Yorkshire
Flag of Yorkshire
Yorkshire within England in 1881
Geography
1831 area	3,669,510 acres (14,850 km²)[1]
1901 area	3,883,979 acres (15,718 km²)[1]
1991 area	2,941,247 acres (11,903 km²)[1]
HQ	York
Chapman code	YKS
History
Origin	Kingdom of Jórvík
Created	In antiquity
Succeeded by	Various
Demography
1831 population - 1831 density	1,371,359[1] 0.37/acre
1901 population - 1901 density	3,512,838[1] 0.9/acre
1991 population - 1991 density	3,978,484[1] 1.35/acre
Subdivisions
Type	Ridings
Units	1 North • 2 West • 3 East

Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Because of its great size, over time functions have increasingly been undertaken by its subdivisions, which have been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes Yorkshire has continued to function as a recognised territory and cultural region.^[2][3] The name is familiar and well-understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use, featuring in the title of current areas of civil administration such as Yorkshire and the Humber. Yorkshire is the name of a traditional county of England. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... one of the traditional counties of England File links The following pages link to this file: Yorkshire Long Sword dance Categories: GFDL images ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... Chapman codes are largely a superset of the ISO 3166-2:GB and BS 6879 codes identifying administrative divisions in the United Kingdom, Ireland and their surrounding islands, but covering historical divisions. ... Jórvík was the Viking name for the English city of York and the kingdom centred there. ... The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. ... For the song by Chamillionaire, see Ridin. In the British Isles since Anglo-Saxon times, a riding is traditionally a sub-division (especially in three) of a county[1]. The term has similar or analogous meanings in other countries. ... numbered map of the three ridings of Yorkshire File links The following pages link to this file: Yorkshire Traditional counties of England Categories: GFDL images ... The North Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three traditional subdivisions of Yorkshire, northern England, United Kingdom. ... The West Riding as an administrative county prior to its abolition in 1974. ... The East Riding of Yorkshire is a local government district with unitary authority status, and a ceremonial county of England. ... The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. ... Northern England, The North or North of England is a rather ill-defined term, with no universally accepted definition. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Cultural region is a term used mainly in the study of geography. ... Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the regions of England. ...

Throughout much of history, Yorkshire has played a prominent role in Great Britain. The Brigantes, who were the largest Celtic Briton tribe held it as their heartland. The Romans made Eboracum, later to be named York, from which the county derives its name, the capital of Britannia Inferior, one of the provinces of Roman Britain.^[4] The area was an independent Viking kingdom known as Jórvík for around a century, before being taken by England. Most of the modern day large cities were founded during the Norman period.^[5] The Brigantes were a British Celtic tribe which lived between Tyne and Humber. ... This article is about the European people. ... Heartland is a most often a geopolitical term, often used to refer to a central area of Eurasia that is remote and inaccessible from the periphery. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... This article is about the English city. ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... Britannia Inferior (Lower Britain) was one of the regions of Roman Britain created in the early third century AD by the Roman Emperor Septimus Severus. ... Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ... For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... In politics, a country (or in some cases, a group of countries) over which a king or queen reigns, is a kingdom, see: monarchy. ... Jórvík was the Viking name for the English city of York and the kingdom centred there. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the Battle of Hastings and the events leading to it. ...

The county covered just under 6,000 square miles (15,000 km²) in 1831^[6] and the modern day Yorkshire and the Humber region has a population of around five million.^[7] Yorkshire is widely considered to be the greenest area in England, due to both the vast rural countryside of the Yorkshire Dales, North York Moors and some of the major cities,^[8][9] this has led to Yorkshire being nicknamed God's Own County.^[10][11] Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the regions of England. ... The historic Blue Marble photograph, which helped bring environmentalism to the public eye. ... The Yorkshire Dales (also known as the Dales) is the name given to an upland area, in Northern England. ... A View of the North York Moors The North York Moors (also known as the North Yorkshire Moors) is a national park in North Yorkshire, England. ...

The emblem of Yorkshire is the White Rose of the House of York, the most common flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background.^[12] Yorkshire Day, held on August 1, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own language.^[13] The White Rose of York (Rosa alba) is the symbol of the House of York and latterly of Yorkshire. ... The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century. ... Yorkshire Day is celebrated on August 1 to promote the English county of Yorkshire as a good place to be born, to live, to work in and to visit. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The culture of Yorkshire has evolved over the countys long history, taking influences from various sets of cultures who have controlled the land throughout its history including the Celts (Brigantes and Parisii), Romans, Angles, Vikings, Normans and much more. ... Yorkshire is a traditional county of England, centred on the county town of York, and was traditionally split into three Ridings. ...

History

Main article: History of Yorkshire

Yorkshire is a traditional county of England, centred on the county town of York, and was traditionally split into three Ridings. ...

Celtic tribes

Early inhabitants of Yorkshire were Celts, who came from two separate tribes, the Brigantes and the Parisii. The Brigantes, who originated in the Alps or Gallaecia, controlled territory which would later become all of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The tribe controlled most of Northern England and more territory than any other Celtic tribe in England.^[14] That they made the Yorkshire area their heartland is evident in that Isurium Brigantum (now known as Aldborough) was the capital town of their territory. Six of the nine Brigantian poleis described by Claudius Ptolemaeus in the Geographia fall within the historic county.^[15][16] The Parisii who controlled the area that would become the East Riding of Yorkshire, are thought to have been related to the Parisii of Lutetia Parisiorum, Gaul (known today as Paris, France).^[17] The Roman conquest of Britain began in 43 AD, however the Brigantes continued control of their kingdom as a client state of Rome for an extended period, reigned over by the Brigantian monarchs Cartimandua and her husband Venutius. Initially, this situation suited both the Romans and the Brigantes who were known as the most militant tribe in Britain.^[18] Diachronic distribution of Celtic peoples:  core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BC  maximal Celtic expansion, by the 3rd century BC  the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period  areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today Celts (pronounced or , see pronunciation... The Brigantes were a British Celtic tribe which lived between Tyne and Humber. ... Alp redirects here. ... Celtic Gallaecia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The North Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three traditional subdivisions of Yorkshire, northern England, United Kingdom. ... The West Riding as an administrative county prior to its abolition in 1974. ... Northern England, The North or North of England is a rather ill-defined term, with no universally accepted definition. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Heartland is a most often a geopolitical term, often used to refer to a central area of Eurasia that is remote and inaccessible from the periphery. ... Isurium Brigantum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. ... Aldborough is a village located in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and lies within the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire. ... A polis (πολις) — plural: poleis (πολεις) — is a city, or a city-state. ... This article is about the geographer, mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy. ... The Geographia is Ptolemys main work besides the Almagest. ... This article is about one of the two Celtic peoples called the Parisii. ... The East Riding of Yorkshire is a local government district with unitary authority status, and a ceremonial county of England. ... Gold coins of the Parisii, 1st century BC, (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris) Coin of the Parisii: obverse with horse, 1st century BC (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris) This article is about Celtic-Gallic people called the Parisii. ... Lutetia (sometimes Lutetia Parisiorum or Lucotecia, in French Lutèce) was a town in pre-Roman and Roman Gaul. ... Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Britain was the target of invasion by forces of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire several times during its history. ... According to the notion of client states, just as a client of a corporation remains dependent on the corporation for a continued supply of products, and just as it is in the companys interest to make expendable products which need to be replaced regularly, client states of the two... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Cartimandua (or Cartismandua, ruled ca. ... Venutius was a 1st century king of the Brigantes in northern Britain at the time of the Roman conquest. ... Praetorian Guards, Roman Soldiers Military has two broad meanings. ...

Roman Yorkshire

Statue of Constantine I outside York Minster.

Queen Cartimandua left her husband for Vellocatus, setting off a chain of events which would change the ownership of the Yorkshire area. Cartimandua, due to her good relationship with the Romans was able to keep control of the kingdom, however her former husband staged rebellions against her and her Roman allies.^[19] At the second attempt Venutius took back the kingdom, but the Romans under general Petillius Cerialis conquered the Brigantes in 71 AD.^[20] Under Roman rule, the high profile of the area continued; the fortified city of Eboracum (now known as York) was named as capital of Britannia Inferior and joint-capital of all Roman Britain.^[21] For the two years before the death of Emperor Septimus Severus, the entire Roman Empire was run from Eboracum by him.^[22] Statue of the roman emperor Constantine File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Statue of the roman emperor Constantine File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[2] (27 February c. ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... York Minster is the largest Gothic cathedral in northern Europe and is situated in the city of York in Northern England. ... Vellocatus was a 1st century king of the Brigantes tribe of northern Britain. ... For other uses, see Rebel (disambiguation) and Rebellion (disambiguation). ... Quintus Petilius Cerialis Caesius Rufus (born around 30 AD) was a Roman general of the 1st century. ... View of the city looking north-east from the city wall, near the railway station. ... This article is about the English city. ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... Britannia Inferior (Lower Britain) was one of the regions of Roman Britain created in the early third century AD by the Roman Emperor Septimus Severus. ... Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ... Emperor Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus, (April 11, 146 - February 4, 211) was Roman emperor from April 9, 193 to 211. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...

A second Emperor Constantius Chlorus died in Yorkshire during a visit in 306 AD, this saw his son Constantine the Great proclaimed Emperor in the city; he would become renowned due to his contributions to Christianity.^[23] In the early 400s the Roman rule ceased with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops, by this stage the Empire was in heavy decline.^[22] However, during the three and a half centuries of Roman rule in Yorkshire they had introduced much to help forward civilisation there, such as; sanitation, irrigation, education, roads, public libraries, cement, bricks, heated baths, coins, art, literature, law, wine, the calendar, glass, shops, public order, cats, various fruits and vegetables (carrots, turnips, apples, peas, cabbage, pears, grapes) and more.^[24] On the reverse of this argenteus struck in Antioch under Constantius Chlorus, the tetrarcs are sacrificing to celebrate a victory against the Sarmatians. ... Constantine. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The Roman departure from Britain was nearly completed by 400. ... For other uses, see Civilization (disambiguation). ... Urban areas require some methods for collection and disposal of sewage. ... Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops. ... For other uses, see Road (disambiguation). ... Librarians and patrons in a typical larger urban public library. ... For other uses, see Cement (disambiguation). ... See also Wikimedia Commons has multimedia related to: Bricks Masonry Brickwork Ceramics Fire brick In role-playing games, a brick is a character whose main useful skill is being able to take a great deal of damage (usually physical damage) and act as a shield for weaker allies. ... Roman public baths in Bath, England. ... This article is about monetary coins. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... For other uses, see Literature (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. ... This article is about the material. ... Retail redirects here. ... In urban planning, the notion of public order refers a city containing relatively empty (and orderly) spaces; which allow for flexibility in redesiging the citys layout; such perceptions played an important role in the establishments of suburbs. ... Cats may refer to: Felines, members of the animal family Felidae The domesticated animal, cat The musical, yeah right, I bet that this was really dumb. ... Binomial name Daucus carota A carrot (Daucus Carota) is a root vegetable, typically orange or white in color with a woody texture. ... Binomial name Brassica rapa L. Subsp. ... For other uses, see Apple (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Pisum sativum A pea (Pisum sativum) is the small, edible round green seed which grows in a pod on a leguminous vine, hence why it is called a legume. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Species Pyrus calleryana P. pyrifolia et al Pears are trees of the genus Pyrus and the edible fruit of that tree. ... Species Vitis acerifolia Vitis aestivalis Vitis amurensis Vitis arizonica Vitis x bourquina Vitis californica Vitis x champinii Vitis cinerea Vitis x doaniana Vitis girdiana Vitis labrusca Vitis x labruscana Vitis monticola Vitis mustangensis Vitis x novae-angliae Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis tiliifolia Vitis...

Second Celtic period and Angles

After the Romans left, small Celtic kingdoms built up in Yorkshire; the Kingdom of Ebrauc around York and more notably the Kingdom of Elmet around West Yorkshire.^[25][26] The Elmet in particular managed to hold out with their Celtic kingdom against the invading Angles for a century and a half, ensuring that the Anglian kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria on either side developed separately. Eventually the Elmet succumbed and became part of the Anglian kingdom of Deira.^[27] It should be noted that, although this period is called the Anglo-Saxon period, it was the Angles (from Angeln) who conquered the North, while the Saxons (from Nordalbingia) conquered the South.^[28] Under Aethelfrith Deira merged with another Anglian kingdom of Bernicia in the early 600s, to form the Kingdom of Northumbria. At its greatest extent, Northumbria stretched from the Irish Sea to the North Sea and from Edinburgh down to Hallamshire in South Yorkshire.^[29] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with York. ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... Elmet is an area close to Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. ... Coat of Arms of South Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, that has a population of 2. ... White cliffs of Dover in England White cliffs of Rugen down the Baltic coast from Schleswig The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestor of Angeln, a modern district located in Schleswig, Germany. ... The Kingdom of Mercia at its greatest extent (7th to 9th centuries) is shown in green, with the original core area (6th century) given a darker tint. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... Deira (perhaps corresponding with the Brythonic kingdom of Ebrauc) was a kingdom in England during the 6th century AD. It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia (Brythonic, Brynaich) to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria. ... For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... Map of Schleswig-Holstein Modern Angeln, also known as Anglia (German: Angeln, Danish: Angel, Latin: Anglia, English: may follow German or Latin), is a peninsula in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, protruding into the Bay of Kiel. ... For other uses, see Saxon (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Æthelfrith (d. ... Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland, and the North-East of England. ... Northumbria is primarily the name of an Anglian or Anglo-Saxon kingdom which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, and of the earldom which succeeded the kingdom. ... Relief map of the Irish Sea. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... Hallamshire (or Hallam) is the historical name for an area of South Yorkshire, England. ...

Kingdom of Jórvík

Main article: Kingdom of Jórvík

Coin from Eric Bloodaxe's reign.

An army of Danish Vikings invaded Northumbrian territory in 886 AD, with what was named by their enemies as the "Great Heathen Army".^[30] The Danes took what is modern day York and renamed it as Jórvík, making it their new capital city of a kingdom under the same name; the area which they took as their kingdom was Southern Northumbria (Yorkshire).^[5] The Danes went on to conquer a large area of England which afterwards became known as the Danelaw, but whereas most of the Danelaw was still English land, albeit in submission to Viking overlords, it was in the Kingdom of Jórvík founded by Halfdan Ragnarsson,^[31] that the only truly Viking territory on mainland Britain was established. Although it was founded by Danes, the kingdom was passed onto Norwegian kings.^[31] Jórvík was the Viking name for the English city of York and the kingdom centred there. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Danish nation is a concept closely connected to 19th century ethnic nationalism. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... The Great Heathen Army, also known as the Great Army, was a Viking army which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century. ... Jórvík was the Viking name for the English city of York and the kingdom centred there. ... Gold: Danelaw The Danelaw, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles also known as the Danelagh, (Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a name given to a part of Great Britain, now northern and eastern England, in which the laws of the Danes[1] held predominance over those of the Anglo... Jórvík was the Viking name for the English city of York and the kingdom centred there. ... Halfdan was one of the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok. ...

Through the Vikings evolving trade, Jórvík was able to trade with the British Isles, North-West Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East.^[32] Eric Bloodaxe, who was the last independent Viking king of Jórvík is a particularly noted figure in history.^[33] After around 100 years of a Norse-Yorkshire kingdom, the Kingdom of Wessex gained control of Yorkshire and the North in general, placing Yorkshire within Northumbria again - which was now an almost-independent earldom, rather than a separate kingdom. The Wessex Kings of England were reputed to have respected the Norse customs in Yorkshire and left law-making in the hands of the local aristocracy.^[34] This article explains the archipelago in north-western Europe. ... North-West Europe is not a well defined term. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Eirik Bloodaxe (Old Norse: Eiríkr blóðøx, Norwegian: Eirik Blodøks), (c. ... Wessex was one of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (the Heptarchy) that preceded the kingdom of England. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... An Earl as a member of the British peerage ranks below a Marquess and above a Viscount. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain...

Norman conquest

In the weeks immediately leading up to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD, Harold II of England was distracted by events in Yorkshire; his brother Tostig and Harold Hardrada King of Norway were attempting a take over bid in the North, they had already won the Battle of Fulford. The King of England marched North and the two armies met at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Tostig and Hardrada were both killed and their army was defeated decisively. However, Harold Godwinson was forced immediately to march his army back down to the South where William the Conqueror was landing. The King was defeated at Hastings and this led to the Norman conquest of England. Belligerents Normans supported by: Bretons (one third of total), Flemings, French Anglo-Saxons, the Þingalið Commanders William of Normandy, Odo of Bayeux Harold Godwinson † Strength 7,400-8,400 (maximum 2,200 cavalry, 1,700 archers, 4,500 men-at-arms) 7,500 (2,000 housecarls, 5,500 fyrd) Casualties... Harold Godwinson (Haraldur Guðinason), or Harold II (c. ... Tostig Godwinson (1026? – September 25, 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon earl of Northumbria and brother of King Harold II of England, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. ... Harald III Haardraade (1015 — September 25, 1066) was the king of Norway from around 1040 together with the son of Olav Haroldsson (St. ... This article is a list of rulers of Norway up until the present, including: The Norwegian kingdom (with the Faroe Islands) The Union with Iceland and Greenland (1262-1814) The Norwegian kingdom (with Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands 1262-1814) The Union of Sweden and Norway (1319-1343) The... Combatants Norwegians Anglo-Saxon English Commanders Harald Hardrada Tostig Morcar of Northumbria and his brother Edwin, Earl of Mercia Strength unknown, possibly 7000 unknown, probably of about equal size to the norwegians Casualties Unknown Unknown On September 20, 1066, King Harald III of Norway and Tostig, his English ally, fought... Combatants Norwegians, Northumbrian rebels, Scots Anglo-Saxon England, the Þingalið Commanders Harald HardrÃ¥de(Harald Hadrada)† Tostig Godwinson† Harold Godwinson Strength Around 7,500 Around 7,000 Casualties Unknown, around 7,000 Unknown, around 2,000 The Battle of Stamford Bridge in England took place on September 25, 1066, shortly... William I ( 1027 – September 9, 1087), was King of England from 1066 to 1087. ... The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the Battle of Hastings and the events leading to it. ...

12th century Cistercian abbey (Fountains Abbey, Studley Royal Park ).

The people of the North rebelled again in September 1069 AD, this time against the Normans, enlisting Sweyn II of Denmark; they tried to take back York but the Normans burnt it before they could.^[35] What followed was the Harrying of the North ordered by William, from York to Durham all crops, domestic animals and farming tools were scorched. Many villages between the towns were burnt and many local Northerners were indiscriminately murdered.^[36] During the winter that followed, whole families starved to death, thousands of peasants died of cold and hunger; Orderic Vitalis put the estimation at "more than 100,000" people from the North dead from hunger.^[37] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Cistercians coat of arms The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin: ), otherwise White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which a black scapular or apron is sometimes worn) is a Roman Catholic order of enclosed monks. ... Bold textTHIS IS THE PAGE THAT A.S. REALLY NEEDS!! THIS IS NOW MARKED!!! ] ps i like A.O. This article is about an abbey as a Christian monastic community. ... Fountains Abbey in North Yorkshire, England, is a ruined Cistercian monastery, founded in 1132. ... Studley Royal Park is a park containing, and developed around, the ruins of the Cistercian Fountains Abbey in North Yorkshire, United Kingdom. ... Coin struck for Sweyn II of Denmark, ca. ... The Harrying (or Harrowing) of the North was a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror, King of England, in the winter of 1069–1070 in order to subjugate the north of his newfound English kingdom (primarily Northumbria and the Midlands) as part of the Norman Conquest of England. ... Durham (IPA: locally, in RP) is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham in North East England. ... For the computer game, see Scorched Earth (computer game). ... Orderic Vitalis (1075 – c. ...

In the centuries following, many abbeys and priories were built in Yorkshire. The Norman landowners were keen to increase their revenues and established new towns such as Leeds, Hull, Sheffield, Barnsley, Doncaster, Scarborough and others. Of the towns founded before the conquest only York, Bridlington and Pocklington carried on at a prominent level.^[38] The population of Yorkshire was booming, until it like the rest of Britain was hit by the Great Famine in the years between 1315 and 1322.^[38] In the early 1300s the people of Yorkshire also had to contest with the Battle of the Standard at Northallerton with the Scots, representing the Kingdom of England led by Archbishop Thurstan of York soldiers from Yorkshire defeated the more numerous Scots.^[39] The Black Death reached Yorkshire by 1349, killing around a third of the entire population.^[38] Bold textTHIS IS THE PAGE THAT A.S. REALLY NEEDS!! THIS IS NOW MARKED!!! ] ps i like A.O. This article is about an abbey as a Christian monastic community. ... A priory is an ecclesiastical circumscription run by a prior. ... For other uses, see Leeds (disambiguation) and Leeds City (disambiguation). ... Hull or Kingston upon Hull is a British city situated on the north bank of the Humber estuary. ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Barnsley (disambiguation). ... For other places with the same name, see Doncaster (disambiguation). ... This article is on the English seaside resort. ... For other uses, see York (disambiguation). ... Bridlington beach, from the North Pier Bridlington is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. ... , Pocklington (pronounced IPA: ) is a small market town and civil parish situated at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, approximately 13 miles east of York. ... From the Apocalypse in a Biblia Pauperum illuminated at Erfurt around the time of the Great Famine. ... The monument on the battlefield at Grid reference SE360977 The Battle of the Standard took place on 22 August 1138 near Northallerton in Yorkshire. ... , Northallerton is a town in North Yorkshire, England. ... Scots may refer to: people from Scotland (i. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... Thurstan, or Turstin (d. ... This article concerns the mid fourteenth century pandemic. ...

Wars of the Roses

For more information: House of York, Wars of the Roses

When King Richard II was overthrown, antagonism between the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both branches of the House of Plantagenet, began to emerge. Eventually the two houses fought in a series of civil wars for the throne of England, commonly known as the Wars of the Roses. Some of the battles took place in Yorkshire, such as those at Wakefield and Towton, the latter of which is known as the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil.^[40] After a long violent struggle, King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster was deposed and imprisoned on 4 March 1461 by his Yorkist cousin and new King of England, Edward IV.^[41] Eight years later hostilities resumed, Edward was forced into exile to Burgundy by Richard Neville and turncoat John Neville as Lancaster's Henry VI was reinstated. The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century. ... Lancaster York For other uses, see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation). ... Richard II (January 6, 1367 – February 14, 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. ... The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century. ... The House of Lancaster is a dynasty of English kings. ... The House of Plantagenet (IPA: ), also called the House of Anjou, or Angevin dynasty was originally a noble family from France, which ruled the County of Anjou. ... This article is about the definition of the specific type of war. ... Lancaster York For other uses, see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation). ... The Battle of Wakefield took place at Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, on December 30, 1460, and was one of the major actions of the Wars of the Roses. ... The Battle of Towton in the Wars of the Roses was the bloodiest ever fought on British soil, with casualties believed to have been in excess of 20,000 (perhaps as many as 30,000) men. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ... is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 2 - Battle of Mortimers Cross - Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales. ... The House of York was a dynasty of English kings. ... Edward IV (April 28, 1442 – April 9, 1483) was King of England from March 4, 1461 to April 9, 1483, with a break of a few months in the period 1470–1471. ... Coat of arms of the second Duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: ; German: ) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks; the former gave their... Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428—April 14, 1471), was also known as Warwick the Kingmaker. ... John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (~1431 - April 14, 1471) was a Yorkist leader in the Wars of the Roses, best-known for eliminating Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV of England. ...

Yorkist king Richard III grew up at Middleham.^[42]

Rose of York.

Edward would return though, landing in Ravenspurn he eventually went on to defeat the House of Lancaster, as Henry VI had no heirs, he was killed to strengthen Yorkist grip on the throne as Edward was restored as King of England. This was generally considered an end to the most significant hostilities, the rest of Edward's reign was peaceful. After Edward IV suddenly died and his 12 year old son Edward V was proclaimed as heir, a political storm erupted; a family named the Woodvilles had found themselves high up the political hierarchy and were in a position to influence the young Yorkist king. This article is about King Richard III of England. ... Middleham Castle, now in the county of North Yorkshire, was build during the 12th century and later came into the hands of the Neville family, the most famous member of which was Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick - the Kingmaker. Under his ownership, improvements to the castle caused it to become... Image File history File links Yorkshire_rose. ... Image File history File links Yorkshire_rose. ... Ravenspurn was an old Yorkshire town in the United Kingdom which was lost due to coastal erosion. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... Edward V (4 November 1470 – 1483?) was the King of England from 9 April 1483 until his deposition two months later. ...

Frictions had developed between Edward IV and the Woodvilles, the family of his wife Elizabeth Woodville, before his death and so Edward IV's brother Richard III (a man who had spent much of his early life at Middleham Castle, Yorkshire),^[42] put the young king in the Tower of London along with his younger brother, they became known as the Princes in the Tower.^[41] Richard III argued that Elizabeth Woodville's marriage to Edward IV was illegal and thus the two boys were illegitimate, Parliament agreed and Richard was crowned King of England; he would prove to be the last Yorkist king.^[41] Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster, then defeated and killed Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field, he then became King Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York daughter of Yorkist Edward IV, ending the wars.^[43] The two roses were combined to form the Tudor Rose.^[a][44] Elizabeth Woodville or Wydville (c. ... This article is about King Richard III of England. ... Middleham Castle, now in the county of North Yorkshire, was build during the 12th century and later came into the hands of the Neville family, the most famous member of which was Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick - the Kingmaker. Under his ownership, improvements to the castle caused it to become... For other uses, see Tower of London (disambiguation) Her Majestys Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is a historic monument in central London, on the north bank of the River Thames. ... The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878, part of the Royal Holloway picture collection The Princes in the Tower, Edward V of England (November 4, 1470 – 1483?) and his brother, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York (17 August 1473 – 1483... The English parliament in front of the King, c. ... Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and is generally acknowledged as one of Englands most successful kings. ... Combatants King Richard III of England, Yorkist Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, Lancastrian Commanders Richard III of England† Earl of Richmond (nominally) Earl of Oxford (in practice) Strength 6,000 (king had 15,500 but Lord Stanley with 4,000 and his brother, Sir William Stanley with 2,500 betrayed... The Tudor Rose: a combination of the Red Rose of Lancaster and the White Rose of York Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), born Henry Tudor, was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... When Henry Tudor took the crown of England from Richard III in battle, he brought about the end of the Wars of the Roses between the House of Lancaster (Red Rose) and the House of York (White Rose). ...

Saints, Civil War and textile industry

The wool industry being centred in West Yorkshire helped a revival in the 16th century. The textile industry in general helped Wakefield and Halifax grow.^[45] Changes were afoot outside of employment after Henry VIII closed some monasteries and so 1536 saw the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion. Due to the Protestant Reformation wider England became a Protestant country, however some of the Catholic contingent in Yorkshire continued to practice their religion and those caught were executed during the reign of Elizabeth I, such as York woman Margaret Clitherow who was later canonised.^[46] For other uses, see Wool (disambiguation). ... Coat of Arms of South Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, that has a population of 2. ... The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design or manufacture of clothing as well as the distribution and use of textiles . ... For other uses, see Wakefield (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Halifax. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... The Pilgrimage of Grace was a popular rising in Northern England in 1536, in protest against Englands break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances. ... Reformation redirects here. ... Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603 ) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. ... Saint Margaret Clitherow (1556 – 1586) is a saint and martyr of the Roman Catholic Church. ... This article discusses the process of declaring saints. ...

Battle of Marston Moor in 1644.

Yorkshire was on divided sides during the English Civil War, which started in 1642 between king and parliament; Hull famously shut the gates of the city on the king when he came to enter the city a few months before fighting began, while the North Riding of Yorkshire in particular was strongly royalist.^[47][48] York was the base for Cavalier royalist supporters, from there the royals captured Leeds and Wakefield only to have them recaptured a few months later. The royalists won the Battle of Adwalton Moor meaning they controlled Yorkshire (with the exception of Hull). From their base in Hull the Roundhead parliamentarians fought back, town by town re-taking Yorkshire until they had won the Battle of Marston Moor and with it control of all North of England.^[49] Leeds and other wool industry centred towns continued to grow, along with Sheffield, Huddersfield and Hull, while coal mining first came into prominence in the West Riding of Yorkshire.^[50] Canals and turnpike roads were introduced in the late 1700s. In the following century the spa towns of Harrogate and Scarborough also flourished, due to people believing mineral water had curing properties.^[51] Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Belligerents Scottish Covenanters, Parliamentarians Royalists Commanders Earl of Leven, Earl of Manchester, Lord Fairfax Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Marquess of Newcastle Strength 22,500+: 7,000+ horse, 500+ dragoons, 15,000+ foot, 30 - 40 guns 17,000: 6,000 horse, 11,000 foot, 14 guns Casualties and losses 300... For other uses, see English Civil War (disambiguation). ... Hull or Kingston upon Hull is a British city situated on the north bank of the Humber estuary. ... The North Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three traditional subdivisions of Yorkshire, northern England, United Kingdom. ... °°°°°°°°°°°→→→→→→→→→→→→§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ Prince Rupert, an archetypical cavalier For other uses, see Cavalier (disambiguation). ... Look up Royalist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Leeds (disambiguation) and Leeds City (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wakefield (disambiguation). ... The Battle of Adwalton Moor was a battle in the English Civil War on 30 June 1643. ... The Roundheads was the nickname given to the supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. ... A parliamentarian is a specialist in parliamentary procedure. ... Belligerents Scottish Covenanters, Parliamentarians Royalists Commanders Earl of Leven, Earl of Manchester, Lord Fairfax Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Marquess of Newcastle Strength 22,500+: 7,000+ horse, 500+ dragoons, 15,000+ foot, 30 - 40 guns 17,000: 6,000 horse, 11,000 foot, 14 guns Casualties and losses 300... The North of England , also the North country or simply The North, is a term which strictly refers to any part of Northern England north of a line from the Humber to the Dee estuaries. ... Surface coal mining in Wyoming in the United States of America. ... The West Riding as an administrative county prior to its abolition in 1974. ... A toll road, turnpike or tollpike is a road on which a toll authority collects a fee for use. ... A spa town is a town frequented, in times past, for health reasons, to take the waters. The name derives from the Belgian town Spa, and in continental Europe, a spa was known as a ville deau (town of water). ... , Harrogate is a large town in North Yorkshire, England. ... In many places, mineral water is often colloquially used to mean carbonated water (which is usually carbonated mineral water, as opposed to tap water). ...

Modern Yorkshire

Main article: History of local government in Yorkshire

The 19th century saw Yorkshire's continued growth, with the population growing and the Industrial Revolution continuing with prominent industries in coal, textile and steel (especially in Sheffield). However, despite the booming industry, living conditions declined in the industrial towns due to overcrowding, this saw bouts of cholera in both 1832 and 1848.^[52] Fortunately for the county, advances were made by the end of the century with the introduction of modern sewers and water supplies. Several Yorkshire railway networks were introduced as railways spread across the country to reach remote areas.^[53] County councils were created for the three ridings in 1889, but their area of control did not include the large towns, which became county boroughs, and included an increasing large part of the population.^[54] A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... Sewers transport wastewater from buildings to treatment facilities. ... Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision