Young Ireland was an Irish nationalist revolutionary movement, active in the mid-nineteenth century. An Irish nationalist is generally one who seeks (greater) independence of Ireland from Great Britain, including since 1921 the goal of a United Ireland. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

The name Young Ireland, was originally used in a belittling way to describe the group of Repeal Members who gathered around the Nation newspaper. It was first used in this manner by the English press, and later by O’Connell himself in a vindictive attack in Conciliation Hall, home of the Association, of which he later apologized. It came to be adopted by them, and was carried by them with a certain pride in the years ahead,(the name used by them was the Irish Confederation and this only after they were driven from the Association). The Nation, a journal calling for the restoration of Irish self government by the repeal of the Act of Union, was established in 1842 by Charles Gavan Duffy, an experienced young Catholic journalist,Thomas Osborne Davis, a Protestant Barrister, Journalist and a prolific writer of poetry and prose who graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, and John Blake Dillon, also a barrister,writer and graduate of Trinity College. They agreed with Daniel O'Connell and the Repeal Association in its demand for repeal, but split over O'Connell's attempts to from an alliance with the Whig Party in England, which would have led to the dropping of Repeal, as had happened in 1835. O'Connell was not indisposed to use the threat of force, as was seen in his campaign for Catholic Emancipation, but never had the intension or the will. This was shown at the 'Monster meeting' planned for Clontarf. This meeting was banned by the British government, and O'Connell cancelled it rather than risk violence. This removed his credibility with the British - they were only prepared to concede when they believed that there was a serious risk of an uprisings. The Young Irelanders, when members of the Association, never advocated the use of physical force to advance the cause of Repeal, in point of fact, opposed any such policy. Thought the opposite was the belief created by O’Connell when in the Association, he introduced what came to be known as the “Peace Principles.” What they advocated was, that Physical Force could never be justified, regardless of circumstances any were, at any time, and this was to be applies retrospectively. This would have had the effect that the Association rejected the American war of independence, the rebellions of both 1798 and 1803, and also the efforts of the French in deposing their Government and Crown. The use of Physical force only became an issue with the Young Irelanders, after they had left the association, and had formed the Irish Confederation. What caused in the end the adoption of Physical Force, was the unprecedented death and destruction, resulting from both the potato blight, and Government inaction and the clearances of the tenants from the land by landlords. The final impulse came with the crash of the French Revolution, in the year 1848, followed by popular uprisings across Europe which saw both corrupt Governments and Monarchy’s toppled and felled, with the cry of Liberty, Fraternity and Equality. The Nation was an Irish nationalist newspaper, published in the 19th century, co-founded by Thomas Davis and Charles Gavan Duffy, its first editor. ... Act of Union can mean: United Kingdom The Act of Union is a name given to several acts passed by the English, Scottish and British Parliaments from 1536 onwards. ... Charles Gavan Duffy Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, KBE, KCMG (12 April 1816 - 9 February 1903) Irish nationalist and Australian colonial politician, was the 8th Premier of Victoria and one of the most colourful figures in Victorian political history. ... Thomas Osborne Davis (October 14, 1814 - September 16, 1845) was Irish writer and politician who was the chief organizer and poet of the Young Ireland movement. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... John Blake Dillon (1816 - September 15, 1866) was an Irish writer and Politician who was one of the founding members of the Young Ireland movement. ... A number of educational institutions carry the name Trinity College, some independent, others constituent colleges of a larger university. ... Daniel OConnell Daniel OConnell (6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847) (Irish: Dónal Ó Conaill), known as The Liberator or The Emancipator, was Irelands predominant political leader in the first half of the nineteenth century who championed the cause of the down-trodden Catholic population. ... Daniel OConnell set up the Repeal Association in 1840 to campaign for the Repeal of the Act of Union. ... Clontarf (Cluain Tarbh in Irish) is an area north of Dublin city, Ireland. ... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to...

1848 Uprising

William Smith O'Brien, the leader of the Young Ireland Party, having to choose between armed resistance or an ignominious flight launched an attempted rebellion in July 1848, in immediate response to British repression and the introduction of martial law. Opposed by some of the Catholic clergy, who had been consistently hostile to Young Ireland and the Irish Confederation, O'Brien's failure to capture a party of police barricaded in widow McCormack's house, who were holding her children as hostages, marked the effective end of the revolt. Though intermittent resistance continued till late 1849, O'Brien and his colleagues were quickly arrested. Originally sentenced to death, they were later commuted to transportation to Van Diemen's Land, where they joined John Mitchel. William Smith OBrien (born Dromoland, Ireland, October 17, 1803; died Bangor, Wales, June 18, 1864) was an Irish Nationalist and MP and leader of the Young Ireland movement. ... The Irish Confederation was an Irish nationalist independence movement, established on January 13, 1847 by members of the Young Ireland movement who had seceded from the Repeal Association. ... John Mitchel John Mitchel (November 3, 1815 – March 20, 1875) was an Irish nationalist activist and political journalist, and also became a public voice for the pro-slavery viewpoint in the United States in the 1850s and 1860s before ending up elected to the British House of Commons, only to...

Reasons for failure

The time was probably not ripe for rebellion—the majority of the Irish were still in the throws of the devastating effects of the Potato Blight, and were in no condition for an armed uprising. Moreover, O'Brien, a social conservative, put to much effort in trying to enlist the support of Landlords, and not having enough confidence in the peasant majority. This was not helped by the hostility of some in the Catholic Church, who opposed insurrection and disliked the Republican tone of the leadership, such as that Mitchel had advocated.For a detailed account of the 1848 uprising Michael Doheny’s “The Felon’s Track” is one of the most authentic. Bridget ODonnell and her two children during the famine The Great Famine or the Great Hunger (Irish: An Gorta Mór or An Drochshaol), known more commonly outside of Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine, is the name given to a famine in Ireland between 1845 and 1849. ... In a detail of Brueghels Land of Cockaigne (1567) a soft-boiled egg has little feet to rush to the luxuriating peasant who catches drops of honey on his tongue, while roast pigs roam wild: in fact, hunger and harsh winters were realities for the average European in the... The Catholic Church in Ireland is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. ...

See also

• Famine Rebellion of 1848
• History of Ireland (1801-1922)
• Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)
• Kevin Izod O'Doherty
• Patrick O'Donoghue
• James Fintan Lalor
• Terence MacManus
• John Martin
• Thomas Francis Meagher
• Thomas Devin Reilly

The Young Irelander Rebellion (some times called Famine Rebellion of 1848 as it took place during the Great Irish Famine) was a failed uprising of the Young Ireland political movement, which took place on July 29, 1848 in the village of Ballingarry in the Republic of Ireland (at that time... From 1801 to 1922 the whole island of Ireland formed a constituent part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK). ... Bridget ODonnell and her two children during the famine The Great Famine or the Great Hunger (Irish: An Gorta Mór or An Drochshaol), known more commonly outside of Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine, is the name given to a famine in Ireland between 1845 and 1849. ... Kevin Izod ODoherty (September 7, 1823 - July 15, 1905) was an Irish Australian politician. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... James Fintan Lalor (March 10, 1807–December 27, 1849) was an Irish radical journalist and revolutionary. ... Terence Bellew MacManus (Born probably County Fermanagh, 1811; died San Francisco, January 15 1861). ... John Martin (September 8, 1812–March 29, 1875) was an Irish nationalist activist who progressed from early militant support for Young Ireland and Repeal, to non-violent alternatives such as support for tenants rights and eventually as the first Home Rule MP, for Meath 1871-1875. ... Thomas Francis Meagher aka: OMeagher, or Meagher of the Sword (August 3, 1823 – July 1, 1867) was an Irish revolutionary, who also served in the United States Army as a Brigadier General during the U.S. Civil War. ... Thomas Devin Reilly (1823 - March 5, 1854) was an Irish revolutionary, Young Irelander and journalist. ...

External links

• Young Ireland from the Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions