea between 1567 and 1608. ... Former king, during the 14th century, of what is now Korea. ... King Myeongjong of Joseon ruled Korea in the Joseon dynasty. ... King Seonjo ruled in Korea between 1567 and 1608. ...

Toegyero -- a street in central Seoul -- is named after him, and he is depicted on the South Korean 1,000-Won note. The Taekwondo pattern Toi-Gye was named in honor of Yi Hwang. Motto: Broadly bring benefit to humanity (Korean: 널리 인간 세계를 이롭게 하라) Anthem: Aegukga Capital Seoul Largest city Seoul Official language(s) Korean Government President Prime Minister Presidential democracy Roh Moo-hyun Han Myung-sook Establishment - Gojoseon - Declaration of Republic - Liberation - First Republic 2333 BC March 1, 1919 August 15, 1945 August 15, 1948 Area... World Opponent Network or WON was an online gaming service, created by Sierra Games as the Sierra Internet Gaming System (SIGS). ... Taekwondo (also spelled Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do) is the most popular of the Korean martial arts and is the Korean national sport. ... The International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) was founded in 1966 by Major General Choi Hong Hi after his exile from South Korea following his visit of good will to North Korea. ...

His works include:

• The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning (성학십도; 聖學十圖)
• Outline and Explanations of the Works of Zhu Xi (주자서절요; 朱子書節要)
• Commentary on the Scripture of the Heart (심경석의; 心經釋義)
• History of Neo-Confucianism in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties (송계원명이학통록; 宋季元明理學通錄)
• The Four-Seven Debate (사칠속편; 四七續篇): discusses Mencius's philosophy with Ki Taesung

Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (1130–1200) was a Song Dynasty (960-1279) Confucian scholar who became one of the most significant Neo-Confucians in China. ... Neo-Confucianism (理學 Pinyin: Lǐxué) is a term for a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang dynasty. ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ... Ming redirects here – for other uses of this term see Ming (disambiguation) The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ... Mencius (most accepted dates: 372 BC – 289 BC; other possible dates: 385 BC – 303 BC or 302 BC) was born in the State of Zou (鄒國), now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (邹城市), Shandong province, only 30 km (18 miles) south of Qufu, the town of Confucius. ...

Short poem

Here is a short poem by him.

Accidie

Though thunder splits the mountains, Deaf men will not hear And though in the noonday Heaven The sun burns white and clear, Blind men will not see it.

But we, thus eared and eyed, Lack even the lame excuses Infirmities provide.

Translated by Graeme Wilson)

See also

• List of Korea-related topics

This is a list of Wikipedia articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. ...

External links

• Detailed bibliography (in English, Korean encoding needed)
• Photos: portrait and tombstone (in Korean)