Ywain rescues the lion

Sir Ywain (also called Owain, Yvain, Ewain or Uwain) is a Knight of the Round Table and the son of King Urien in Arthurian legend. The historical Owain mab Urien, on whom the literary character is based, was the king of Rheged in Great Britain during the late 6th century. Ywain was one of the earliest characters associated with King Arthur, being mentioned in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. He was also one of the most popular, starring in Chrétien de Troyes' Yvain, the Knight of the Lion and appearing prominently in many later accounts. Image File history File links Yvainlion. ... Image File history File links Yvainlion. ... The Knights of the Round Table were those men awarded the highest Order of Chivalry at the Court of King Arthur in the literary cycle, the Matter of Britain. ... In Japanese pop music, Round Table (officially ROUND TABLE) is a band that produces music mostly for Anime soundtracks. ... Urien, father of Owain mab Urien, was a historical king of Rheged in northern England and southern Scotland during the 6th century. ... The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the Celtic and legendary history of the British Isles, centering around King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table. ... Owain mab Urien (or Owein) (d. ... Entrance to the Rheged Discovery Centre Rheged was a nation in Early Mediaeval Great Britain. ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ... King Arthur is an important figure in the mythology of Great Britain, where he appears as the ideal of kingship in both war and peace. ... Geoffrey of Monmouth was a clergyman and one of the major figures in the development of British history. ... Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniæ (English: The History of the Kings of Britain) was written around 1136. ... Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Champagne, France, during the last half of the twelfth century. ... Yvain rescues the lion Yvain, the Knight of the Lion (French: Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion) is a romance by Chrétien de Troyes. ...

He is somewhat unusual in that he remains as Urien's son in virtually all literature he appears in; other characters based on figures from Welsh Arthurian legend lost their original familial connections in continental literature, for instance Sir Kay. Ywain's mother is often said to be Arthur's half-sister, making him Arthur's nephew. This sister is Morgan le Fay in Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur and the Post-Vulgate Cycle, but other works name another sibling. He is the nephew of Morgause and King Lot, and cousin to Gawain, Agravain, Gaheris, Gareth and Mordred. He has a half-brother (with whom he is often confused) named Ywain the Bastard, son of Urien and his seneschal's wife, and Welsh texts give him a twin sister named Morvydd. The character Colgrevance or Calogrenant from Knight of the Lion is another important cousin. National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Waless location within the UK Official languages English, Welsh Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff First Minister Rhodri Morgan Area  - Total Ranked 3rd UK 20,779 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 3rd UK 2,903,085 140/km² Ethnicity: 97. ... Sir Kay, son of Sir Ector, was one of the Knights of the Round Table and King Arthurs foster brother. ... Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation In the mythology of King Arthur, Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain or Morgana and a slew of related name variants, is a powerful sorceress and... Sir Thomas Malory (c. ... Le Morte dArthur (The Death of Arthur)—the title is actually spelled as Le Morte Darthur in the first printing and also in some modern editions—is Sir Thomas Malorys compilation of some French and English Arthurian romances. ... The Post-Vulgate Cycle is one of the major Old French prose cycles of Arthurian literature. ... In Arthurian legend, Morgause or Morgase (also known as Anna-Morgause or Ann-Morgause) is the half-sister of King Arthur who slept with him and produced Mordred, the incestuous heir that would lead to Camelots downfall. ... In Arthurian Legend, Lot (or Loth) is king of Lothian, Orkney, and sometimes Norway. ... Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In Arthurian legend, Sir Gawain (Gawan, Gauvain, Walewein etc. ... Sir Agravain or Sir Agravaine was a knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. ... Gaheris is a figure of Arthurian legend, a knight of the Round Table. ... Sir Gareth was a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian Legend. ... This entry is on the King Arthur character. ... In Arthurian legend, Ywain the Bastard, also called Ywain the Adventurous, is a son of King Urien of Gore and a knight of the Round Table. ... A seneschal was an officer in the houses of important nobles in the Middle Ages. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... In Welsh Arthurian legend, Morvydd is the daughter of Urien Rheged by Modron, and twin sister to Owain. ... Sir Calogrenant, sometimes known in English as Colgrevance, is a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. ... Sir Calogrenant, sometimes known in English as Colgrevance, is a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. ...

The Welsh "Owain"

Owain (or Owein) was famous in his own day for fighting for Rheged against the Angles of Bernicia. He inherited the throne at his father Urien's death, but was killed soon after, and the kingdom was gradually absorbed by Bernicia and its successor state, Northumbria. The valor and bravery of Owain and Urien was celebrated by their bard Taliesin, contibuting to the lasting popularity of the two and ensuring that all three would be absorbed into the Welsh Arthurian milieu. Angles (German: Angeln, Old English: Englas, Latin: singular Anglus, plural Anglii) were Germanic people, from Angeln in Schleswig, who settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria in the 5th century. ... Bernicia (Brythonic, Brynaich or Bryneich) was a kingdom of the Angles in northern England during the 6th and 7th centuries AD. It later merged with the kingdom of Deira to form the kingdom of Northumbria. ... The succession of states theory asserts that all possessions and territory held by a state are automatically transferred to the successor state, the state which succeeds it. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of an Anglian kingdom which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, and of the much smaller earldom which succeeded the kingdom. ... For the studio established by Frank Lloyd Wright, see Taliesin (studio) Taliesin or Taliessin (c. ...

Owain appears in several of the Welsh Triads, where his father, sister, horse and personal bard are all acclaimed but his wife Penarwan is named one of the "Three Faithless Wives of Britain", along with her sister Esyllt (Iseult, Tristan's love). In The Dream of Rhonabwy, a tale associated with the Mabinogion, Owain is one of Arthur's top warriors and plays a game of chess against him while the Saxons prepare to fight the Battle of Badon. Three times during the game, Owain's men inform him that Arthur's squires have been slaughtering his ravens, but when Owain protests, Arthur simply responds, "Your move." Then Owain's ravens retaliate against the squires, and but Owain doesn't stop them until Arthur crushes the chess men. The Saxon leaders arrive and ask for a truce of two weeks, and the armies move on to Cornwall. Rhonabwy, the dreamer of the tale, awakens, and the reader is left as confused as he is. The Dream of Rhonabwy has never been satisfactorily interpreted. The Welsh Triads (Welsh, Trioedd Ynys Prydein) is used to describe any of the related Medieval collection of groupings of three that preserve a major portion of Welsh folklore and Welsh literature. ... In the Arthurian Legend of Tristan and Iseult (alternatively Isolde, Yseult, Isode, Isotta, etc. ... Tristan (Latin/Brythonic: Drustanus; Welsh: Drystan; also known as Tristran, Tristram etc), was a Cornish hero from folklore, and one of the Knights of the Round Table whose story is told in the Matter of Britain. ... The Mabinogion is a collection of prose stories from medieval Welsh manuscripts. ... This article is about the Saxons, a Germanic people. ... In the Battle of Mount Badon (Latin Mons Badonicus, Welsh Mynydd Baddon) Romano_British and Celts inflicted a severe defeat on an invading Anglo-Saxon army sometime in the decade before or after 500. ... Species See text Many large black birds of the genus Corvus are called ravens. ...

It should be noted that Ywain's birth by the fay Morgan may have its roots in the Welsh legends. Two of the Triads claim his mother is the goddess-like Modron, encountered by Urien at a mysterious ford. Travelling through Denbighshire, Urien comes across the Ford of Barking, where dogs would congregate for some unknown reason to bark. No one is brave enough to go near it except Urien, who discovers Modron, endlessly washing clothes (a scene common in Celtic legend, see Mórrígan). He has his way with her, and she announces she had been destined never to leave until she had conceived a son by a Christian. She tells Urien to return at the end of the year to receive his children, these are the twins Owain and Morvydd. by Sophie Anderson A fairy, or faery, is a creature from stories and mythology, often portrayed in art and literature as a minuscule humanoid with wings. ... In Welsh mythology, Modron (divine mother) was a daughter of Avalloc, derived from the Gaul goddess Dea Matrona. ... Denbighshire (Welsh: Sir Ddinbych) is a county in North Wales. ... The Mórrígan (great queen) or Morrígan (terror or phantom queen) (aka Morrígu, Mórríghan, Mór-Ríogain) is a figure from Irish mythology widely considered to be a former goddess. ...

This might seem like justification enough to trace the Morgan-Ywain association back to Welsh legend, but in the continental literature Ywain is not associated with Morgan until the 13th century Post-Vulgate cycle. Morgan appears in Knight of the Lion as a healer, but Chrétien doesn't imply she is the protagonist's mother. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ...

See also Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain, below. Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain is one of the Three Welsh Romances associated with the Mabinogion. ...

Chrétien's "Yvain"

The settlers of Brittany brought much of their insular British culture when they came to the continent, and in the 12th century, updated versions of Breton songs and stories became popular with French audiences. Chrétien de Troyes wrote Yvain, the Knight of the Lion at the same time as Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart during the 1170s. In it, Yvain seeks to avenge his cousin Calogrenant who had been defeated by an otherwordly knight beside a magical storm-making fountain in the forest of Broceliande. Yvain defeats the knight, Esclados, and falls in love with his widow Laudine. With the aid of Laudine's servant Lunete, Yvain wins his lady and marries her, but Gawain convinces him to embark on chivalric adventure. His wife assents but demands he return after a set period of time, but he becomes so enthralled in his knightly exploits that he forgets his lady, and she bars him from returning. Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical duchy and French province, as well as the cultural area of Brittany. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Breton can refer to: The Breton language A person from Brittany Author André Breton This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Champagne, France, during the last half of the twelfth century. ... Yvain rescues the lion Yvain, the Knight of the Lion (French: Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion) is a romance by Chrétien de Troyes. ... Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart (French: Lancelot, le Chevalier de la Charrette) is an Old French poem by Chrétien de Troyes. ... Centuries: 11th century - 12th century - 13th century Decades: 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s - 1170s - 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s Years: 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 Events and Trends 1170 - Thomas à Becket assassinated 1171 - Saladin abolishes the Fatimid caliphate, restoring Sunni rule in Egypt. ... Sir Calogrenant, sometimes known in English as Colgrevance, is a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. ... A forest which is the setting for a number of adventures in Arthurian romance. ... In Arthurian Legend, Esclados was a knight who defended a magical fountain in the Forest of Broceliande. ... Laudine, also known as the Lady of the Fountain, is a character from Arthurian legend who appears in Chrétien de Troyes poem Yvain, the Knight of the Lion and all works based on it, such as the Welsh tale Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain and the German... Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In Arthurian legend, Sir Gawain (Gawan, Gauvain, Walewein etc. ...

Yvain goes mad with grief, but eventually decides to win back his love. A lion he rescues from a serpent proves to be a loyal companion and a symbol of knightly virtue, and helps him complete his altruistic ventures. In the end, Laudine allows him and his lion to return to her fortress.

Yvain had a huge impact on the literary world; German poet Hartmann von Aue used it as the basis for his masterpiece Iwein, and the author of Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain, one of the Welsh Romances included in the Mabinogion, recast the work back into its Welsh setting. The poem exists in a several versions in different languages, including the Middle English Ywain and Gawain. Portrait of Hartmann von Aue from the Codex Manesse (folio 184v). ... Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain is one of the Three Welsh Romances associated with the Mabinogion. ... The Three Welsh Romances are three tales associated with the Mabinogion. ... The Mabinogion is a collection of prose stories from medieval Welsh manuscripts. ... Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...

Ywain in other literature

Ywain appears in all the cyclical accounts such as the Vulgate Cycle, the Post-Vulgate Cycle, and Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, as well as in numerous independent romances. His importance is indicated by his close friendship with Gawain and the passage in the Mort Artu section of the Lancelot-Grail cycle where he is one of the last knights to die before Arthur. The Lancelot-Grail, also known as the prose Lancelot, the Vulgate Cycle, or the Pseudo-Map Cycle, is a major source of Arthurian legend. ... The Post-Vulgate Cycle is one of the major Old French prose cycles of Arthurian literature. ... Le Morte dArthur (The Death of Arthur)—the title is actually spelled as Le Morte Darthur in the first printing and also in some modern editions—is Sir Thomas Malorys compilation of some French and English Arthurian romances. ... Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In Arthurian legend, Sir Gawain (Gawan, Gauvain, Walewein etc. ... The Lancelot-Grail, also known as the prose Lancelot, the Vulgate Cycle, or the Pseudo-Map Cycle, is a major source of Arthurian legend. ... King Arthur is an important figure in the mythology of Great Britain, where he appears as the ideal of kingship in both war and peace. ...

See also: List of Arthurian Characters In Arthurian Legend, there were many people, often with conflicting names in different languages. ...

External links

• Yvain page at The Camelot Project
• Translation of Ywain and Gawain at the Camelot Project

References

• Rachel Bromwich (1963) Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain, University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0708313868. Triad: Peniarth 147
• Chrétien de Troyes, D.D.R. Owen (translator) (1988) Arthurian Romances, Tuttle Publishing, reprinted by Everyman's Library. ISBN 046087389X
• Chrétien de Troyes, Burton Raffel (translator) (1987) Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, Yale University Press. ISBN: 0300038372