NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Yoweri Museveni

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (born c. 1944,^[1] Ntungamo, Uganda^[2]) has been the President of Uganda since January 29, 1986. Image File history File links Yoweri_Museveni. ... The President of Uganda is the head of state in Uganda. ... For the ecclesiastical office, see Incumbent (ecclesiastical). ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya (born May 1949) has been Vice-President of Uganda since 23 May 2003. ... Tito Okello (1914 - June 3, 1996) was the leader of Uganda from July 1985 until January 1986. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Ntungamo is a district in Uganda. ... The National Resistance Movement is a political organization in Uganda. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Born again is a term used originally and mainly in Christianity, where it is associated with salvation, conversion and spiritual rebirth. ... Ntungamo is a district in Uganda. ... The President of Uganda is the head of state in Uganda. ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Museveni was involved in the war that toppled Idi Amin's (1971–79) rule and the rebellion that subsequently led to the demise of Milton Obote's (1980–85) regime. With the notable exception of northern areas, Museveni has brought relative stability and economic growth to a country that has endured decades of government mismanagement, rebel activity and civil war. His tenure has also witnessed one of the most effective national responses to HIV/AIDS in Africa. Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]â€“16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... Obote pictured at the beginning of his second regime in 1980 Apollo Milton Obote (December 28, 1924, Apac, Uganda â€“ October 10, 2005, Johannesburg, South Africa), Prime Minister of Uganda 1962-1966 and President of Uganda 1966-1971/1980-1985, was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

In the mid to late 1990s, Museveni was lauded by the West as part of a new generation of African leaders. His presidency has been marred, however, by involvement in civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and other Great Lakes region conflicts. Rebellion in the north of Uganda continues to perpetuate one of the world's worst humanitarian emergencies. Recent developments, including the abolition of Presidential term limits before the 2006 elections and the harassment of democratic opposition, have attracted concern from domestic commentators and the international community. The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: little more than a dictionary definition If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ... Combatants Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Mai-Mai, Hutu-aligned forces Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Movement for the Liberation of Congo Congolese Rally for Democracy Tutsi-aligned forces Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila (Congo), Joseph Kabila (Congo), Sam Nujoma Robert Mugabe JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Idriss D... The Great Lakes of Africa are a series of lakes in and around the Great Rift Valley. ... Combatants Uganda Peoples Defence Force Lords Resistance Army Commanders Yoweri Museveni Joseph Kony The Lords Resistance Army (LRA),[1] formed in 1987, is a rebel guerrilla army operating mainly in northern Uganda and parts of Sudan. ...

Early life and career (1944–72)

Born in Ntungamo in western Uganda, Museveni is a member of the Nyankole ethnic group. He was given his surname, Museveni, which means "Son of a man of the Seventh", in honor of the Seventh Battalion of the King's African Rifles, the British colonial army in which many Ugandans served during World War II. His middle name was adopted from his father, Amos Kaguta, a cattle herder whom his mother, Esteri Kokundeka, married in Ntungamo. Amos Kaguta is also the father of Museveni's brother Caleb Akandwanaho, popularly known in Uganda as "Salim Saleh",^[3] and sister Violet Kajubiri.^[4] Image File history File links Map of Uganda showing Ntungamo District; created with the GIMP. Made by User:Acntx. ... Image File history File links Map of Uganda showing Ntungamo District; created with the GIMP. Made by User:Acntx. ... Ntungamo is a district in Uganda. ... Ntungamo is a district in Uganda. ... Ankole, originally known as Nkore, is one of the four traditional kingdoms of Uganda. ... The Kings African Rifles (KAR) was a British colonial regiment in East Africa from 1902 until the independence of the various colonies in the 1960s. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Caleb Akandwanaho (14 January 1960-), popularly known as Salim Saleh, is a general in the UPDF, the armed forces of Uganda. ... Dr. Violet Kajubiri Froelich is the General Secretary of the Wildlife Clubs of Uganda. ...

Museveni attended the Kyamate elementary school, Mbarara High School, and Ntare School. It was while at high school that he became a born again Christian. In 1967, he went to the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. There, he studied economics and political science and became an unreconstructed Marxist, involving himself in radical pan-African politics. While at university, he formed the University Students' African Revolutionary Front activist group and led a student delegation to FRELIMO territory in Portuguese Mozambique, where he received guerrilla training. Studying under the leftist Walter Rodney, among others, Museveni wrote his senior thesis on the applicability of Frantz Fanon's revolutionary violence to postcolonial Africa.^[5] Mbarara High School is a boys secondary school in Mbarara, western Uganda. ... Ntare School is a residential boys secondary school located in Mbarara District, western Uganda. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The word evangelicalism often refers to... The University of Dar es Salaam is a university in the Tanzanian city of Dar es Salaam. ... Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political Science is the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. ... Unreconstructed Marxism generally refers to Marxists who do not accomodate themselves to the fact that the Cold War was lost by the former Soviet Union. ... Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ... Former USARF members Yoweri Museveni (left) and John Garang (right) would go on to lead their countries. ... The Liberation Front of Mozambique (better known under its abbreveration FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de LibertaÃ§Ã£o de MoÃ§ambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... Walter Rodney (March 23, 1942 - June 13, 1980) was a prominent Guyanese historian and political figure. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In 1970, Museveni joined the intelligence service of Ugandan President Milton Obote. When Major General Idi Amin seized power in a military coup in January 1971, Museveni fled to Tanzania with other exiles, including the deposed president. The power bases of Amin and Obote were very different, leading to a significant ethnic and regional aspect to the resulting conflict. Obote was from the Lango ethnic group of the central north, while Amin was a Kakwa from the northwestern corner of the country. The British colonial government had organized the colony's internal politics so that the Lango and Acholi dominated the national military, while people from southern parts of the country were active in business. This situation endured until the coup, when Amin filled the top positions of government with Kakwa and Lugbara and violently repressed the Lango and their Acholi allies.^[6] Military intelligence (abbreviated MI, int. ... Obote pictured at the beginning of his second regime in 1980 Apollo Milton Obote (December 28, 1924, Apac, Uganda â€“ October 10, 2005, Johannesburg, South Africa), Prime Minister of Uganda 1962-1966 and President of Uganda 1966-1971/1980-1985, was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in... Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]â€“16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... The 1971 Ugandan coup dÃ©tat was a military coup dÃ©tat executed by the Ugandan military, led by General Idi Amin, against the government of President Milton Obote on 25 January 1971. ... The Lango (plural Langi) people live in the central area of Uganda, north of Lake Kyoga. ... The Kakwa are a tribe situated in northwestern Uganda, southern Sudan, and northeastern Zaire, from Nilotic origin. ... Acholiland, Uganda Acholi (also Acoli) are the people of the districts of Gulu, Kitgum Pader (known as Acholiland) in northern Uganda, and Magwe County in southern Sudan. ... Lugbara is a Ugandan tribe who speak central Sudanic language. ...

FRONASA and the toppling of Amin (1972–80)

The exile forces were so not so opossed to that kiddo opposed to Amin, who were predominantly Lango and Acholi, invaded Uganda from Tanzania in September 1972 and were repelled, suffering heavy losses. The situation of the rebels was compounded by a peace agreement signed later in the year by Tanzania and Uganda, in which rebels were denied the use of Tanzanian soil for aggression against Uganda.^[7] Museveni briefly worked as a lecturer at a co-operative college in Moshi, in northern Tanzania, before breaking away from the mainstream opposition and forming the Front for National Salvation (FRONASA) in 1973.^[8] In August of the same year, he married Janet Kataha, a former secretary and airline stewardess with whom he would have four children. View on Kilimanjaro from Moshi. ... The Front for National Salvation (FRONSA) was a Ugandan rebel group formed by Yoweri Museveni in 1973. ... Janet Museveni is the First Lady of Uganda. ...

In October 1978, President Idi Amin ordered the invasion of Tanzania in order to claim the Kagera province for Uganda. From 24 to 26 March 1979, Museveni and FRONASA attended a gathering of exiles and rebel groups in the northern Tanzanian town of Moshi. Overcoming ideological differences, for the time being at least, the various groups established the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF). Museveni was appointed to an 11-member Executive Council, chaired by Yusuf Lule. This was accompanied by a National Consultative Council (NCC) with one member for each of the 28 groups represented at the meeting. The UNLF joined forces with the Tanzanian army to launch a counter-attack which culminated in the toppling of the Amin regime in April 1979. Museveni was named the new Minister of State for Defence in the new UNLF government. He was the youngest minister in Yusuf Lule's administration. The thousands of troops which Museveni recruited into FRONASA during the war were incorporated into the new national army. They retained their loyalty to Museveni, however, and would be crucial in later rebellions against the second Obote regime. Image File history File links Uganda-Amin-10-Shillings-cr. ... Image File history File links Uganda-Amin-10-Shillings-cr. ... Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]â€“16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... Combatants Uganda Libya Tanzania Peoples Defence Force & Uganda National Liberation Army Commanders Idi Amin Tanzanian army: Julius Nyerere UNLF: Tito Okello, Yoweri Museveni, David Oyite-Ojok Strength 3,000 Libyans, unknown number of Ugandan Army troops 100,000 Tanzanians, unknown number of Ugandan resistance troops, unknown number of Rwandan... Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]â€“16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... Kagera is the northern province of Tanzania. ... View on Kilimanjaro from Moshi. ... Yusuf Lule was the original chairman of the UNLF. Godfrey Binaisa was the second leader of the UNLF. The Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) was a political group formed by exiled Ugandans opposed to the rule of Idi Amin with an accompanying military wing, the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). ... Yusuf Lule (1912 - 1985) was a Ugandan political figure. ...

The NCC selected Godfrey Binaisa as the new chairman of the UNLF after infighting led to the deposition of Yusuf Lule in June 1979. Machinations to consolidate power continued with Binaisa in a similar manner to his predecessor. In November, Museveni was reshuffled from the Ministry of Defence to the Ministry of Regional Cooperation, with Binaisa himself taking over the key defence role. In May 1980, Binaisa himself was placed under house arrest after an attempt to dismiss Oyite Ojok, the army chief of staff – in what was a de facto coup led by Paulo Muwanga, Yoweri Museveni, Oyite Ojok and Tito Okello. A Presidential Commission, with Museveni as Vice-Chairman, was installed and quickly announced plans for a general election in December. Godfrey Binaisa Godfrey Lukongwa Binaisa QC (born 30 May 1920), lawyer, former President of Uganda and Attorney General in the post independent government of Uganda of the 1960s. ... Oyite Ojok David Oyite Ojok (April 15, 1940 â€“ December 2, 1983) was a Ugandan Major General who held one of the command leadership positions in the coalition between Uganda National Liberation Army and Tanzania Peoples Defence Force that removed Idi Amin in 1979. ... Paulo Muwanga was, as the chairman of the governing Military Commission, the de-facto President of Uganda for a few days in May 1980 until the establishment of the Presidential Commission of Uganda. ... Tito Okello (1914 - June 3, 1996) was the leader of Uganda from July 1985 until January 1986. ... The Presidential Commission of Uganda, composed of Saulo Musoke, Polycarp Nyamuchoncho and Yoweri Hunter Wacha-Olwol, jointly held the office of President of Uganda between 22 May and 15 December 1980. ...

Now a relatively well-known national figure, Museveni established a new political party, the Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM), which he would lead in the elections. He would be competing against three other political groupings: the Uganda People's Congress (UPC), led by former president Milton Obote; the Conservative Party (CP); the Democratic Party (DP). The main contenders were seen to be the UPC and DP. The official results declared UPC the winner with Museveni's UPM gaining only one of the 126 available seats. A number of irregularities compromised the credibility of the poll. In the planning of the election, the leader of the ruling commission, Paulo Muwanga, supported the UPC's view that each candidate should have a separate ballot box. This was fiercely opposed by the other parties, which maintained that it would make the poll easier to manipulate. The configuration of political boundaries may also have aided the UPC. Constituencies in generally pro-UPC northern Uganda contained proportionally less voters than the anti-UPC Buganda, giving more power to Obote's party. Suspicions of fraud were compounded by Muwanga's announcement on the day of the election that all results should be cleared by him before they were announced publicly. The losing parties refused to recognise the legitimacy of the new regime, citing widespread electoral irregularities. The Uganda Patriotic Movement is a political party in Uganda. ... The Uganda Peoples Congress is a political party in Uganda. ... Obote pictured at the beginning of his second regime in 1980 Apollo Milton Obote (December 28, 1924, Apac, Uganda â€“ October 10, 2005, Johannesburg, South Africa), Prime Minister of Uganda 1962-1966 and President of Uganda 1966-1971/1980-1985, was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in... The Conservative Party is a political party in Uganda. ... The Democratic Party is a moderate conservative political party in Uganda. ... Paulo Muwanga was, as the chairman of the governing Military Commission, the de-facto President of Uganda for a few days in May 1980 until the establishment of the Presidential Commission of Uganda. ... The flag of Buganda Buganda is the kingdom of the 52 clans of the Baganda people, the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. ...

The war in the bush (1981–86)

Combatants Uganda National Liberation Front (The national army of Uganda) National Resistance Army (guerilla rebels) Commanders Milton Obote General Oyite-Ojok Brigadier Opon Acak Brigadier Olara-Okello Yoweri Museveni Salim Saleh Steven Kashaka Joram Mugume Pecos Kuteesa Fred Rwigema The war in the bush (also known as the Luwero War...

Obote II and the National Resistance Army

Museveni returned with his supporters to their rural strongholds in the Bantu-dominated south and southwest to form the Popular Resistance Army (PRA). There they planned a rebellion against the second Obote regime, popularly known as "Obote II", and its armed forces, the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). The insurgency began with an attack on an army installation in the central Mubende district on 6 February 1981. The PRA later merged with former president Yusufu Lule's fighting group, the Uganda Freedom Fighters (UFF), to create the National Resistance Army (NRA) with its political wing, the National Resistance Movement (NRM). Two other rebel groups, the Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF) and Former Uganda National Army (FUNA), formed in West Nile from the remnants of Amin's supporters and engaged Obote's forces.^[9] The President of Uganda is the head of state in Uganda. ... This is a list of vice presidents of Uganda. ... Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya (born May 1949) has been Vice-President of Uganda since 23 May 2003. ... The Prime Minister is the Ugandan head of government. ... Apolo Nsibambi (born 1938) is the current prime minister of Uganda, a position he has held since 5 April 1999. ... The National Assembly of Uganda has 292 members. ... Political parties in Uganda details political parties in Uganda. ... Uganda provides national elections for a president and a legislature. ... The Ugandan general election of 2006 is scheduled to take place in March. ... Uganda is divided into 56 districts, listed below. ... Counties of Uganda The Districts of Uganda are divided into approximately 163 counties. ... A Local Council (LC, formerly Resistance Council -RC) is a form of local elected government within the districts of Uganda. ... Uganda continues to experience difficulty in advancing respect for human rights. ... Uganda is landlocked and depends on foreign imports for most of its consumer goods and energy requirements. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... The Popular Resistance Army was a rebel group formed in 1980 by Yoweri Museveni to fight against the regime of Milton Obote. ... UNLA (Uganda National Liberation Army) is the military arm of the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF). ... Mubende is a district in central Uganda. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Yusufu Kironde Lule (1912 - 1985) was President of Uganda for a short period in 1979. ... The Uganda Freedom Fighters (UFF) were a Ugandan rebel group led by former president Yusufu Lule. ... The National Resistance Army (NRA) began as a guerilla army of Uganda in the 1980s, led by Yoweri Museveni. ... The National Resistance Movement is a political organization in Uganda. ... The Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF), refers to two former armed rebel groups in Ugandas West Nile sub-region that first opposed, then became incorporated into the Ugandan government. ... West Nile sub-region (previously known as West Nile District) is a region in north-eastern Uganda that consists of the districts of Koboko, Moyo, Yumbe and Arua. ...

The NRM/A developed a "Ten-point Programme" for an eventual government, covering democracy, security, consolidation of national unity, defending national independence, building an independent, integrated and self-sustaining economy, improvement of social services, elimination of corruption and misuse of power, redressing inequality, cooperation with other African countries and a mixed economy.^[10]

By July 1985, Amnesty International estimated that the Obote regime had been responsible for more than 300,000 civilian deaths across Uganda, although the CIA World Factbook puts the number at over 100,000.^[11] The human rights organisation had made several representations to the government to improve its appalling human rights record from 1982. Abuses were particularly conspicuous in an area of central Uganda known as the Luwero Triangle. Reports from Uganda during this period brought international criticism to the Obote regime and increased support abroad for Museveni's rebel force. Within Uganda, the brutal suppression of the insurgency aligned the Buganda, the most numerous of Uganda's ethnic groups, with the NRA against the UNLA, which was seen as being dominated by northerners, especially the Lango and Acholi. Until his death in 2005, Milton Obote blamed the Luwero abuses on the NRA. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a pressure group that promotes human rights. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Obote pictured at the beginning of his second regime in 1980 Apollo Milton Obote (December 28, 1924, Apac, Uganda â€“ October 10, 2005, Johannesburg, South Africa), Prime Minister of Uganda 1962-1966 and President of Uganda 1966-1971/1980-1985, was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in...

1985 Nairobi Agreement

Main article: Nairobi Agreement, 1985 Image File history File links NairobiAgreement1985. ... Image File history File links NairobiAgreement1985. ... Tito Okello (1914 - June 3, 1996) was the leader of Uganda from July 1985 until January 1986. ... Yoweri Museveni and Tito Okello signing the fated peace deal. ...

On 27 July 1985, subfactionalism within the UPC government led to a successful military coup against Obote by his former army commander, Lieutenant-General Tito Okello, an Acholi. Museveni and the NRM/A were angry that the revolution for which they had fought for four years had been "hijacked" by the UNLA, which they viewed as having been discredited by gross human rights violations during Obote II.^[12] Despite these reservations, however, the NRM/A eventually agreed to peace talks presided over by a Kenyan delegation headed by President Daniel Arap Moi. is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... The Uganda Peoples Congress is a political party in Uganda. ... Tito Okello (1914 - June 3, 1996) was the leader of Uganda from July 1985 until January 1986. ... Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (born September 2, 1924) was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002. ...

The talks, which lasted from 26 August to 17 December, were notoriously acrimonious and the resultant ceasefire broke down almost immediately. The final agreement, signed in Nairobi, called for a ceasefire, demilitarisation of Kampala, integration of the NRA and government forces, and absorption of the NRA leadership into the Military Council.^[13] These conditions were never met. is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Nairobi (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. ... Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. ...

The prospects of a lasting agreement were limited by several factors, including the Kenyan team's lack of an in-depth knowledge of the situation in Uganda and the exclusion of relevant Ugandan and international actors from the talks, inter alia. In the end, Museveni and his allies refused to share power with generals they did not respect, not least while the NRA had the capacity to achieve an outright military victory.

The push for Kampala

While supposedly involved in the peace negotiations, Museveni had courted General Mobutu of Zaire in an attempt to forestall the involvement of Zairean forces in support of Okello's military junta. On 20 January 1986, however, several hundred troops loyal to Idi Amin were accompanied into Ugandan territory by the Zairean military. The forces intervened in the civil conflict following secret training in Zaire and an appeal from Okello ten days previously.^[14] Mobutu's support for Okello was a score Museveni would settle years later, ordering Ugandan forces into the conflict which would finally topple the Zairean leader. Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko in the 1960s sporting his trademark leopardskin toque and glasses. ... Combatants AFDL, Uganda, Rwanda Zaire Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko Casualties Civilians killed: 200,000+ The First Congo War was a conflict from late 1996 to 1997 in which Zairean President Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko was overthrown by rebel forces backed by foreign powers such as...

By this stage, however, the NRA had developed an unstoppable momentum. By 22 January, government troops in Kampala had begun to quit their posts en masse as the rebels gained ground from the south and south-west.^[15] On the 25th, the Museveni-led faction finally overran the capital. The NRA toppled Okello's government and declared victory the next day. Image File history File links Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda on January 29, 1986 Source: Â© William Campbell/CORBIS [1] Fair use rationale This image is historically significant and is not reproducable by any other means. ... Image File history File links Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda on January 29, 1986 Source: Â© William Campbell/CORBIS [1] Fair use rationale This image is historically significant and is not reproducable by any other means. ...

Museveni was sworn in as president three days later on 29 January. "This is not a mere change of guard, it is a fundamental change," said Museveni after a ceremony conducted by British-born chief justice Peter Allen. Speaking to crowds of thousands outside the Ugandan parliament, the new president promised a return to democracy and said: "The people of Africa, the people of Uganda, are entitled to a democratic government. It is not a favour from any regime. The sovereign people must be the public, not the government."^[16]

Museveni in power (1986–96)

Image File history File links President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda meets with President Ronald Reagan at the White House, October 1987. ... Image File history File links President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda meets with President Ronald Reagan at the White House, October 1987. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...

Political and economic regeneration

The post-Amin regimes in Uganda were characterised by corruption, factionalism and an inability to restore order and acquire popular legitimacy. Museveni needed to avoid repeating these mistakes if his new government was not to befall the same fate. The NRM declared a four-year interim government, composing a broader ethnic base than its predecessors. The representatives of the various factions were nevertheless hand-picked by Museveni. The sectarian violence which had overshadowed Uganda's recent history was put forward as a justification for restricting the activities of the political parties and their ethnically distinct supporter bases. The non-party system did not prohibit political parties, but prevented them from fielding candidates directly in elections. The so-called "Movement" system, which Museveni said claimed the loyalty of every Ugandan, would be a cornerstone in politics for nearly twenty years. Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]â€“16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... Sectarianism refers (usually pejoratively) to a rigid adherence to a particular sect or party or religious denomination. ... Non-partisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections (by secret ballot) take place without reference to political parties or even the speeches, campaigns, nominations, or other apparatus commonly associated with democracy. ...

A system of Resistance Councils, directly elected at the parish level, was established to manage local affairs, including the equitable distribution of fixed-price commodities. The election of Resistance Councils representatives was the first direct experience many Ugandans had with democracy after many decades of varying levels of authoritarianism, and the replication of the structure up to the district level has been credited with helping even people at the local level understand the higher-level political structures. Resistance Councils were established in Uganda from 1986. ...

The new government enjoyed widespread international support, and the economy that had been damaged by the civil war began to recover as Museveni initiated economic policies designed to combat key problems such as hyperinflation and the balance of payments. Abandoning his Marxist ideals, Museveni embraced the neoliberal structural adjustments advocated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Certain figures in this article use scientific notation for readability. ... The balance of payments is a measure of the payments that flow from one exports and imports of goods, services, and financial capital, as well financial transfers. ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

Uganda began participating in an IMF Economic Recovery Program (ERP) in 1987. Its objectives included the restoration of incentives in order to encourage growth, investment, employment and exports; the promotion and diversification of trade with particular emphasis on export promotion; the removal of bureaucratic constraints and divestment from ailing public enterprises so as to enhance sustainable economic growth and development through the private sector; the liberalisation of trade at all levels.^[17]

Regional relations and conflict

After January 1986, Museveni continued in his role as Commander-in-Chief of the NRA. The Kenyan government of Daniel arap Moi was initially suspicious of the new NRM government's alleged support for Kenyan dissident groups. Tensions culminated in a non-violent military standoff at Busia on the Kenya-Uganda border in late 1987. Any closure of borders with Kenya would have been extremely damaging to landlocked Uganda's economy, whose access to the Indian Ocean via the port at Mombasa depends upon Kenya. This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (born September 2, 1924) was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002. ... Busia is a town on the Kenya-Uganda border in Busia District, Kenya and Busia District, Uganda. ... bumbasa is the second largest city in Kenya, lying on the Indian Ocean. ...

During their guerrilla war against the government of Milton Obote, the National Resistance Army recruited anyone who was willing to fight, regardless of nationality. Persecution at the hands of the Obote regime encouraged many Rwandan exiles living in Uganda to join the ranks of the NRA. Several years into the Museveni government, the Ugandan army still had several thousand Rwandans on its payroll. On the night of 30 September 1990, 4,000 Rwandan members of the NRA left their barracks in secrecy, joining other forces to invade Rwanda from Ugandan territory. It transpired that the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) was operating a large membership within the NRA using a clandestine cell structure. Obote pictured at the beginning of his second regime in 1980 Apollo Milton Obote (December 28, 1924, Apac, Uganda â€“ October 10, 2005, Johannesburg, South Africa), Prime Minister of Uganda 1962-1966 and President of Uganda 1966-1971/1980-1985, was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in... The Rwandese Patriotic Front or Rwandan Patriotic Front, abbreviated as RPF (also often referred to as FPR from French: Front patriotique rwandais), is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame. ... A covert cell structure is a method for organizing undercover or unconventional fighters against a large and well-established organization. ...

The RPF was a movement of Rwandan exiles opposed to the government of Juvénal Habyarimana who were linked to Museveni and the NRM. RPF leaders included Fred Rwigema and Paul Kagame, both Rwandan exiles and founder members of the NRM. During the initial stages of the invasion, Museveni and Habyarimana were both attending a UN summit in the United States. It has been claimed that the date for the RPF mobilisation was set to allow Museveni to distance himself from their actions until it was too late to stop them. The Rwandan army managed to expel the invasion only after extensive reinforcement from Belgium, France and Zaire. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda and the founder of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Museveni was blamed for complicity in the September 1990 invasion and/or not having control of his army. The RPF melted away into the Virunga Mountains straddling the Rwanda-Uganda border. The Habyarimana government accused Uganda of allowing the RPF to use its territory as a rear base, responding by shelling Ugandan villages on the border. Uganda is widely believed to have returned fire, which would probably have protected RPF positions. These exchanges forced more than 60,000 from their homes. Despite the negotiation of a security pact, in which both countries agreed to cooperate in maintaining security along their common border, a resurgent RPF had occupied much of the northern territory of Rwanda by 1992. The Virunga Mountains are a chain of volcanoes in East Africa, along the northern border of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda. ...

In April 1994, a plane carrying President Habyarimana of Rwanda and President Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi was shot down over Kigali airport. This precipitated the Rwandan genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people perished. The Rwandan Patriotic Front overran Kigali and took power with the help of the Ugandan army. Cyprien Ntaryamira Cyprien Ntaryamira (March 6, 1955 - April 6, 1994), was President of Burundi from February 5, 1994 until he died in a plane crash April 6, 1994. ... Kigali, population 851,024 (2005), is the capital and largest city of Rwanda. ... The Rwandan genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutu sympathizers in Rwanda and was the largest atrocity during the Rwandan Civil War. ...

In April 1995, Uganda cut off diplomatic relations with Sudan in protest at Khartoum's support for the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group active in northern Uganda. Sudan, in turn, claimed that Uganda was providing support to the Sudan People's Liberation Army. Both groups were suspected of operating across the porous Uganda-Sudan border. Disputes between Uganda and Sudan date back to at least 1988. Ugandan refugees sought shelter in southern Sudan during the Amin and Obote II regimes. After the NRM had come to power in 1986, however, many of these refugees joined the Ugandan rebel groups including the West Nile Bank Front and later the LRA. For a significant period, the Museveni government viewed Sudan as the most significant threat to Ugandan security. Image File history File links Camp_children. ... Image File history File links Camp_children. ... Nickname: Khartoums location in Sudan Coordinates: Government - Governor Abdul Halim al Mutafi Population (2005) - Urban Over 1 Million For other uses, see Khartoum (disambiguation). ... Combatants Uganda Peoples Defence Force Lords Resistance Army Commanders Yoweri Museveni Joseph Kony The Lords Resistance Army (LRA),[1] formed in 1987, is a rebel guerrilla army operating mainly in northern Uganda and parts of Sudan. ... SPLA/M emblem Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the main opposition group in Sudan. ... Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]â€“16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... Obote pictured at the beginning of his second regime in 1980 Apollo Milton Obote (December 28, 1924, Apac, Uganda â€“ October 10, 2005, Johannesburg, South Africa), Prime Minister of Uganda 1962-1966 and President of Uganda 1966-1971/1980-1985, was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in... The West Nile Bank Front (WNBF) was a rebel armed force in Uganda under the command of Juma Oris. ...

Internal security and human rights

The NRM came to power promising to restore security and respect for human rights. Indeed, this was part of the NRM's ten-point programme, as Museveni noted in his swearing in speech:

Although Museveni now headed up a new government in Kampala, the NRM could not project its influence fully across Ugandan territory, finding itself fighting a number of insurgencies. From the beginning of Museveni's presidency, he drew strong support from the Bantu-speaking south and southwest, where Museveni had his base. Museveni managed to get the Karamojong, a group of semi-nomads in the sparsely populated north-east that had never had a significant political voice, to align with him by offering them a stake in the new government. However, the northern region along the Sudanese border proved more troublesome. In the West Nile sub-region, inhabited by Kakwa and Lugbara (who had previously supported Amin), the UNRF and FUNA rebel groups fought for years until a combination of military offensives and diplomacy pacified the region; the leader of the UNRF, Moses Ali, gave up his struggle to become Second Deputy Prime Minister. People from the northern parts of the country viewed the rise of a government led by a person from the south with great trepidation. Rebel groups sprang up among the Lango, Acholi and Teso, though they were overwhelmed by the strength of the NRA except in the far north where the Sudanese border provided a safe haven. The Acholi rebel Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) failed to dislodge the NRA occupation of Acholiland, leading to the desperate chiliasm of the Holy Spirit Movement (HSM). The defeat of both the UPDA and HSM left the rebellion to a group that eventually became known as the Lord's Resistance Army, which would turn upon the Acholi themselves. Map showing the approximate distribution of Bantu vs. ... The Karamojong (sometimes called Karimojong), are a tribe of semi-nomadic herders who live in the north-eastern part of Uganda, in the Karamoja region. ... Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... West Nile sub-region (previously known as West Nile District) is a region in north-eastern Uganda that consists of the districts of Koboko, Moyo, Yumbe and Arua. ... TESO was a famous hacker group, which originated in Austria and quickly became international. ... The Uganda Peoples Democratic Army (UPDA) was a rebel group operating in northern Uganda from March 1986 to June 1988. ... Categories: Stub | Uganda ... Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming major transformation of society after which all things will be changed in a positive (or sometimes negative or ambiguous) direction. ... The Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) was the Ugandan rebel group led by Alice Auma, a spirit-medium under the direction of the spirit Lakwena. ... Combatants Uganda Peoples Defence Force Lords Resistance Army Commanders Yoweri Museveni Joseph Kony The Lords Resistance Army (LRA),[1] formed in 1987, is a rebel guerrilla army operating mainly in northern Uganda and parts of Sudan. ...

The NRA subsequently earned a reputation for respecting the rights of civilians, – although Museveni later received criticism for using child soldiers. Undisciplined elements within the NRA's soon tarnished a hard-won reputation for fairness. "When Museveni's men first came they acted very well – we welcomed them," said one villager, "but then they started to arrest people and kill them."^[18]^[19] A Chinese soldier, age 10, member of a Chinese division boarding planes in Myitkyina (Burma) bound for China, May 1944. ...

In March 1989, Amnesty International published a human rights report on Uganda, entitled Uganda, the Human Rights Record 1986–1989. It documented gross human rights violations committed by NRA troops. In one of the most intense phases of the war, between October and December 1988, the NRA forcibly cleared approximately 100,000 people from their homes in and around Gulu town. Soldiers committed hundreds of extrajudicial executions as they forcibly moved people, burning down homes and granaries.^[20] However, there were few reports of the systematic torture, equivalent to those committed during Amin and Obote's regimes. In its conclusion, the report offered some hope: Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a pressure group that promotes human rights. ... Location of Gulu within Uganda. ... Granary at Thiruparaithurai, Kumbakonam (old temple town), built around 1600-1634 A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or animal feed. ...

A new democratic mandate (1996–2001)

Download high resolution version (880x588, 802 KB)Crowds throng the convoy of Yoweri Museveni during the 1996 presidential election in Uganda. ... Download high resolution version (880x588, 802 KB)Crowds throng the convoy of Yoweri Museveni during the 1996 presidential election in Uganda. ...

Elections

Elections were held on 9 May 1996. Museveni defeated Paul Ssemogerere of the Democratic Party, who contested the election as a candidate for the "Inter-party forces coalition", and the upstart candidate, Mohamed Mayanja. Museveni won with a landslide 75.5 per cent of the vote from a turnout of 72.6 per cent of eligible voters. Although international and domestic observers described the vote as valid, both the losing candidates rejected the results. Museveni was sworn in as president for the second time on 12 May 1996. is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The Democratic Party is a moderate conservative political party in Uganda. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The main weapon in Museveni's campaign was the restoration of security and economic normality to much of the country. A memorable electoral image produced by his team depicted a pile of skulls in the Luwero Triangle. This powerful symbolism was not lost on the inhabitants of this region, who had suffered rampant insecurity during the civil war. The other candidates had difficulty matching Museveni's efficacy in communicating his key message. Museveni seemed to have a remarkable ability to relate political messages by using grass-roots language, especially with people from the south. The metaphor of "carrying a grindstone for leadership", referring to an "authoritative individual, bearing the burden of authority", was just one of many imaginative images he created for his campaign. He would often deliver these in the local lingo of wherever he was giving a speech, demonstrating respect and attempting to transcend tribalistic politics. That Museveni is fluent in English, Luganda, Runyankole and Swahili often helped him forward his message. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ankole, originally known as Nkore, is one of the four traditional kingdoms of Uganda. ... Swahili (also called Kiswahili; see below for derivation) is a Bantu language. ...

Until the prospect of presidential elections, Ssemogerere (Museveni's concurrent political rival) had been a minister in the NRM government. His decision to challenge the record of Museveni and the NRM, rather than claim a stake in Museveni's "movement", was seen as naive opportunism, and regarded as a political error. Ssemogerere's alliance with the UPC was anathema to the Baganda, who might otherwise have lent him some support as the leader of the Democratic Party. Ssemogerere also accused Museveni of being a Rwandan, a statement often repeated by Museveni's opponents because of his birthplace near the Uganda-Rwanda border, and his supposedly Rwandan origins (Museveni is an ethnic Munyankole, kin to the Banyarwanda of Rwanda), and his army of being dominated by Rwandans, which included current Rwandan president Paul Kagame. The Uganda Peoples Congress is a political party in Uganda. ... Baganda, also called Ganda, are the largest ethnic group in Uganda. ... The Democratic Party is a moderate conservative political party in Uganda. ... Ankole, originally known as Nkore, is one of the four traditional kingdoms of Uganda. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda and the founder of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. ...

International recognition

Museveni has won praise from Western governments for his adherence to IMF Structural adjustment programs, ie. privatising state enterprises, cutting government spending and urging African self-reliance. Museveni was elected chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1991 and 1992. He permitted a free atmosphere within which the news media could operate, and private FM radio stations flourished during the late 1990s. Perhaps Museveni's most widely noted accomplishment has been his government's successful campaign against AIDS. During the 1980s, Uganda had one of the highest rates of HIV infection in the world, but now Uganda's rates are comparatively low, and the country stands as a rare success story in the global battle against the virus (see AIDS in Africa). In April 1998, Uganda became the first country to be declared eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative, receiving some US$700 million in aid.^[21] Museveni was lauded for his affirmative action program for women in the country, he was served by a female vice-president, Specioza Kazibwe, for nearly a decade, and has done much to encourage women to go to college. On the other hand, Museveni has resisted calls for greater women's family land rights (the right of women to own a share of their matrimonial homes).^[22] This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Structural adjustment is a term used to describe the policy changes implemented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (the Bretton Woods Institutions) in developing countries. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or — especially in India — disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... The Organization of African Unity (OAU) or Organisation de lUnitÃ© Africaine (OUA) was established on May 25, 1963. ... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... AIDS education at a school in Uganda. ... Debt relief is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations. ... The 38 states recognized as the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC). ... Specioza Naigaga Wandira Kazibwe (maiden name Specioza Naigaga) (born 1 July 1955) was the elected Vice President of Uganda, serving from 1994 until 2003, being the first woman in Africa to hold that position. ...

From the mid-1990s, Museveni was seen to exemplify a new breed of African leadership, the antithesis of the "big men" who had dominated politics in the continent since independence. This section from a New York Times article in 1997 is illustrative of the high esteem in which Museveni was held by the western media, governments and academics: President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. ... President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. ... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: little more than a dictionary definition If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: little more than a dictionary definition If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ... Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko: a big man of African politics. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

These generous statements have since been re-evaluated. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... â€œBismarckâ€ redirects here. ... The President of South Africa, in full, the President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africas Constitution. ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: ) (born 18 July 1918) is the former President of South Africa, and the first to be elected in fully representative democratic elections. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: little more than a dictionary definition If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ...

Regional conflict

In Uganda, there were significant numbers of ethnic Rwandan Tutsi immigrants – who comprised a significant numbers of NRA fighters. The Uganda-based Tutsi-dominated Rwandese Patriotic Front rebel group were close allies of the NRA, and once Museveni had solidified his hold on central power, he lent his support to their cause. Unsuccessful attacks were launched by the RPF against the Hutu government of Rwanda in the first half of the 1990s from bases in southwest Uganda. It was not until the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 that the RPF took power and its head, Paul Kagame (a former soldier in Museveni's army), became president. The Tutsi are one of three native peoples of the nations of Rwanda and Burundi in central Africa, the other two being the Twa and the Hutu. ... The Rwandese Patriotic Front or Rwandan Patriotic Front, abbreviated as RPF (also often referred to as FPR from French: Front patriotique rwandais), is the current ruling political party of Rwanda, led by President Paul Kagame. ... The Rwandan genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutu sympathizers in Rwanda and was the largest atrocity during the Rwandan Civil War. ...

Following the Rwandan Genocide, the new Rwandan government felt threatened by the presence (across the Rwandan border in Congo - known then as Zaïre) of former Rwandan soldiers and members of the previous regime. These soldiers were aided by Mobutu Sese Seko – leading Rwanda (with the aid of Museveni) and Laurent Kabila's rebels to overthrow him and take power in Congo. (see main article: First Congo War).^[24] Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (October 14, 1930 â€“ September 7, 1997), known commonly as Mobutu, or Mobutu Sese Seko, born Joseph-DÃ©sirÃ© Mobutu, was the President of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) for 32 years (1965â€“1997), in which he rose to power... Note: if you came to this web page after seeing it in a SPAM email, please be advised that (a) we have nothing to do with that spam and (b) the person who sent you the message is a criminal who is trying to steal your money. ... Combatants AFDL, Uganda, Rwanda Zaire Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko Casualties Civilians killed: 200,000+ The First Congo War was a conflict from late 1996 to 1997 in which Zairean President Mobutu SÃ©sÃ© Seko was overthrown by rebel forces backed by foreign powers such as...

In August 1998, Rwanda and Uganda undertook to invade Congo again, this time to overthrow Museveni and Kagame's former ally - Kabila (see main article: Second Congo War). Museveni and a few close military advisers alone made the decision to send the UPDF into Congo. A number of highly placed sources indicate that the Ugandan parliament and civilian advisers were not consulted over the matter, as is required by the 1995 constitution.^[25] Museveni apparently persuaded an initially reluctant High Command to go along with the venture. "We felt that the Rwandese started the war and it was their duty to go ahead and finish the job, but our President took time and convinced us that we had a stake in what is going on in Congo", one senior officer is reported as saying.^[26] The official reasons Uganda gave for the intervention were to stop a "genocide" against the Banyamulenge in DRC in concert with Rwandan forces,^[27] and that Kabila had failed to provide security along the border and was allowing the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) to attack Uganda from rear bases in DRC. In reality, the UPDF were not deployed in the border region but more than 1,000 kilometres (over 600 miles) to the west of Uganda's frontier with Congo^[28] and in support of the Mouvement de Libération du Congo (MLC) rebels seeking to overthrow Kabila. As such, they were unable to prevent the ADF from invading the major town of Fort Portal and taking over a prison in Western Uganda. Combatants Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Mai-Mai, Hutu-aligned forces Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Movement for the Liberation of Congo Congolese Rally for Democracy Tutsi-aligned forces Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila (Congo), Joseph Kabila (Congo), Sam Nujoma Robert Mugabe JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Idriss D... The Uganda Peoples Defense Force (UPDF)--previously the National Resistance Army--constitutes the armed forces of Uganda. ... The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)is a rebel group opposed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... The Movement for the Liberation of Congo (French: Mouvement pour la Liberation du Congo) is a political party in Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Fort Portal is a town in western Uganda and the seat of both the Kabarole district and the Toro kingdom. ...

Troops from Rwanda and Uganda plundered the country's rich mineral deposits and timber. The United States responded to the invasion by suspending all military aid to Uganda, a disappointment to the Clinton administration, which had hoped to make Uganda the centrepiece of the African Crisis Response Initiative. In 2000, Rwandan and Ugandan troops exchanged fire on three occasions in the Congolese city of Kisangani, leading to tensions and a deterioration in relations between Kagame and Museveni. The Ugandan government has also been criticised for aggravating the Ituri conflict, a sub-conflict of the Second Congo War. In December 2005, the International Court of Justice ruled that Uganda must pay compensation to the Democratic Republic of the Congo for human rights violations during the Second Congo War.^[29] Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for useâ€”from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial useâ€”as structural material for construction or wood... President Clintons Cabinet, circa 1993 Headed by President of the United States Bill Clinton, the Clinton Administation was the executive branch of the federal government of the United States from 1993 to 2001. ... Sergeant 1st Class Cassius Williams instucts Senegalese soldiers on U.N. peacekeeping policies during training for the African Crisis Response Initiative in ThiÃ¨s, Senegal. ... Kisangani, formerly Stanleyville, (population 500,000) is a city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. ... Combatants Lendu tribe, Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) Hema tribe, Uganda, Union of Congolese Patriots, Democratic Republic of Congo United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo RCD-K Commanders Etienne Lona (FNI) James Kazini (UDPF) Casualties Civilians killed: 60,000 (estimate as of Nov. ... Combatants Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Mai-Mai, Hutu-aligned forces Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Movement for the Liberation of Congo Congolese Rally for Democracy Tutsi-aligned forces Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila (Congo), Joseph Kabila (Congo), Sam Nujoma Robert Mugabe JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Idriss D... The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ; French: ) is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. ...

In the north, Uganda had supported Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in the Second Sudanese Civil War against the government in Khartoum even before Museveni's rise. The continued support for the SPLA, led by Museveni's old acquaintance John Garang, led Sudan to support the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and other anti-Museveni rebel groups in the mid-1990s. The resulting insecurity and conflicts have caused widespread human displacement, death and destruction in southern Sudan and northern Uganda. Subsequent warming of relations with Sudan led to a pledge to stop supporting hostile proxy forces (from both sides) and the granting of approval to the UPDF to attack the LRA within Sudan itself. SPLA/M emblem Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the main opposition group in Sudan. ... Combatants Sudanese Government (North Sudan) Sudan Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Gaafar Nimeiry Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir John Garang Casualties Not Released 1. ... Nickname: Khartoums location in Sudan Coordinates: Government - Governor Abdul Halim al Mutafi Population (2005) - Urban Over 1 Million For other uses, see Khartoum (disambiguation). ... John Garang, August 2004 John Garang de Mabior (June 23, 1945 â€“ July 30, 2005) was the vice president of Sudan and former leader of the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army. ... Combatants Uganda Peoples Defence Force Lords Resistance Army Commanders Yoweri Museveni Joseph Kony The Lords Resistance Army (LRA),[1] formed in 1987, is a rebel guerrilla army operating mainly in northern Uganda and parts of Sudan. ... Forced migration refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. ...

A second term (2001–2006)

2001 Elections

In 2001 Museveni won the presidential elections by a substantial majority, with his former friend and personal physician Kizza Besigye as the only real challenger. In a populist publicity stunt, a pentagenarian Museveni travelled on a bodaboda motorcycle taxi to submit his nomination form for the election. Bodaboda is a cheap and somewhat dangerous (by western standards) method of transporting passengers around towns and villages in East Africa.^[30] Kizza Besigye with his wife, Winnie Byanyima. ... Boda-Boda (or bodaboda) - originally a bicycle taxi in East Africa (from English border-border). ...

There was much recrimination and bitterness during the 2001 presidential elections campaign, and incidents of violence occurred following the announcement of the results – which were won by Museveni. Besigye challenged the election results in the Supreme Court of Uganda. Two of the five judges concluded that there were such illegalities in the elections, and that the results should be rejected. The other three judges decided that the illegalities did not affect the result of the election in a substantial manner, but stated that "there was evidence that in a significant number of polling stations there was cheating" and that in some areas of the country, "the principle of free and fair election was compromised."^[31] Besigye was briefly detained and questioned by the police, allegedly in connection with the offense of treason. In September he fled to the USA claiming his life was in danger. The supreme court functions as a court of last resort whose rulings cannot be challenged, in some countries, provinces and states. ... A polling station situated inside a suburban library in the north of Cambridge during the United Kingdom general election, 2005. ...

Political pluralism and constitutional change

After the elections, political forces allied to Museveni began a campaign to slacken constitutional limits on the presidential term to allow him to stand for election again in 2006. The 1995 Uganda's constitution provided for a two-term limit on the tenure of the president. Given Uganda's history of dictatorial regimes, this check-and-balance was designed to prevent a dangerous centralisation of power around a long-serving leader. This period witnessed the removal of key and influential Museveni supporters from his administration, including his childhood friend Eriya Kategaya and cabinet minister Jaberi Bidandi Ssali. Kategaya addressing the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000. ...

Moves to alter the constitution, and alleged attempts to suppress opposition political forces have attracted criticism from domestic commentators, the international community and Uganda's aid donors. In a press release, the main opposition party, the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), accused Museveni of engaging in a "life presidency project", and for bribing members of parliament to vote against constitutional amendments, FDC leaders claimed: The Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), is a Ugandan political party founded on December 16, 2004. ...

As observed by some political commentators (eg. Wafula Oguttu), Museveni had previously stated that he considered the idea of clinging to office for "15 or more" years ill-advised, and made known that he "is a member of a club of African leaders inebriated with power", – comparing himself with Robert Mugabe and Charles Taylor.^[33] Comments by the British anti-poverty campaigner Bob Geldof sparked a protest by Museveni supporters outside the British High Commission in Kampala. "Get a grip Museveni. Your time is up, go away," said the former rock star in March 2005, explaining that moves to change the constitution were compromising Museveni's record against fighting poverty and HIV/AIDS.^[34] In an opinion article in the Boston Globe and in a speech delivered at the Wilson Center, former U.S. Ambassador to Uganda Johnnie Carson heaped more criticism on Museveni. Despite recognising the president as a "genuine reformer" whose "leadership [has] led to stability and growth", Carson also said, "we may be looking at another Mugabe and Zimbabwe in the making".^[35] "Many observers see Museveni's efforts to amend the constitution as a re-run of a common problem that afflicts many African leaders – an unwillingness to follow constitutional norms and give up power".^[36] Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born on February 21, 1924) is the President of Zimbabwe. ... For other persons named Charles Taylor, see Charles Taylor (disambiguation). ... Robert Frederick Xenon Geldof, (or Zenon, sources differ)KBE[1], known as Bob Geldof (born 5 October 1951) [2], is an Irish singer, songwriter, actor and political activist. ... Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ... The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (or Wilson Center) was established as part of the Smithsonian Institution by act of Congress in 1968. ... Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born on February 21, 1924) is the President of Zimbabwe. ...

In July 2005, Norway became the third European country in as many months to announce symbolic cutbacks in foreign aid to Uganda in response to political leadership in the country. The UK and Ireland made similar moves in May. "Our foreign ministry wanted to highlight two issues: the changing of the constitution to lift term limits, and problems with opening the political space, human rights and corruption", said Norwegian Ambassador Tore Gjos.^[37] Of particular significance was the arrest of two opposition MPs from the Forum for Democratic Change. Human rights campaigners charged that the arrests were politically motivated. Human Rights Watch stated that "the arrest of these opposition MPs smacks of political opportunism".^[38] A confidential World Bank report leaked in May suggested that the international lender might cut its support to non-humanitarian programmes in the Uganda. "We regret that we cannot be more positive about the present political situation in Uganda, especially given the country's admirable record through the late 1990s", said the paper. "The Government has largely failed to integrate the country's diverse peoples into a single political process that is viable over the long term...Perhaps most significant, the political trend-lines, as a result of the President's apparent determination to press for a third term, point downward."^[39] Image File history File links Satirical cartoon commenting on Ugandan president Yoweri Musevenis attempts to change the constitution to allow him to stand for election to a third term. ... Image File history File links Satirical cartoon commenting on Ugandan president Yoweri Musevenis attempts to change the constitution to allow him to stand for election to a third term. ... William Lyon Mackenzie King is freed from his Conscription promise by Johnny Canuck. ... The National Resistance Movement is a political organization in Uganda. ... The Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), is a Ugandan political party founded on December 16, 2004. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... ...

Museveni responded to the mounting international pressure by accusing donors of interfering with domestic politics and using aid to manipulate poor countries. "Let the partners give advice and leave it to the country to decide ... [developed] countries must get out of the habit of trying to use aid to dictate the management of our countries."^[40] "The problem with those people is not the third term or fighting corruption or multipartism," added Museveni at a meeting with other African leaders, "the problem is that they want to keep us there without growing.".^[41]

In July 2005, a constitutional referendum lifted a 19-year restriction on the activities of political parties. In the non-party "Movement system" (so called "the movement") instituted by Museveni in 1986, parties continued to exist, but candidates were required to stand for election as individuals rather than representative of any political grouping. This measure was ostensibly designed to reduce ethnic divisions, although many observers have subsequently claimed that the system had become nothing more than a restriction on opposition activity. Prior to the vote, the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) spokesperson stated "Key sectors of the economy are headed by people from the president's home area... We have got the most sectarian regime in the history of the country in spite the fact that there are no parties."^[42] Many Ugandans saw Museveni's conversion to political pluralism as a concession to donors – aimed at softening the blow when he announces he wants to stay on for a third term.^[43] Opposition MP Omara Atubo has said Museveni's desire for change was merely "a facade behind which he is trying to hide ambitions to rule for life".^[44] Image File history File links MuseveniStraw. ... Image File history File links MuseveniStraw. ... The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (commonly referred to as Foreign Secretary) is a member of the British Government responsible for relations with foreign countries, heading the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (often called simply the Foreign Office). ... John Whitaker Straw (born August 3, 1946) is a British Labour Party politician. ... Ugandans voted to restore a multiparty political system in a constitutional referendum held on 28 July 2005. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... The National Resistance Movement is a political organization in Uganda. ...

Death of an ally

On 30 July 2005, Sudanese vice-president John Garang was killed when the Ugandan presidential helicopter crashed while he was travelling to Sudan from talks in Uganda. The incident was acutely embarrassing for the Ugandan government and a personal blow for Museveni – Garang had been a political ally since their days together at university. Garang had only been Sudanese vice-president for a matter of weeks before his death, which damaged hopes of a regional order based on a Uganda-South Sudan alliance. is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... John Garang, August 2004 John Garang de Mabior (June 23, 1945 â€“ July 30, 2005) was the vice president of Sudan and former leader of the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army. ... Southern Sudan is a region of Sudan. ...

Widespread speculation as to the cause of the crash led Museveni, on 10 August, to threaten the closure of media outlets which published "conspiracy theories" about Garang's death. In a statement, Museveni claimed such speculation was a threat to national security. "I will no longer tolerate a newspaper which is like a vulture. Any newspaper that plays around with regional security, I will not tolerate it – I will close it."^[45] The following day, popular radio station KFM had its license withdrawn for broadcasting a debate on Garang's death. Radio presenter Andrew Mwenda was eventually arrested for sedition in connection with comments made on his KFM talk show.^[46] is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Andrew Mwenda Andrew Mwenda is a Ugandan journalist. ... Sedition is a term of law to refer to covert conduct such as speech and organization that is deemed by the legal authority as tending toward insurrection against the established order. ...

February 2006 elections

On November 17, 2005, Museveni was chosen as NRMs presidential candidate for the February 2006 elections. His candidacy for a further third term sparked criticism, as he had promised in 2001 that he was contesting for the last term. The arrest of the main opposition leader Kizza Besigye on November 14 – charged with treason, concealment of treason and rape – sparked demonstrations and riots in Kampala and other towns. Museveni's bid for a third term, the arrest of Besigye, and the besiegement of the High Court during a hearing of Besigye's case (by a heavily armed Military Intelligence (CMI) group dubbed by the press as "Black Mambas Urban Hit Squad"), led Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to withhold economic support to Museveni's government due to concerns about the country's democratic development. On January 2, 2006 Besigye was released after the High Court ordered his immediate release.^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50] The Ugandan general election of 2006 is scheduled to take place in March. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ugandan general election of 2006 is scheduled to take place in March. ... Kizza Besigye with his wife, Winnie Byanyima. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The February 23, 2006 elections were Uganda's first multi-party elections in 25 years, and was seen as a test of its democratic credentials. Although Museveni did less well than in the previous election, he was elected for another five-year tenure, having won 59% of the vote against Besigye's 37%. Besigye, who alleged fraud, rejected the result. The Supreme Court of Uganda later ruled that the election was marred by intimidation, violence, voter disenfranchisement, and other irregularities. However, the Court voted 4-3 to uphold the results of the election.^[51] February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Third Term (2006-2011)

In 2007, Museveni deployed troops to the African Union's peacekeeping operation in Somalia. Because of the proxy war in Somalia fought by Ethiopia and Eritrea, this move provoked a hostile reaction from the Eritrean government. Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Spanish(Eq. ...

Another significant issue in Museveni's third term is his decision to open the Mabira Forest to sugarcane planting. While Museveni argues that new plantations are important for Uganda's economic development, environmental activists worry about the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity that will result. According to Many Ugandans, Museveni has been in power for far too long, leading to unrest amongst the people of Uganda. Location of Mukono District in Uganda Mabira Forest The Mabira Forest is a rainforest area covering about 300 kmÂ² in Uganda, located in the Mukono District between Kampala and Jinja. ... Economic development is a sustainable increase in living standards that implies increased per capita income, better education and health as well as environmental protection. ... In ecology, an ecosystem is a community of organisms (plant, animal and other living organisms - also referred as biocenose) together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a unit. ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ...

A defence minister (Commonwealth English) or defense minister (American English) is a cabinet portfolio (position) which regulates the armed forces in a sovereign nation. ... Godfrey Binaisa Godfrey Lukongwa Binaisa QC (born 30 May 1920), lawyer, former President of Uganda and Attorney General in the post independent government of Uganda of the 1960s. ... The Presidential Commission of Uganda, composed of Saulo Musoke, Polycarp Nyamuchoncho and Yoweri Hunter Wacha-Olwol, jointly held the office of President of Uganda between 22 May and 15 December 1980. ... Tito Okello (1914 - June 3, 1996) was the leader of Uganda from July 1985 until January 1986. ... The National Resistance Army (NRA) began as a guerilla army of Uganda in the 1980s, led by Yoweri Museveni. ... The Uganda Peoples Defence Force (UPDF), previously the National Resistance Army, constitutes the armed forces of Uganda. ... Tito Okello (1914 - June 3, 1996) was the leader of Uganda from July 1985 until January 1986. ... The President of Uganda is the head of state in Uganda. ...

Notes

^ Sources are divided on Museveni's exact year of birth. While the year of 1944 is the most prominent in discourse on Museveni (Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopedia.com, Encarta and Columbia Encyclopedia), 1945 or 1946 have also been suggested as possible years of birth (Oloka-Onyango 2003 Project MUSE).
^ Different biographical sources will commonly list various birthplaces for Museveni due to reorganisation of districts in Uganda. In 1944, there were four provinces one of which was Western, encompassing Museveni's birthplace. By 1966, there were 19 administrative divisions, including the Ankole kingdom. In 1976, the districts became provinces. Southern province encompassed both Ankole and Kigezi and had Mbarara as a capital. In 1989, the 10 provinces were reorganized into 33 districts, one of which was Mbarara, and in 1994 the district of Ntungamo was formed from parts of Mbarara and Bushenyi. Museveni's birthplace has fallen, at various times, in administrative regions known as Western, Ankole, Southern, Mbarara and Ntungamo, without any contradiction. The article is reflecting the most recent region, Ntungamo. (Source: Statoids). The following sources are up to date in the respect that they give Museveni's birthplace as Ntungamo: Encyclopedia.com, Encarta, Norwegian Council for Africa and Columbia Encyclopedia.
^ "New-Breed Leadership, Conflict, and Reconstruction in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: A Sociopolitical Biography of Uganda's Yoweri Kaguta Museveni", Joseph Oloka-Onyango, Africa Today - Volume 50, Number 3, Spring 2004, pp. 29–52
^ "Mutebi's Exit, And The Tale Of Kaguta's Clan", Charles Onyango-Obbo, The Monitor, 25 August, 1999
^ "Fanon's Theory on Violence: Its Verification in Liberated Mozambique", Yoweri Museveni, from Essays on the Liberation of Southern Africa, ed. Nathan Shamuyarira (Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House) 1971, pp. 1–24
^ Self-Determination Conflict Profile: Uganda, J. Clark; and Causes and consequences of the war in Acholiland, O. Otunnu, Accord magazine, 2002
^ Chronology, from "Protracted conflict, elusive peace - Initiatives to end the violence in northern Uganda", ed. Okello Lucima, Accord issue 11, Conciliation Resources, 2002
^ ibid.
^ "Causes and consequences of the war in Acholiland", Ogenga Otunnu, from Lucima et al, 2002
^ "Profiles of the parties to the conflict", Balam Nyeko and Okello Lucima, from Lucima et al, 2002
^ CIA Factbook - Uganda
^ Uganda, 1979–85: Leadership in Transition, Jimmy K. Tindigarukayo, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4. (Dec., 1988), pp. 619. (JSTOR)
^ "Kampala troops flee guerrilla attacks", The Times, 23 January 1986
^ "Troops from Zaire step up Uganda civil war", The Guardian, 21 January 1986
^ "Kampala troops flee guerrilla attacks", The Times, 23 January 1986
^ "Museveni sworn in as President", The Times, 30 January 1986
^ "Structural Adjustment in Uganda"
^ "Africa’s child soldiers", Daily Times, 30 May 2002
^ "Uganda: A Killer Before She Was Nine", Sunday Times, 15 December 2002
^ Uganda:Breaking the Circle", Amnesty International, 17 March 1999
^ "Uganda: Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC)", World Bank
^ "Gender implications for opening up political parties in Uganda", Dr. Sylvia Tamale, Faculty of Law, Makerere University, from the Women of Uganda Network
^ Uganda Leader Stands Tall in New African Order, James C. McKinley, New York Times, 15 June 1997
^ "Explaining Ugandan intervention in Congo: evidence and interpretations", John F. Clark, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 39, pp. 267–268, 2001 (Cambridge Journals)
^ ibid. pp. 262–263 (Cambridge Journals)
^ "Uganda and Rwanda: friends or enemies?", International Crisis Group, Africa Report No. 14, 4 May 2000
^ New Vision, 26 and 28 August 1998
^ "L'Ouganda et les guerres Congolaises", Politique Africaine, 75: 43–59, 1999
^ "Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda)", ICJ Press Release, 19 December 2005
^ "'Boda-boda' men keep Museveni in driving seat", Telegraph, 13 August 2005
^ "State of Pain:Torture in Uganda" - Part III, Human Rights Watch
^ "Press release: FDC Position on amending article 105(2) of the constitution", Forum for Democratic Change, 27 June 2005
^ "The Travails and Antics of Africa's "Big Men" - How Power Has Corrupted African Leaders", Wafula Okumu, The Perspective, April 11 2002
^ "Ugandans march against Bob Geldof", BBC News, 22 March 2005
^ "Uganda: An African Success Turning Sour", Johnnie Carson, speech delivered at the Wilson Center, 2 June 2005
^ "A threat to Africa's success story", Johnnie Carson, Boston Globe, 1 May 2005
^ "Norway cuts aid to Uganda over political concerns", Reuters, 19 July 2005
^ "Uganda: Key Opposition MPs Arrested", Human Rights Watch, 27 April 2005
^ "World Bank may cut aid", Paul Busharizi, New Vision, 17 May 2005
^ "Museveni advises donors", New Vision, 27 May 2005
^ "Donors Fear Me, Says Museveni", Frank Nyakairu, The Monitor, 26 May 2005
^ Uganda: Nation decides on political parties, UNOCHA-IRIN, 27 July 2005
^ "Uganda backs return to multiparty politics", Reuters, 30 July 2005
^ "Referendum ends 20-year ban on political parties", Reuters, 1 August 2005
^ "Museveni warns press over Garang", BBC, 10 August 2005
^ "Banned Ugandan radio back on air", BBC, 19 August 2005
^ "Uganda riots over treason charge", BBC, 14 November 2005
^ "Col Besigye Case Opens", New Vision, 16 November 2005
^ "Sweden withholds Uganda aid due to democracy worry", Reuters, 19 December 2005
^ "Netherlands withholds 6 mln euros aid to Uganda", Reuters, 30 November 2005
^ "Uganda's Museveni wins election", BBC, 25 February 2006

Joe Oloka-Onyango (born September 16, 1960 in North London, England) is a Ugandan lawyer and academic. ... Ankole, originally known as Nkore, is one of the four traditional kingdoms of Uganda. ... Kigezi District once covered what are now Kabale District, Kanungu District, Kisoro District and Rukungiri District. ... Mbarara is a town in southwestern Uganda, located about 266km from Kampala. ... Ntungamo is a district in Uganda. ... Bushenyi is a district in western Uganda. ... Charles Mase Onyango-Obbo (born 1958) is a Ugandan author, journalist, editor of The Monitor and political commentator of issues in East Africa and the African Great Lakes region. ... The Monitor and Sunday Monitor are national newspapers in Uganda. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... The International Crisis Group is an international, non-profit, non-governmental organization whose mission is to prevent and resolve deadly conflicts through field-based analysis and high-level advocacy. ... New Vision is one of two main national newspapers in Uganda. ... The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (or Wilson Center) was established as part of the Smithsonian Institution by act of Congress in 1968. ... The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... New Vision is one of two main national newspapers in Uganda. ... New Vision is one of two main national newspapers in Uganda. ... The Monitor and Sunday Monitor are national newspapers in Uganda. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ...

References

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

Books

Museveni, Yoweri. Sowing the Mustard Seed: The Struggle for Freedom and Democracy in Uganda, Macmillan Education, 1997, ISBN 0-333-64234-1.
Museveni, Yoweri. What Is Africa's Problem?, University of Minnesota Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8166-3278-2
Ondoga Ori Amaza, Museveni's Long March from Guerrilla to Statesman, Fountain Publishers, ISBN 9970-02-135-4

Websites

The War in the Bush, GlobalSecurity.org
Elections in Uganda, African Elections Database
Third term bid irks donors, News from Africa, 12 May 2005
Human Rights Watch
Press Freedom in Uganda
Profile: President Yoweri Museveni, BBC News, 1 March 2001
In Uganda, when does brash talk radio become sedition?, Christian Science Monitor, 23 August 2005

Academic papers

Uganda, 1979–85: Leadership in Transition, Jimmy K. Tindigarukayo, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4. (Dec., 1988), pp. 607–622. (JSTOR)
Neutralising the Use of Force in Uganda: The Role of the Military in Politics, E. A. Brett, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 33, No. 1. (Mar., 1995), pp. 129–152. (JSTOR)
Called to Account: How African Governments Investigate Human Rights Violations, Richard Carver, African Affairs, Vol. 89, No. 356. (Jul., 1990), pp. 391–415. (JSTOR)
Uganda after Amin: The Continuing Search for Leadership and Control, Cherry Gertzel, African Affairs, Vol. 79, No. 317. (Oct., 1980), pp. 461–489. (JSTOR)
Social Disorganisation in Uganda: Before, during, and after Amin, Aidan Southall, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4. (Dec., 1980), pp. 627–656. (JSTOR)
Ugandan Relations with Western Donors in the 1990s: What Impact on Democratisation?, Ellen Hauser, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 37, No. 4. (Dec., 1999), pp. 621–641. (JSTOR)
Reading Museveni: Structure, Agency and Pedagogy in Ugandan Politics, Ronald Kassimir, Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2/3, Special Issue: French-Speaking Central Africa: Political Dynamics of Identities and Representations. (1999), pp. 649–673. (JSTOR)
Uganda: The Making of a Constitution, Charles Cullimore, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4. (Dec., 1994), pp. 707–711. (JSTOR)
Uganda's Domestic and Regional Security since the 1970s, Gilbert M. Khadiagala, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2. (Jun., 1993), pp. 231–255. (JSTOR)
Exile, Reform, and the Rise of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, Wm. Cyrus Reed, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 34, No. 3. (Sep., 1996), pp. 479–501. (JSTOR)
Operationalising Pro-Poor Growth, A Country Case Study on Uganda, John A. Okidi, Sarah Ssewanyana, Lawrence Bategeka, Fred Muhumuza, October 2004
"New-Breed" Leadership, Conflict, and Reconstruction in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: A Sociopolitical Biography of Uganda's Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Joseph Oloka-Onyango, Africa Today - Volume 50, Number 3, Spring 2004, pp. 29–52 (Project MUSE)
"No-Party Democracy" in Uganda, Nelson Kasfir, Journal of Democracy - Volume 9, Number 2, April 1998, pp. 49–63 (Project MUSE)
"Explaining Ugandan intervention in Congo: evidence and interpretations", John F. Clark, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39: 261–287, 2001 (Cambridge Journals)
"Uganda's 'Benevolent' Dictatorship", J. Oloka-Onyango, University of Dayton website
"The Uganda Presidential and Parliamentary Elections 1996", James Katorobo, No. 17, Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'est
"Hostile to Democracy: The Movement System and Political Repression in Uganda", Peter Bouckaert, Human Rights Watch, 1 October 1999
Protracted conflict, elusive peace - Initiatives to end the violence in northern Uganda, editor Okello Lucima, Accord issue 11, Conciliation Resources, 2002
- Profiles of the parties to the conflict, Balam Nyeko and Okello Lucima
- Reaching the 1985 Nairobi Agreement, Bethuel Kiplagat

Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ...

Interviews

A Conversation with Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Council on Foreign Relations, September 21, 2005
Murray Oliver CTV interview (related article), August 2002
IRIN interview, 9 June 2005
BBC Talking Point, July 2005

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been...

Contents

Early life and career (1944–72)

FRONASA and the toppling of Amin (1972–80)

The war in the bush (1981–86)

Obote II and the National Resistance Army

1985 Nairobi Agreement

The push for Kampala

Museveni in power (1986–96)

Political and economic regeneration

Regional relations and conflict

Internal security and human rights

A new democratic mandate (1996–2001)

Elections

International recognition

Regional conflict

A second term (2001–2006)

2001 Elections

Political pluralism and constitutional change

Death of an ally

February 2006 elections

The Third Term (2006-2011)

Notes

References

Books

Websites

Academic papers

Interviews

See also

External links

Contents

Early life and career (1944–72) GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

FRONASA and the toppling of Amin (1972–80)

The war in the bush (1981–86)

Obote II and the National Resistance Army

1985 Nairobi Agreement

The push for Kampala

Museveni in power (1986–96)

Political and economic regeneration

Regional relations and conflict

Internal security and human rights

A new democratic mandate (1996–2001)

Elections

International recognition

Regional conflict

A second term (2001–2006)

2001 Elections

Political pluralism and constitutional change

Death of an ally

February 2006 elections

The Third Term (2006-2011)

Notes

References

Books

Websites

Academic papers

Interviews

See also

External links

Early life and career (1944–72)