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You (IPA: /ju/) is the second-person personal pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. You may refer to: You, the English second-person pronoun You (Aretha Franklin album), a 1975 Aretha Franklin album You (single), single released by Ayumi Hamasaki in 1998 You (Joanne song), a song from Joannes debut album Do Not Disturb You (Janet Jackson song), a single from Janet Jackson... ure is Andrew Ure a library River Ure -ure is a suffix that means act, process, or condition: e. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... For other uses, see Point of view (literature). ... Personal pronouns are pronouns often used as substitutes for proper or common nouns. ... The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun, which generally marks the subject of a verb, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... This article is about the English personal pronoun. ... Look up we in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see She (disambiguation). ... Look up they in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up he in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the Modern English personal pronoun. ...

Usage of you

Look up your in
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Look up yours in
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In standard English, you is both singular and plural; it always takes a verb form that originally marked the word as plural, such as you are. This was not always so. Early Modern English distinguished between the plural you and the singular thou. This distinction was lost in modern English due to the importation from France of a Romance linguistic feature which is commonly called the T-V distinction. This distinction made the plural forms more respectful and deferential; they were used to address strangers and social superiors. This distinction ultimately led to familiar thou becoming obsolete in standard English (and Dutch), although this did not happen in other languages such as French. Ironically, the fact that thou is now seen primarily in literary sources such as King James Bible (often as words from God) or Shakespeare (often in dramatic dialogs, e.g. "Wherefore art thou Romeo?") has led many modern anglophones to erroneously perceive it as more formal, not familiar (case in point: in Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back, Darth Vader addresses the Emperor saying, "What is thy bidding, my master?"). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... It has been suggested that Verbal agreement be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Copula (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Thou (disambiguation). ... The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, comprising all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. ... In sociolinguistics, a T-V distinction describes the situation wherein a language has second-person pronouns that distinguish varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, or insult toward the addressee. ... Ironic redirects here. ... Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... This page is about the version of the Bible; for the Harvey Danger album, see King James Version (album). ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Shakespeare redirects here. ... For other uses, see Drama (disambiguation). ... Romeo and Juliet in the famous balcony scene by Ford Madox Brown For other uses, see Romeo and Juliet (disambiguation). ... Movie poster Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back is the sequel to the first released Star Wars movie, and the second film released in the original trilogy. ... Darth Vader is a fictional character in the Star Wars universe. ... Palpatine, (84 BBY - 4 ABY, spirit destroyed 11 ABY) is a fictional character of the Star Wars universe. ...

Because you is both singular and plural, various English dialects have attempted to revive the distinction between a singular and plural you to avoid confusion between the two uses. This is typically done by adding a new plural form; examples of new plurals sometimes seen and heard are y'all/you-all (primarily in the southern United States and African American Vernacular English), you guys (in the U.S., particularly in Midwest, Northeast, and West Coast, and in Australia), youse/youse guys (Scotland, Northern England, Australia, New Zealand, New York City region, Philadelphia, Michigan's Upper Peninsula; also spelt without the E), and you-uns/yinz (Western Pennsylvania, The Appalachians). English spoken in Ireland, known as Hiberno-English, uses the word ye as the plural form, or yous. Although these plurals are useful in daily speech, they are generally not found in Standard English. Among them, you guys is considered most neutral in the U.S.^[1] It is the most common plural form of you in the U.S. except in the dialects with y'all, and has been used even in the White House.^[2] For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... Water tower in Florence, Kentucky featuring the word yall. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Yinz is a second-person plural pronoun used mainly in southwest Pennsylvania, including Pittsburgh, but it is also found throughout the Appalachians. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Standard English is a nebulous term generally used to denote a form of the English language that is thought to be normative for educated users. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...

You is also unusual in that, being both singular and plural, it has two reflexive forms, yourself and yourselves. However, in recent years singular themself is sometimes seen: see singular they. “Oneself” redirects here. ... Many traditional and current uses of distributive constructions in English grammar are broadly described by the term singular they, covering uses of the pronoun they (and its inflected forms) when plurality is not required by the context. ...

Etymology

You is derived from Old English ge or ȝe (both pronounced roughly like Modern English yea), which was the old nominative case form of the pronoun, and eow, which was the old accusative case form of the pronoun. In Middle English the nominative case became ye, and the oblique case (formed by the merger of the accusative case and the former dative case) was you. In early Modern English either the nominative or the accusative forms have been generalized in most dialects. Most generalized you; some dialects in the north of England and Scotland generalized ye, or use ye as a clipped or clitic form of the pronoun. Old English redirects here. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The accusative case (abbreviated ACC) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. ... Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the... The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... In linguistics, a clitic is an element that has some of the properties of an independent word and some more typical of a bound morpheme. ...

Ye and you are cognate with Dutch jij and jou, German ihr, Gothic jus and Old Norse ér. (Modern Icelandic þér is a variant form due to alteration of phrases like háfiþ ér (you have) into háfi þér etc.) The specific form of this pronoun is unique to the Germanic languages, but the Germanic forms ultimately do relate to the general Indo-European forms represented by Latin vos. Look up cognate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gothic is an extinct Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. ... Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ... The Germanic languages are a group of related languages constituting a branch of the Indo-European (IE) language family. ... For other uses, see Indo-European. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

Note that in the early days of the printing press, the letter y was used in place of the thorn (þ), so many modern instances of ye (such as in "Ye Olde Shoppe") are in fact examples of the and not of you. The printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Þþ Thorn, or þorn (Þ, þ), is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets. ... For the pop music band, see The The. ...

Plural forms in other European languages

Similar to English, u in Dutch is taken as a polite form for both plural and singular, while jij (singular) and jullie (plural) are considered informal. (Actually, Dutch lost its original thou form, du, just like English did; the forms U, jij, and jullie are actually more analogous to English you, ye, and y'all respectively). However, Dutch society traditionally values equality, making the use of u come across as somewhat distant and uncomfortable. French has kept the system intact. Vous is still used as formal and plural, while tu is used for informal singular. Russian uses this system also: vy (вы) is formal/plural and ty (ты) is informal singular. This kind of system is also found in other languages, like Finnish and Swedish. In modern Swedish though, the term ni (plural for you) is rarely used to address a single person, not even in formal circumstances. The term used is du (you, singular).

While English, Dutch, French and Russian use or have used the plural forms as the polite forms, other European languages use forms deriving from the third person. German, for example, uses the third person plural pronoun sie, capitalized Sie, as its formal pronoun (in other words, Sie is grammatically identical to They). Danish and Norwegian languages similarly use De. Italian has separate forms for singular (Lei) and plural (Loro), which are derived from the Italian words for she and they respectively; a partial similarity to the German system (especially since the German word for she is also sie, but conjugates differently from Sie). However, sometimes the French system is also used in Italy, using the plural pronoun voi as singular. In Hungarian, te is informal, while there are different, synonymous words for formal (ön and maga being the two most commonly used). For other uses, see Point of view (literature). ...

Spanish and Portuguese use pronouns derived from third person phrases which originally meant your mercy, sir or madam, along with their plural forms. For Spanish, they are usted (pl. ustedes), and for Portuguese, você (pl. vocês), o senhor (pl. os senhores) and a senhora (pl. as senhoras). Você is often employed informally in Brazil, though the original singular pronoun tu is more commonly used in the South, the Northeast and some rural regions (this may be due to foreign influence in some locations), but o senhor, a senhora and their plurals are still used and always formal. In some Spanish speaking areas (especially in Latin America), the original second person singular pronoun tú has been dropped entirely, thus erasing the distinction between formal and informal address. In others, it was replaced with an old form of the second person plural pronoun, vos, now used as an informal counterpart to usted. See voseo. Modified versions of vos, vosotros and vosotras, are still used in Spain as informal second person plural pronouns, while the singular there is still tú, used informally. Portuguese has moved farther away from the original paradigm; the plural pronoun vós has disappeared in Brazil and is no longer used in ordinary speech in Portugal. Countries that feature voseo. ...

References

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Seattle Times is the leading daily newspaper in Seattle, Washington, United States. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• English personal pronouns
• Thou
• Generic you
• Y'all
• Yinz