Yoshio Nishina

Yoshio Nishina (仁科芳雄) (1890–1951) was a Japanese physicist. He was a friend of Niels Bohr, and a close associate of Albert Einstein. Nishina was a world-class scientist with excellent leadership qualities. He co-authored the well-known Klein-Nishina Formula, and the Nishina crater on the moon is named in his honor. Yoshio Nishina on a Japanese stamp from 1990. ... Yoshio Nishina on a Japanese stamp from 1990. ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... A physicist is a scientist trained in physics. ... Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (October 7, 1885 – November 18, 1962) was a Danish physicist who made essential contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. ... Albert Einstein, by Yousuf Karsh Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist of Swiss and American citizenship, who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20th century. ... The Klein-Nishina formula provides an accurate prediction of the angular distribution of x-rays and gamma-rays which are incident upon a single electron. ... Nishina is the remnant of a lunar crater named after the Japanese scientist Yoshio Nishina that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. ...

During World War II he was the head of the Japanese atomic program, which was alleged to have detonated a nuclear weapon during testing in 1945. World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb. ... Yoshio Nishina The Japanese atomic program was a program by the Empire of Japan to develop a genzai bakudan, an atomic bomb during World War II. The program started around the same time as the U.S. Manhattan Project. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Nishina was born in Satosho, Okayama. After graduation, he became a staff member at RIKEN. In 1921 he was sent to Europe for research. He visited some European universities and institutions, including Cavendish Laboratory, Georg August University of Göttingen, and University of Copenhagen. In Copenhagen he did research with Niels Bohr and they became good friends. In 1928 he wrote a paper on incoherent or Compton scatter with Oskar Klein in Copenhagen from which Klein-Nishina Formula is derived. Satosho (里庄町; -cho) is a town located in Asakuchi District, Okayama, Japan. ... RIKEN is the largest research institute for natural sciences in Japan. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Cavendish Laboratory is Cambridge Universitys Department of Physics, and is part of the universitys School of Physical Sciences. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... University of Copenhagen The University of Copenhagen (Danish: Københavns Universitet) is the oldest and largest university and research institution in Copenhagen, Denmark. ... City nickname: none Location in Denmark Area  - Total  - Water 526 km² xxx km² xx% Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density 502,204 1,116,979 954/km2 [including water] xxx/km2 [land only] Time zone Eastern: UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 55°43 N 12°34 E Copenhagen (Danish: København) is... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Compton effect, observed by Arthur Compton in 1923, is the increase in wavelength which occurs when photons with energies of around 0. ... The Klein-Nishina formula provides an accurate prediction of the angular distribution of x-rays and gamma-rays which are incident upon a single electron. ...

In the same year he returned to Japan, where he endeavored to foster an environment for the study of quantum mechanics. He invited some Western scholars to Japan including Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac and Bohr to stimulate Japanese physicists. Werner Heisenberg Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 – February 1, 1976) was a celebrated German physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics. ... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, (August 8, 1902 – October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ...

His research was concerned with cosmic rays and particle accelerator development. Cosmic rays can loosely be defined as energetic particles originating outside of the Earth. ... One of the early particle accelerators responsible for development of the atomic bomb. ...

In 1946 he was awarded the Order of Culture by the Emperor of Japan. 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Order of Culture (文化勲章) is a Japanese Order (decoration), established on February 11, 1937. ... Hirohito (April 29, 1901 – January 7, 1989) was the 124th Emperor of Japan who reigned from 1926 to 1989. ...

Reference

• http://www12.plala.or.jp/m-light/Nomenclature.htm (in Japanese)