Yugo
Manufacturer:	Zavodi Crvena Zvezda Zastava - Yugo Automobili - Yugoslavia
Production:	1981–present
Class:	Subcompact and roadster
Body style:	3-door hatchback and convertible
Platform:	Fiat 128 mechanics with Autobianchi A112 body style
Engine:	45 - 45 hp 0.9l (903 cm³), 55 - 55 hp 1.1l (1116 cm³), 60 - 60 hp 1.1l (1116 cm³), 65 - 65 hp 1.3l (1301 cm³)
Transmission:	45 4-speed ; 55, 60 and 65 5-speed manual
Wheelbase:	2150 mm
Length:	3485 mm
Width:	1548 mm
Height:	1390 mm
Curb weight:	825 to 920 kg
Related:	Fiat 128 Fiat 127 Autobianchi A112
Similar:	Innocenti Mini 120 Fiat 127 SEAT Fura
Designer:	Giorgetto Giugiaro

The Zastava Koral / Yugo 45 and family are vehicles produced by the Zastava corporation, both for local use in the production country of Serbia and for export around the world. Image File history File links YugoCabrio. ... It has been suggested that List of cars be merged into this article or section. ... Zastava 1100P from 1977 (mounted in FSO car factory in Poland) Zastava is a Serbian manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, 86 miles (138 km) southeast of Belgrade. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The present is the time that is perceived directly, not as a recollection or a speculation. ... Car classification is a somewhat subjective subject, as many vehicles fall between classes or even outside all of them. ... The Nash Metropolitan of the 1950s was an early subcompact car. ... 1923 Ford Model T roadster 1950 Jaguar XK120 roadster This article is about the roadster car body style. ... Peugeot 306 Hatchback, with the hatch lifted and the parcel shelf tilted for access A hatchback is an automobile design, consisting of a passenger cabin which includes an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind by a hatch or flip-up window. ... Saab 900 Convertible Convertible can also refer to a convertible (security) A convertible is a car body style with a folding or retracting roof. ... An automobile platform is a shared set of components common to a number of different automobiles. ... The 128 was a subcompact automobile manufactured by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1969 to 1985. ... The Autobianchi A112 was an Italian automobile. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Internal combustion engine. ... In mechanics, a transmission or gearbox is the gear and/or hydraulic system that transmits mechanical power from a prime mover (which can be an engine or electric motor), to some form of useful output device. ... This is an article about manual transmission in general; for guidance on how to drive with a manual transmission, see Manual transmission driving technique. ... In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the distance between the center of the front and rear wheels. ... Curb weight or kerb weight is the total weight of an automobile with standard equipment, oil, lubricants, coolant, a full tank of fuel and not loaded with either passengers or cargo. ... The 128 was a subcompact automobile manufactured by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1969 to 1985. ... The Fiat 127 was a supermini automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1971 and 1987. ... The Autobianchi A112 was an Italian automobile. ... The Mini (from Latin small) is the name of a small car produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors from 1959 to 2000, and the name of its replacement (known as the New MINI) launched in 2001. ... The Fiat 127 was a supermini automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1971 and 1987. ... A 1983 Fura The SEAT Fura is a rebadged version of a Fiat 127 developed by SEAT after the licence from Fiat expired. ... Giorgetto Giugiaro Giorgetto Giugiaro (August 7, 1938) is an Italian car designer. ... Zastava 1100P from 1977 (mounted in FSO car factory in Poland) Zastava is a Serbian manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, 86 miles (138 km) southeast of Belgrade. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia      â€“ Vojvodina      â€“ Kosovo (UN admin. ...

Model names covered

In the lifetime of the model range the car has gone under a variety of different names:

The Yugo 45 is a subcompact automobile produced by the former Yugoslavian and now Serbian manufacturer Zastava. The main factory is located in the city of Kragujevac in central Serbia. A subcompact car is a car in a vehicle size class smaller than a compact car, but larger than a microcar. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, Југославија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Zastava 1100P from 1977 (mounted in FSO car factory in Poland) Zastava is a Serbian manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, 86 miles (138 km) southeast of Belgrade. ... Location in Serbia-Montenegro General Information Mayor Veroljub Stevanović (SDPO) Land area 865 km² Population 211,580 date-population = (2002 census) Population density (2002) 216/km² Coordinates 44°22 N 20°56 E Area code +381 34 Subdivisions 5 Municipalities License plate code KG Time zone UTC+1 Website www. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia      â€“ Vojvodina      â€“ Kosovo (UN admin. ...

History

See the main article at Zastava. Zastava 1100P from 1977 (mounted in FSO car factory in Poland) Zastava is a Serbian manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, 86 miles (138 km) southeast of Belgrade. ...

Zastava was founded as an arms manufacturer in 1853. By the late 1930s the company had expanded into automobile production supplying Ford designed trucks to the Yugoslavian Army. Vehicle production continued until 1941 when World War II reached Yugoslavia. Following the war Zastava was permitted to produce Jeeps under license from Willys-Overland until production was halted in the early 1950s. 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... The Ford Motor Company (usually called Ford; sometimes called FoMoCo), (NYSE: F) is a multinational corporation that manufactures automobiles. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, Југославија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Army (from French armée) can, in some countries, refer to any armed force. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... Willys (pronounced will-eeze) was the brand name used by the United States automobile company Willys-Overland Motors, best known for its production of military and civilian Jeeps. ... The 1950s were a decade that spanned the years 1950 through 1959, although some sources say from 1951 through 1960. ...

The first passenger models were produced on August 26, 1953 using designs licensed by Fiat of Turin. The first model designed by Zastava was a sedan called the Milletrecciento ("one thousand three hundred") powered by a 1300 cc engine. Some of the most successful models were those based on the Fiat 128 model, marketed under different names: Zastava 128, Zastava 311, Zastava Skala, et cetera. 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... FIAT Group, or Fiat S.p. ... Turin (Italian: ; Piedmontese: Türín) is a major industrial city in north-western Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the west bank of the Po River. ... A cubic centimetre (cm3) is an SI derived unit of volume, equal to the volume of a cube with side length of 1 centimetre. ... The 128 was a subcompact automobile manufactured by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1969 to 1985. ...

1992 Yugo Cabrio 1.3 EFI in front of the Bundeskanzleramt in Berlin, Germany

Zastava continued to produce vehicles for the Yugoslavian and European markets until exports were limited by sanctions imposed by the United Nations in the 1990s. In 1984, automobile entrepreneur Malcolm Bricklin tested the U.S. market for Zastava vehicles, now branded as Yugo, in Verplanck, New York. As a result, in the summer of 1986, Yugo America began selling cars at a starting price of $3,990 for the entry-level GV ("Great Value") hatchback equipped with the 1100 cubic centimeter overhead-cam engine and four-speed manual transmission. The similar GVL offered a more plush interior, but the sporty top-line GVX was powered by the 1300 cc engine mated to a five-speed manual transmission, and included as standard equipment a number of deluxe features such as a ground-effects package, alloy wheels and rallye lights. Image File history File links 800px-HPIM2583. ... Image File history File links 800px-HPIM2583. ... United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Malcolm Bricklin (b. ... Verplanck is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Cortlandt, Westchester County, New York. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

By the late 1980s, US distributor Yugo America was in financial trouble and American distribution was taken over by Zastava itself. The racy Yugo Cabrio convertible was introduced with many GVX features as standard equipment.

In the early 1990s the 1100 engine was dropped as the 1300 cc engine became the standard, and an automatic transmission was offered.

However, when the political instability in Yugoslavia intensified in early 1992, Zastava was forced to stop exports to the United States.

Zastava was hard hit during the late 1990s due to United Nations sanctions imposed during the Yugoslavian civil war, and Yugo production suffered as a result. In 1999, during the Kosovo War, NATO aircraft deliberately bombed the Zastava car and truck factory, where the workers had set up a 24-hour watch, hoping that their physical presence in and around the premises would exempt it from destruction ^[1]. This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ...

The site was repaired by the same factory workers in the years afterwards, and production continues today on the old site, in Kragujevac. Location in Serbia-Montenegro General Information Mayor Veroljub Stevanović (SDPO) Land area 865 km² Population 211,580 date-population = (2002 census) Population density (2002) 216/km² Coordinates 44°22 N 20°56 E Area code +381 34 Subdivisions 5 Municipalities License plate code KG Time zone UTC+1 Website www. ...

Today there are various models available in the former Yugoslavia, including an agreement signed with Fiat for the production of the 2003 Fiat Punto model ^[2]. The Fiat Punto is a supermini automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat since 1994. ...

U.S. History

Introduced in the summer of 1986 at a price of less than $4000, it was by far the lowest-priced new car available in the USA at the time, and it sold very well at first. But by the early 1990s, Zastava withdrew the car from the US market due to severe restrictions placed on trade with Yugoslavia because of the alleged involvement of its then-current government in the Yugoslav wars. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that took place between 1991 and 2001. ...

In the United States, Yugo soon developed a negative reputation among non-owners, but Yugo dealers, owners and defenders countered by saying the major auto producers were collaborating with influential automotive media in efforts to eliminate competition.

At first, three models of Yugo were sold in the United States: The basic entry-level $3,900 GV (for "Great Value"), the nearly-identical GVL with minor trim and upholstery upgrades, and the race-inspired GVX with the 1300cc engine, five-speed manual transmission and standard equipment including a plush interior, ground-effects package, alloy wheels and rallye lights. The Cabrio convertible was introduced in 1988.

By 1990, the GV, GVL and the 1100cc engine and four-speed manual transmission was dropped and an optional automatic transmission was offered. The standard model became the GV Plus.

Those familiar with the 127's prowess as an autocross racer meant that many a Yugo GV was modified with Abarth racing parts and sent to participate in SCCA-sanctioned events, notably in the organization's "Solo II" category. Autocross course with Mazda Miata Autocross (also known as Solo2 by the Sports Car Club of America, AutoSlalom in Canada, and AutoSolo in the UK [1]) is a popular form of motorsports competition. ... Abarth was an Italian racing car maker founded by Carlo Abarth, of Austrian origins. ... The SCCA could be considered the grass-roots level of auto racing in the United States. ...

Malcolm Bricklin signed a deal with Zastava in 2002 to bring back the Yugo, a model tentatively called the ZMW. Zastava Motor Works USA, his company, expected to sell 60,000 cars in 2003. However, Bricklin instead turned to marketing the [[Chery], a Chinese line of cars.

Past Models in the Koral Range

2 Yugos

Yugo 45 derivative models have included the Yugo 55, 60, 65, Koral, Ciao, Tempo, Cabrio, GV, GV Plus, GVX, and GVL. Yugos were based on the mechanics of the Fiat 128 with an Autobianchi A112-type body and were the evolution of previous Fiat models built under license. However, in order to keep prices down, Yugo engines were fitted with a carburetor late into the 1980s, but fuel-injected models (starting with Koral 65) were introduced beginning with the GVX-EFI (Electronic fuel injection), which featured a 1300 cc engine designed by Porsche for Fiat. The fuel injection system was provided by BOSCH and had Multiport fuel injection with a three way catalytic converter and "Lambda" sensor. The engine emissions were 90% under the U.S. standards. Image File history File links Description: Two Yugo in their native country (picture taken in Priština, Kosovo). ... Image File history File links Description: Two Yugo in their native country (picture taken in Priština, Kosovo). ... The 128 was a subcompact automobile manufactured by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1969 to 1985. ... The Autobianchi A112 was an Italian automobile. ... FIAT Group, or Fiat S.p. ... Stromberg side-draft carburetor The carburetor (American spelling, also carburettor, carburetter, carburator, carb for short, or carbie (slang)) is a device which mixes air and fuel for an internal-combustion engine. ... Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ... Engine displacement is defined as the total volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in during one complete engine cycle; it is normally stated in cubic centimetres, litres or cubic inches. ... Porsche (), properly pronounced as a two syllable word. ... Bosch is the colloquial short name for the German company Robert Bosch GmbH, as well as the last name of: Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) - Dutch painter Robert Bosch (1861-1942) - German industrialist Carl Bosch (1874-1940) - German chemist and engineer Juan Bosch (1909-2001) - Dominican politician and writer Orlando Bosch... Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ...

Current models

See the main article at Zastava. Zastava 1100P from 1977 (mounted in FSO car factory in Poland) Zastava is a Serbian manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, 86 miles (138 km) southeast of Belgrade. ...

Zastava currently sells an updated version of the Yugo 45 model in Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Greece, Lebanon, Czech Republic, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, Poland and Egypt. As well as all the Koral (Yugo 45) versions available, other models include the Florida (a.k.a Yugo Sana), Skala, and 101. In October 2005, an agreement with Fiat was reached for production of the Fiat Punto by Zastava for Eastern European markets, which will be known as the Zastava 10. The Koral IN L, with a fuel injected 1.1 L Peugeot engine, met the European Union safety standards in a test supervised by the German Technischer Überwachungsverein (Technical Monitoring Association). This may pave the way for export to E.U. countries. Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian, Albanian1 Government Parliamentary republic President Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski Vlado Bučkovski Independence Declared From Yugoslavia September 8, 1991 Area    - Total 25,333 km² (146th)   9,779 sq mi   - Water (%) 1. ... The Fiat Punto is a supermini automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat since 1994. ... Eastern Europe is, by convention, a region defined geographically as that part of Europe covering the eastern part of the continent. ... Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën. ... The TÃœV (short for Technischer Ãœberwachungsverein, technical monitoring association in english) is a German organization that tries to protect humans and environment against dangers of technical plants and mechanisms of all kinds. ... The European Union (EU) is an intergovernmental and supranational union of 25 democratic member states from the European continent. ...

Response to Criticism

Yugo experienced the same traditional problem in marketing its low-priced automobiles that appeared years before with such other initially-inexpensive cars as the Chevrolet Chevette, Rambler, Crosley and others - dealers were finding to their dismay that too many owners were considering inexpensive cars as "disposable", and were failing to perform even the most basic maintenance. There were many instances reported of new Yugos driven very forcefully without even any checks of the engine oil levels, let alone oil changes. (One Milwaukee, Wisconsin Yugo dealer told of an angry woman whose engine had finally stalled after nearly 40,000 miles without an oil check. When this was mentioned to her, she retorted that she "didn't buy this car to be having to spend all that money on oil and such". Other, similar stories were common at the time.) 1978 Chevrolet Chevette (with 1976 grille) and 1974 Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five Brougham The Chevrolet Chevette was Chevrolets version of GMs worldwide T-car program of the 1970s also sold as Vauxhall Chevette, Opel Kadett Isuzu Gemini, Holden Gemini and Pontiac 1000. ... 1) An American car brand/model - see Rambler (car). ... Crosley station wagon The Crosley is an automobile manufactured by the Crosley Corporation and later by Crosley Motors Incorporated in the United States from 1939 to 1952. ... This article is about Milwaukee in Wisconsin. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area  Ranked 23rd  - Total 65,498 sq. ...

The American-market Yugo factory fuel recommendation was for a minimum of 89-octane gasoline to accomodate the higher compression-ratios, though owners often opted for cheaper fuel instead.

Even more critical, Yugo's close-tolerance engine's timing belt must be changed every 40,000 miles, a very simple and inexpensive procedure but often forgotten by negligent owners despite repeated factory emphasis in the owners' manuals. Such carelessness more than anything else probably led to thousands of Yugos meeting an early demise, as severe valve damage results when the belt suddenly parts without warning, a situation also seen with many high-priced imports also powered by so-called interference engines. An efficient, free-breathing form of engine design where the valves protrude (interfere)into the cylinders combustion chambers when the piston is opposite the valves. ...

Neglect by careless owners (delayed oil changes, improper maintenance, delayed part replacement, etc.) is often the cause of early failure.

Yugo owners who properly cared for their Yugos most often report that they have dependably run. ^[3]

Yugo bodies are very sturdy and use the same gauge of steel as Mercedes-Benz and Volvo.

Another emphasized positive factor for Yugo owners in ex-Yugoslavia is a ready supply of inexpensive spare parts and mechanics' labour due to the lack of a significant model redesign in years of Yugo's presence on the market, even though American Yugo owners can still generally find parts, and the cars are very easy to repair, needing just minor repair skills to repair one. American Yugo owners access to parts and service is assisted by the parts commonality with Fiat 128s.

Trivia

• Yugos hold many racing records all over the world.^{[4][5] [6] [7]}
• Motor Trend magazine's comment on the cessation of Yugo exports to America was, It's a shame. America needs a car like the Yugo.
• Yugo's introductory advertising slogan Introducing the same old idea, compared the cars to Ford Model T and Volkswagen Beetle, other basic-transportation vehicles.
• Although Yugo was voted Car Talk's worst car of the millennium, the poll results are questionable since it was taken years after exports ceased and it is unknown how many of the respondents actually owned one.^[8]
• When it was first brought to America, the Yugo only cost $3,990 USD. ^[9]
• When the Yugo first came out, many people placed orders before they ever saw one.^[10]
• Zastava employees report that Yugo cars destined for American export underwent much more-stringent quality-control procedures than domestic models.
• A Yugo was blown completely off the Mackinac Bridge in Michigan by a strong wind. High speed may be to blame^[11].
• The Yugo was never recalled. ^[12]

Motor Trend is one of the oldest automotive magazines still publishing. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ford Model T For the blues musician, see T-Model Ford. ... The Volkswagen Type 1, more commonly known as the Beetle, Vocho, Bug or Käfer (German), is a compact car, produced by Volkswagen from 1938 until 2003. ... Car Talk is a radio talk show broadcast weekly on National Public Radio stations throughout the United States and elsewhere. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... The Mackinac Bridge (pronounced MACK-in-aw, and affectionately known as the Mighty Mac or Big Mac), is a suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac to connect the non-contiguous upper and lower peninsulas of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 102,384 sq. ...

Popular culture

Movies

• Dragnet - A 1987 movie with Tom Hanks and Dan Aykroyd. The Yugo in question was issued to the pair when they wrecked several other cars and the police department was reluctant to issue them anything more expensive.
• Drowning Mona - An explanation informs viewers that the setting (Verplanck, New York) was a test market for Yugos. The cars in the movie were provided by Apple Motors in Denver, Colorado.
• The Birdcage - Features a yellow Yugo Cabrio in Miami.
• Bowfinger - The main character produced a documentary called The Yugo Story.
• Die Hard: With a Vengeance - Bruce Willis is seen driving a yellow Yugo on the FDR Drive in NYC (Samuel L. Jackson was in the passenger seat).
• The Crow - A 1994 movie; in it, a Yugo meets its demise in a collision on a rainy night with a muscle car.
• The Nutty Professor - A 1996 movie remake; in it, the professor makes mention of intending to purchase a Yugo instead of a sports car with his company's money.
• Savior
• Domino (film)

Dragnet opening frame from the 1967 version. ... Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actor who starred in family-friendly comedies before achieving notable success as a dramatic actor. ... Dan Aykroyd (left) with John Belushi in The Blues Brothers Daniel Edward Aykroyd (born July 1, 1952) is an Academy Award-nominated Canadian comedian, actor, screenwriter and musician. ... Drowning Mona DVD cover Drowning Mona is a 2000 US crime comedy starring Danny DeVito as Wyatt Rash, a local police chief from Verplanck, New York, who investigates a mysterious death of Mona Dearly (played by Bette Midler), a spiteful, loud-mouthed and around the town highly unpopular woman, who... Flag Seal Nickname: The Mile-High City Location Location of Denver in Colorado Coordinates , Government City-County Denver (coextensive) Mayor John Hickenlooper (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 154. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  - Total   - Width   - Length    - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 8th 104,185 sq mi  269 837 km² 280 miles  451 km 380 miles  612 km 0. ... The Birdcage DVD cover The Birdcage is a 1996 movie (a re-make of La Cage aux Folles) which starred Robin Williams, Nathan Lane, Dianne Wiest, Christine Baranski, Calista Flockhart, Gene Hackman, Dan Futterman, and Hank Azaria. ... The Middle Finger gesture (possibly offensive) The finger, as in giving someone the finger, known variously as the one-finger salute, the highway salute, flicking (someone) off, flipping (someone) off, flipping the bird, showing someone the middle finger, digital signalling, Thumbs up plus 2, or the Trudeau salute (in Canada... Die Hard: With a Vengeance, the third film in the Die Hard series starring Bruce Willis as policeman John McClane, adds Samuel L. Jackson as Zeus Carver, Willis reluctant partner. ... Bruce Willis (born March 19, 1955 as Walter Bruce Willis in Idar-Oberstein, West Germany) is an American actor. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Big Apple, The Capital of the World[1], Gotham Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area    - City 1,214. ... Jackson in The Man Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21, 1948) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... The Crow is a comic book series created by James OBarr. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Savior refers to a person who helps people achieve Salvation. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Music

• Paul Shanklin has a song, In A Yugo, which pokes fun at a liberal couple who buy a Yugo to save gas, only to end up being killed by a produce truck when they swerve to miss a baby duck. The song is sung to the tune of In the Ghetto by Elvis Presley
• The punk band Left Wing Fascists has a song called I drive a Yugo on the album A Mother's Nightmare.

Paul Shanklin is the creator of many of satirical bits used by Rush Limbaugh. ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... Elvis redirects here. ... Left Wing Fascists is a band from the Tidewater region of Virginia. ...

Novels

• Catalyst (by Laurie Halse Anderson)
• Florida Roadkill
• Needful Things
• The Stand (uncut version)

Laurie Halse Anderson (born 1961) writes for children and young adults. ... Cover of US paperback edition of Florida Roadkill Florida Roadkill is the first book in the unnamed series of books by Tim Dorsey which were centered on his character Serge Storms. ... Needful Things is a horror novel written by Stephen King in 1991. ... The Stand is an apocalyptic horror novel by Stephen King. ...

Television

• Saturday Night Live: SNL debuted a spoof television commercial in 1986 for an extremely cheap subcompact car called "Adobe," (a Renault Le Car in disguise) which according to the advertisement is literally made of clay and sells for only $179. The pitchman (played by Phil Hartman) prefaces the car's introduction by declaring, "These days, everyone's talking about the Hyundai, and the Yugo. Both nice cars, if you've got $3,000 or $4,000 to throw around."
• The Simpsons: Episode #9F07 (Mr. Plow) makes a reference to the Yugo. After totaling both family cars in a drunk driving incident, Homer Simpson makes his way to "Crazy Vaclav's Place of Automobiles" and test drives a subcompact car from a country that "no longer exists". Crazy Vaclav goes on to tell Homer that the car "gets 400 hectares to a tank of kerosene." As Homer attempts to start the car Crazy Vaclav shouts for Homer to "Put it in 'H'!", which is a reference to the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Serbian written language. In Serbian the word for 'Neutral' is 'Neutralan', which is written "Неутралан" with an H. Another reference occurs in episode #EABF01 (The Great Louse Detective) which indicates that Homer's pink sedan may be a Yugo. After discovering that he cannot drive whilst reading a magazine and crashing his pink sedan, he summons a tow truck. He informs the mechanic that he wants his car fixed "with quality GM Parts". The mechanic informs Homer that his car was "made in Croatia" from "old Soviet tanks". Visual cues suggest his car may be a Zastava 128, also known as Zastava Skala 128, Yugoslavian version of original Fiat 128 sedan, which was never sold in the U.S. Coincidentally, Sky One's live-action re-enactment of the Simpsons opening uses a brown Lada Riva as Homer's car.
• Whose Line Is It Anyway?: At the beginning of every episode Drew Carey makes a joke explaining that the points are useless. In one episode, he said "The points are as useless as a fully loaded, top of the line, Yugo."
• Yahoo! - the online Internet search engine ran a commercial during NASCAR races featuring a racing team using Yahoo! to get parts for their Yugo race car (making it jet propelled). Team Yugo gets to win the race.
• Midas - a U.S. automotive repair chain, did a commercial featuring a guy shouting "woo-hoo" whilst performing crazy stunts in a Yugo. As the car is about to crash into a lake the commercial cuts to the shop and the spokesman says "Yugo, what are you going to do?"
• Moonlighting (TV series): In one episode, David Addison (Bruce Willis) has to drive Yugo instead of 'Maddie' Hayes's (Cybill Shepherd) BMW.
• My Name is Earl - the car Earl siphons gas out of in "Something to Live For" is a Yugo.
• Malcolm in the Middle - Malcolm's principal drives a Yugo (in question) in very bad mechanical condition. (Seen in the episode Malcolm films Reese)

Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast by NBC nearly every Saturday night since its debut on October 11, 1975. ... In contemporary usage, parody is a form of satire that imitates another work of art in order to ridicule it. ... A television commercial (often called an advert in the United Kingdom) is a form of advertising in which goods, services, organizations, ideas, etc. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Renault 5. ... Phil Hartman (September 24, 1948 – May 28, 1998) was a Canadian-born American graphic artist, writer, actor, voice artist and comedian. ... The Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) (KSE: 005380)(LSE: HYUD), a division of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Koreas largest car maker. ... The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening. ... Mr. ... Homer Jay Simpson (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) is one of the main characters in the animated television series The Simpsons. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Štokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs everywhere. ... En (Н, н) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /n/. It looks exactly like the Latin capital letter H. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Writing system stubs ... The Great Louse Detective is the sixth episode of The Simpsons fourteenth season. ... General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is an American automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab and Vauxhall. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Sky One is British Sky Broadcastings flagship entertainment channel in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. ... Lada Riva. ... Whose Line Is It Anyway? (sometimes abbreviated to Whose Line?), is an improvisational comedy show. ... Drew Carey Drew Allison Carey (born May 23, 1958 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA) is an American actor and comedian recognizable by his crew cut and black-rimmed glasses. ... Yahoo! Inc. ... The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of motorsports in the United States. ... Moonlighting is a television series that first aired on ABC in the United States from 1985 to 1989 with a total of 66 episodes. ... My Name Is Earl is an American sitcom created by Greg Garcia. ... siphon principle A siphon (also spelled syphon) is a continuous tube that allows liquid to drain from a reservoir through an intermediate point that is higher than the reservoir, the up-slope flow being driven only by hydrostatic pressure without any need for pumping. ... Earls having car trouble, and sees it as a sign to make up for Sucked gas out of a hose. When he gives the man he stole all the gas from, he finds that Philo is suicidal. ... Malcolm in the Middle was an American situation comedy created by Linwood Boomer for the Fox Network. ...

Notes

1. ^ http://www.agitprop.org.au/stopnato/19991217zastnasy.php
2. ^ http://english.eastday.com/eastday/englishedition/business/userobject1ai1474719.html
3. ^ http://www.inet.hr/~bpauric/eindex.htm
4. ^ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/yugounitedgvowners2/ Yugo GV United Owners (a forum for Yugo Racing Enthusiasts)
5. ^ http://users.otenet.gr/~makthes29/ Athens Yugo Racing Team
6. ^ http://rrteam.k2.net/ Route Racing Team
7. ^ http://www.geocities.com/nikolic_lj_dragan/Racing/Yugo55/Yugo55.htm Another Yugo Racing Team
8. ^ http://www.cartalk.com/content/features/Worst-Cars/results5.html
9. ^ Peters, E (2004): Automotive Atrocities: The Cars We Love to Hate. Motorbooks International.
10. ^ Ibid
11. ^ http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=156&category=locations
12. ^ http://www.vvcars.com/main.html

References

• THE COMPLETE ENCYCLOPEADIA OF MOTORCARS 1885 TO THE PRESENT by G.N.GEORGANO - Third Edition 1985 - George Rainbird Publishing, revised as "The Beaulieu Encyclopeadia of the Automobile by Nick Georgano - Forward by Lord Montagu of Beaulieu [ISBN 0117023191].
• Automobil Revue - Revue Automobile Yearbooks

Edward John Barrington Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu (born October 20, 1926) is a British peer known for founding the National Motor Museum. ...

External links

• Yugo Fan Club
• The Yugo Club
• Zastava corporate site
• Zastava information site
• Zastava fan information site
• German Zastava Fan Club
• Yugo Redux, a March 2002 article from Forbes
• CNN Story on the bombing of the Zastava Factory
• Photgraphs of the Zastava Factory after the bombing
• Man behind the Yugo to lead new import wave in 2007, a January 2005 cover story from the Detroit News
• Recreation: Autos: Makes and Models: Yugo from the Open Directory Project website

For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Disambiguation: For the Boston Brahmin family of John Forbes Kerry, see Forbes family. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Along with The Detroit Free Press, The Detroit News (owned by Gannett) is one of the two major Metro Detroit newspapers. ... The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as DMoz (from Directory. ...

See also

• Zastava
  • Zastava Florida - Yugo Sana
  • Zastava Skala - Yugo 101
  • Zastava 10
  • Zastava 750