Republic of Zambia
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free
Capital (and largest city)		Lusaka 15°25′S, 28°17′E
Official languages		English
Government		Republic
-	President	Levy Mwanawasa
Independence		from the United Kingdom
-	Date	October 24, 1964
Area
-	Total	752,614 km² (39th) 290,586 sq mi
-	Water (%)	1
Population
-	July 2005 estimate	11,668,0001 (71st)
-	Density	16 /km² (191st) 40 /sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2005 estimate
-	Total	$10.792 billion (133rd)
-	Per capita	$931 (168th)
Gini? (2002–03)		42.1 (medium)
HDI (2004)		0.407 (low) (165th)
Currency		Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Time zone		CAT (UTC+2)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+2)
Internet TLD		.zm
Calling code		+260
1 Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.

Zambia (IPA: [ˈzæmbɪə]), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in southern Africa. It borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania on the north-east, Malawi on the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia to the south, and Angola on the west. Formerly Northern Rhodesia, the country is named after the Zambezi river. Image File history File links Flag_of_Zambia. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Zambia. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Zambia was adopted in October 24, 1964. ... The State Coat of Arms is adapted from the arms of the Colony of Northern Rhodesia which dtaes to 1927. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free or Lumbanyeni Zambia is the national anthem of Zambia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Zambias population comprises more than 70 Bantu-speaking ethnic groups. ... Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose... This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. ... Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (born September 3, 1948) is the third President of Zambia. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... The Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory was developed by Gustav Cassel in 1920. ... Map of world GDP (PPP) by country using the IMF list for 2005 There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita for the year 2006. ... Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of a distribution. ... World map indicating Human Development Index (2004). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (2004) (colour-blind compliant map) This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report 2006, compiled on the basis of 2004 data. ... The Zambian kwacha has been the official currency of Zambia since 1968. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Time zones of Africa: Striped colours indicate countries observing daylight saving Central Africa Time, or CAT, is a time zone used in central and southern Africa. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard. ... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .zm is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Zambia. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Landlocked countries of the world. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Southern Africa ... Flag of Northern Rhodesia. ... Zambezi River in North Western Zambia The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is a river in Southern Africa. ...

History

Main article: History of Zambia

This article deals with the history of the country now called Zambia from prehistoric times to the present. ...

Pre-European era

The indigenous Khoisan hunter-gatherer occupants of Zambia began to be displaced or absorbed by more technologically-advanced migrating tribes around two thousand years ago. The major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants – the Bantu expansion – began in the 12th century. Khoisan (increasingly commonly spelled Khoesan or Khoe-San) is the name for two major ethnic groups of southern Africa. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ... Map showing the approximate distribution of Bantu (dull yellow) vs. ... The Bantu refer to over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, united by a common language family, the Bantu languages, and in many cases common customs. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ...

Among them, the Tonga people (also called Batonga) were first to settle in Zambia and are believed to have come from the far east near the "big sea." The Nkoya people had also come much earlier with some suggesting that they came first into what is today called Zambia from the Luba-Lunda kingdoms in the north. The term Tonga or Batonga is used to designate several ethnic groups living in northern Malawi, southern Zambia, north-western Zimbabwe around Binga, and southern Tanzania. ...

Other groups followed with the greatest influx coming between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. These later migrants came primarily from the Luba and Lunda tribes of southern Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola but were joined in the 19th century by Ngoni peoples from the south. By the later part of the 19th century, the various peoples of Zambia were largely established in the areas they currently occupy. The (Nsokolo People) under the leadership of Joe Nsokolo Chupa, also known as Elvin, later came and settled in Mbala district in Northern province in the early 18th century. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ngoni people are a dispersed ethnic group living in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, in east-central Africa. ...

European colonial era

The earliest account of a European visiting the area occupied by present day Zambia was that of Portuguese national, Dr Francisco de Lacerda in the late 18th century. Others followed in the 19th century. The most prominent of these was Scottish explorer Dr David Livingstone. He had a vision of ending the slave trade through the "3 C's" (Christianity, Commerce and Civilisation). He is also famous for being the first European to see the magnificent waterfalls on the Zambezi River in 1855. He named them Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria. The falls are known in Zambia as Mosi-O-Tunya (in the Lozi or Kololo dialect), "the smoke that thunders." The Zambian town, Livingstone, near the falls is named after him. Highly publicised accounts of his journeys created a lot of interest and a wave of explorers, missionaries and traders after his death in 1873. David Livingstone (19 March 1813 – 4 May 1873) was a Scottish Presbyterian pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and explorer in central Africa. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Zambezi River in North Western Zambia The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is a river in Southern Africa. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Victoria Falls entrance Africas Victoria Falls or Mosi-oa-Tunya (the smoke that thunders) are, by some measures, the largest waterfall on the planet, as well as being among the most unusual in form, and having arguably the most diverse and easily-seen wildlife of any major waterfall site. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ... Memorial to David Livingstone Livingstone, main street Livingstone also Maramba is a town and provincial capital in Zambia, located about 10 km from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River. ...

In 1888, Cecil Rhodes, spearheading British commercial and political interests in Central Africa, obtained a mineral rights concession from local chiefs. In the west of the country, which came to be known as North Western Rhodesia, the British South African Company, Cecil Rhodes’ company, obtained mineral rights for the area from The Litunga, the king of the Lozi [4]. In the east, King Mpezeni of the Ngoni resisted but he was defeated in battle[5] and that part of the country came to be known as North-Eastern Rhodesia. The two were administered as separate units until 1911 when they were joined to form Northern Rhodesia. In 1923, the Company ceded control of Northern Rhodesia to the British Government after the government decided not to renew the Company's charter. Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Cecil Rhodes. ... The Litunga of Barotseland (now in Zambia) is the king or paramount chief of the Lozi people. ... Lozi, also known as Silozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language (of the Niger-Congo language family) that is spoken by the Lozi people primarily in southwestern Zambia and also, to a lesser extent, in surrounding countries. ... Mpezeni (also spelt Mpeseni) was warrior-king of one of the largest Ngoni groups of central Africa, based in what is now the Chipata District of Zambia, at a time when the British South Africa Company (BSAC) of Cecil Rhodes was trying to take possession of the territory for the... There this guy he is a pinner his name is koni nyienda he is a pinner nowone llikes himcos he is gay. ... Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Flag of Northern Rhodesia. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

That same year, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) was also proclaimed to be within the British sphere of influence and it was annexed formally and granted self-government. After negotiations, the administration of Northern Rhodesia was transferred to the British Colonial Office as a protectorate in 1924. The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British colonies. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In 1953, both Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively) were joined with Nyasaland (now Malawi) to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Federation was established despite overwhelming opposition from Africans, who demonstrated against it in 1960-61 and campaigned for its disbandment.[6] Northern Rhodesia was the centre of much of the turmoil and crisis that characterized the federation in its last years. The campaign was led initially by Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula's African National Congress (ANC) and later by Kenneth Kaunda's United National Independence Party (UNIP). The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Anthem God Save the Queen The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Capital Salisbury Language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1953-1963 Elizabeth II Governor-General  - 1953-1957 Lord Llewellin  - 1957-1963 The Earl of Dalhousie  - 1963 Sir Humphrey Gibbs Prime Minister  - 1953-1956 Sir Godfrey Huggins  - 1956-1963 Sir... Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula (1917? - 1983) was a Zambian nationalist leader who assisted in the struggle for the independence of Northern Rhodesia from British colonialism. ... Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) was the first President of Zambia (1964–1991). ...

In January 1964 Kenneth Kaunda was elected the first (and last) Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia. The Colonial Governor, Sir Evelyn Hone, was very close to Kaunda and urged him to go for the post. Soon after that there was an uprising in the north of the country known as the Lumpa Uprising led by Alice Lenshina. She was a self proclaimed prophetess who believed that she had had a visitation from an angel telling her to liberate the people. Many followed her and fought off authorities to their death — men, women and children alike. Her own brother pleaded in the newspapers for her to give herself up. This was Kenneth Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation. Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) was the first President of Zambia (1964–1991). ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Lumpa Church This is the name given to a religious movement that arose in Zambia in the 1950s. ... Alice Lenshina was born Alice Mulenga Mubisha (1920, Kasomo, Northern Rhodesia – 1978) in the Chinsali district of the northern province of Northern Rhodesia. ...

Independence

A two-stage election held in October and December 1962 resulted in an African majority in the legislative council and an uneasy coalition between the two African nationalist parties. The council passed resolutions calling for Northern Rhodesia's secession from the federation and demanding full internal self-government under a new constitution and a new National Assembly based on a broader, more democratic franchise. Led by Kenneth Kaunda, on 31 December 1963, the federation was dissolved, and Northern Rhodesia became the Republic of Zambia on 24 October 1964. At that time, Kaunda became the country's first president. Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The National Assembly is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. ... Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) was the first President of Zambia (1964–1991). ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

At independence, despite its considerable mineral wealth, Zambia faced major challenges. Domestically, there were few trained and educated Zambians capable of running the government, and the economy was largely dependent on foreign expertise. Abroad, three of its neighbours – Southern Rhodesia and the Portuguese colonies of Mozambique and Angola – remained under white-dominated rule. Southern Rhodesia's white-ruled government unilaterally declared independence in November, 1965. In addition, Zambia shared a border with South African-controlled South-West Africa (now Namibia).

Post-Independence

Zambia's sympathies lay with forces opposing colonial or white-dominated rule, particularly in Southern Rhodesia. During the next decade, it actively supported movements such as the National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU); the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC); and the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). The União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) is an Angolan political faction. ... The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union was a political party in Zimbabwe. ... For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ... The South West African Peoples Organization is a political party in Namibia. ...

Conflicts with Rhodesia (so renamed from Southern Rhodesia) resulted in the closing of Zambia's borders with that country and severe problems with international transport and power supply. However, the Kariba hydroelectric station on the Zambezi River provided sufficient capacity to satisfy the country's requirements for electricity (despite the fact that the hydro control centre was on the Rhodesian side of the border). A railway to the Tanzanian port of Dar es Salaam, built with Chinese assistance, reduced Zambian dependence on railway lines south to South Africa and west through an increasingly troubled Angola. Until the completion of the railway, however, Zambia's major artery for imports and the critical export of copper was along the TanZam Road, running from Zambia to the port cities in Tanzania. Also a pipeline for oil was built from Dar-es-Salaam to Ndola in Zambia. Kariba is a town in Mashonaland West province, Zimbabwe, located close to the Kariba Dam at the northwestern end of Lake Kariba, near the Zambian border. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Dar es Salaam (دار السلام), formerly Mzizima, is the largest city (pop. ... Ndola is the second-largest city in Zambia, with a population of 374,757 (2000 census}. It is the main hub of the Copperbelt, a region in which Zambias copper is mined. ...

By the late 1970s, Mozambique and Angola had attained independence from Portugal. Zimbabwe achieved independence in accordance with the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement, however Zambia's problems were not solved. Civil war in the former Portuguese colonies generated an influx of refugees and caused continuing transportation problems. The Benguela railway, which extended west through Angola, was essentially closed to traffic from Zambia by the late 1970s. Zambia's strong support for the ANC, which had its external headquarters in Lusaka, created security problems as South Africa raided ANC targets in Zambia. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The Lancaster House Agreement was the independence agreement for Rhodesia, now known as Zimbabwe. ... The Benguela railway is a railroad operated by the Caminho de Ferro de Benguela that connects the Atlantic port of Lobito, Angola, to the railroad systems of Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Zambia. ... Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. ...

In the mid-1970s, the price of copper, Zambia's principal export, suffered a severe decline worldwide. In Zambia's situation, the cost of transporting the copper great distances to market was an additional strain. Zambia turned to foreign and international lenders for relief, but, as copper prices remained depressed, it became increasingly difficult to service its growing debt. By the mid-1990s, despite limited debt relief, Zambia's per capita foreign debt remained among the highest in the world. General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Zambia

Zambia's politics takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Zambia is both head of state and head of government in a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) became a republic immediately upon attaining independence in October 1964. Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) became a republic immediately upon attaining independence in October 1964. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where the executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separate from the legislature, to which it is not accountable, and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose... This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... Flag of Northern Rhodesia. ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

Administrative divisions

Map showing Zambia's provinces.

Main articles: Provinces of Zambia and Districts of Zambia

Zambia is divided into 9 provinces, each administered by an appointed deputy minister (essentially performing the duties of a governor). Each province is subdivided into four to twelve districts to make a total of 72 districts. There have been calls to establish a 10th province to be called 'Kafue Province'. The provinces are: Image File history File links ZM-provinces. ... Image File history File links ZM-provinces. ... Zambia is divided into nine provinces (capitals in parentheses)- Central Province (Kabwe) Copperbelt Province (Ndola) Eastern Province (Chipata) Luapula Province (Mansa) Lusaka Province (Lusaka) Northern Province (Kasama) North-Western Province (Solwezi) Southern Province (Livingstone) Western Province (Mongu) Categories: Zambia | Lists of subnational entities ... Zambia is divided into nine provinces and 72 districts. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ...

Central Province is one of Zambias nine provinces. ... Location of Copperbelt Province in Zambia The Copperbelt is a province of Zambia which is very rich in mineral deposits. ... Eastern Province is one of Zambias nine provinces. ... Luapula Province is one of Zambias nine provinces. ... Lusaka Province is one of Zambias nine provinces. ... Northern Province, Zambia, is a Province in the northern part of Zambia. ... North-Western Province is one of Zambias nine provinces. ... Southern Province is one of Zambias nine provinces. ... The Western Province, formerly known as the Barotseland, is in the western part of Zambia. ...

Languages

The official language is English, used to conduct official business and is the medium of instruction in schools. Commonly-spoken indigenous languages include the 7 major languages: Chibemba, Chinyanja, Lunda, Chitonga, Kaonde, Silozi and Luvale. These 7 languages are taught in schools and broadcast on national radio and television. The Ethnologue report on Zambia lists 42 languages and many more dialects spoken in Zambia. A Zambian languages website lists 78 languages. Some of the difference may be attributed to dialects in the Ethnologue list being counted as languages in the second list. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Bemba, also known as Chibemba and Ichibemba, is a Bantu language that is spoken primarily in Zambia but is also spoken in surrounding countries. ... Chichewa is the official national language of the Republic of Malawi. ... Lunda, also known as Chilunda, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family) that is spoken in Zambia, Angola and, to a lesser extent, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Tonga is a Bantu Language primarily spoken by the Tonga tribe of the South, Southern and Western provinces of Zambia and Northern Zimbabwe (although also spoken by the Toka and Leya, as well as many bilingual Zambians and Zimbabweans. ... Kaonde, also known as Chikaonde and Kawonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family) that is spoken primarily in Zambia but also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Lozi, also known as Silozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language (of the Niger-Congo language family) that is spoken by the Lozi people primarily in southwestern Zambia and also, to a lesser extent, in surrounding countries. ... Balovale means the Lovale people, also spelled Luvale and also called (in Angola) the Luena, an ethnic group mainly in the North-Western Province of Zambia, centred in the town of Zambezi which was previously called Balovale. ... Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ...

A number of the indigenous languages have altered quite dramatically during the process of urbanisation, Zambia being one of the most urbanised countries in Africa. Languages have assimilated words from other indigenous languages and English to such an extent that urban dwellers will often differentiate between the urban and rural dialects of the same language by prefixing the rural languages with 'deep'. E.g. a Bemba speaker might say "I don't know that word it is deep Bemba."

Education

Main articles: Education in Zambia and List of schools in Zambia

Lower education in Zambia is divided into three levels; primary, junior secondary and upper secondary. ... . ...

Lower education

Schooling usually falls into three levels: Primary (years 1 to 7), Junior Secondary (years 8 to 9) and Upper Secondary (years 10 to 12). So-called "basic schools" teach years 1 to 9, as year 9 is considered to be a decent level of schooling for the majority of children; however, schooling is only free up to year 7, and Unesco estimated that 80% of children of primary school age in 2002 were enrolled.^[1] Most children drop out after year 7 when fees are payable. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...

Both government and private schools exist in Zambia. The private school system began largely as a result of Christian mission efforts during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Amongst famous private schools are the Roman Catholic run St Mary's Seminary located in the Msupadzi area, south of Chipata, Eastern Province and Simba International School close to Ndola, Copperbelt Province. Private schools operate under either the British or American way of schooling, but also offer curricula approved by the Examinations Council of Zambia.

Higher education

Educational opportunities beyond secondary school are limited in Zambia. After secondary school, most students study at the various colleges, around the country.

There are two main universities: University of Zambia (UNZA) and Copperbelt University (CBU). They normally select or invite the brightest students to pursue courses there and competition to get in is very tight. The introduction of fees in the late 1990s has made the pursuing of an university level eductaion quite hard for some, although bursaries do exist from the state. In the late 1970s Copperbelt University (CBU) opened on the copperbelt, taking over most of what previously was the Zambia Institute of Technology (ZIT) site in Kitwe.

Other places of learning include NIPA (Public Administrations College), NORTEC (Northern Technical College), NRDC (National Resources Development College),Evelyn Hone College, ZIBSIP, ZCAS, ZAMIM etc.

Several teacher training colleges offer two-year programmes beyond high school, missionary hospitals dotted around the country offer high quality training of an internationally acceptable standard to nurses and several Christian schools offer seminary-level training.

• University of Zambia
• Copperbelt University

Geography

Main article: Geography of Zambia

See also: List of cities in Zambia

Map of Zambia.

More detailed map of Zambia

Satellite image of Zambia, generated from raster graphics data supplied by The Map Library

Zambia is a landlocked country in southern Africa, with a tropical climate and consists mostly of high plateau with some hills and mountains. At 752,614 sq. km (290,566 sq. mi.) it is the 39th-largest country in the world (after Chile) and slightly larger than the US state of Texas. Map of Zambia Location: Southern Africa, east of Angola Geographic coordinates: 15°00′ S 30°00′ E Map references: Africa Area: total: 752,614 km² land: 740,724 km² water: 11,890 km² Area - comparative: slightly larger than Texas, USA Land boundaries: total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1... Map of Zambia This is a list of cities and larger towns in Zambia. ... map of Zambia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Zambia Geography of Zambia List of cities in Zambia Talk:Zambia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... map of Zambia, converted directly from CIA World Factbook GIF File links The following pages link to this file: Zambia Geography of Zambia List of cities in Zambia Talk:Zambia Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1004x901, 50 KB)Map of Zambia showing main towns and other pertinent information. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1004x901, 50 KB)Map of Zambia showing main towns and other pertinent information. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1406x1183, 2041 KB) ECW to TIFF to PNG (compression level 9). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1406x1183, 2041 KB) ECW to TIFF to PNG (compression level 9). ... Suppose the smiley face in the top left corner is an RGB bitmap image. ... Satellite image of Congo, generated from raster graphics data supplied by The Map Library. ... A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ... Naples beach in Florida lined with coconut trees is an example of a tropical climate. ... Image:NONE Monte Roraima In geology and earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat rural area. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ...

Zambia is drained by two major river basins: the Zambezi River basin, in the south; and the Congo River basin, in the north. The part of Zambia drained by the Zambezi basin is about three-quarters of the country's total area. The part drained by the Congo basin is about a quarter of the area. Zambezi River in North Western Zambia The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is a river in Southern Africa. ... The Congo River (for a time known as Zaire River) is the largest river in Western Central Africa. ...

Zambezi River basin

In the Zambezi River basin, there are four major rivers that either run through Zambia or form the country's borders: the Kafue, the Luangwa, the Kwando and the Zambezi. The last three form part of Zambia's southern borders. The Kwando River forms Zambia's south-western border with Angola, then it runs easterly along the northern boundary of Namibia's Caprivi Strip before spreading into the Linyanti Marshes, which finally drain eastwardly into the Zambezi. From its confluence with the Kwando, the Zambezi flows east, forming the whole of Zambia's border with Zimbabwe. Kafue River, Chamufumbu, near Lubungu Pontoon, Zambia The Kafue River, a major tributary of the Zambezi, rises on the border between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and flows south westerly through the Lukanga Swamp which it drains. ... Luangwa River, Zambia, southern end near Ndevu The Luangwa River is one of the major tributaries of the Zambezi River, and one of the four biggest rivers of Zambia. ... The Cuando River (sometimes transliterated Kwando) is a river in central Africa. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Location: Caprivi, Namibia Area: 19,532km (7,541 mi ) Population: 79,852 (2001), 90,422 (1991) Capital: Katima Mulilo Time Zone: South African Standard Time: UTC+1 Caprivi, sometimes called the Caprivi Strip or Caprivi Region and formally known as Itenge, is a narrow protrusion of Namibia eastwards about 450km... Linyanti is a constituency in the Caprivi Region of Namibia. ...

The other two rivers, the Kafue and the Luangwa, lie entirely within Zambia and are major tributaries of the Zambezi. Their confluences with the Zambezi are on Zambia's Zimbabwean border at Chirundu and Luangwa town respectively. Before its confluence, the Luangwa River forms part of Zambia's border with Mozambique. From Luangwa town, the Zambezi leaves Zambia and flows into Mozambique, and eventually into the Indian Ocean's Mozambique Channel. Location of Mozambique Channel The Mozambique Channel is a portion of the Indian Ocean between the island of Madagascar and southeast Africa, namely Mozambique. ...

The Zambezi falls 100 m (360 feet) over the 1.6 km (1mile) wide Victoria Falls, located in the south-western corner of the country, subsequently flowing into Lake Kariba. The metre or meter is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ... Victoria Falls entrance Africas Victoria Falls or Mosi-oa-Tunya (the smoke that thunders) are, by some measures, the largest waterfall on the planet, as well as being among the most unusual in form, and having arguably the most diverse and easily-seen wildlife of any major waterfall site. ... The Kariba Dam is a hydroelectric dam in the Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi River basin in Southern Africa (28. ...

The Zambezi Valley, running along the southern border, is both deep and wide. Moving northwards the terrain shifts into a high plateau of 900 to 1,200 m (3000 to 4000 ft) to over 1,800 m (6000 ft) in the northern area of the Copperbelt. In the east, the Luangwa Valley curves southwards with hills on either side until it enters the Zambezi. In the west, large plains are a key geographic feature, flooding the western plains during the annual rainy season (typically October to April). The Zambezi and its river basin The Zambezi (also spelled Zambesi) is the fourth longest river in Africa, and the largest of those flowing eastwards to the Indian Ocean. ... Luangwa River, Zambia, southern end near Ndevu The Luangwa River is one of the major tributaries of the Zambezi river. ...

Congo River basin

Zambia hosts two major rivers from the Congo River basin: the Chambeshi and the Luapula. The latter forms part of Zambia's border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Chambeshi lies entirely within Zambia and is the furthest headstream of the Congo River. It flows into the Bangweulu Swamps, which provide the waters that form the Luapula River. The Luapula flows south then west before it turns north until it enters Lake Mweru. The lake's other major tributary is the Kalungwishi River, which flows into it from the east. The Luvua River drains Lake Mweru, flowing out of the northern end. The Chambeshi River is a river in Zambia. ... The Luapula River is a river in central Africa. ... Lake Bangweulu is a large but shallow lake in northern Zambia. ... Lake Mweru is a lake located on the border between Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 150 km west of the southern end of Lake Tanganyika. ... The Kalungwishi River flows west in northern Zambia into Lake Mweru. ... The Luvua River is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...

Lake Tanganyika is the other major hydrographic feature that belongs to the Congo River basin. Its south-eastern end receives water from the Kalambo River, which forms part of Zambia's border with Tanzania. This river has Africa's second highest uninterrupted waterfall, the Kalambo Falls. (The continent's highest waterfalls is the Tugela Falls in South Africa.) Lake Tanganyika is a large lake in central Africa (3° 20 to 8° 48 South and from 29° 5 to 31° 15 East). ... Hydrography is the measurement of physical characteristics of waters and marginal land. ... The Kalambo River lies on the border between Zambia and Tanzania. ... Kalambo Falls Kalambo Falls is a 772ft (235m) single drop waterfall on the border of Zambia and Tanzania at the southeast end of Lake Tanganyika. ... Tugela Falls are the worlds second highest waterfall. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Zambia

About 73% percent of Zambians live below the recognised national poverty line [7], with rural poverty rates standing at about 83%[8] and urban rates of 56% [9]. Per capita annual incomes are currently at about one-half their levels at independence and, at $395, place the country among the world's poorest nations. Social indicators continue to decline, particularly in measurements of life expectancy at birth (about 37 years) and maternal mortality (729 per 100,000 pregnancies). The country's rate of economic growth cannot support rapid population growth or the strain which HIV/AIDS related issues (i.e. rising medical costs, decline in worker productivity) place on government resources. Zambia is also one of sub-Saharan Africa's most highly urbanised countries. Almost one-half of the country's eleven million people are concentrated in a few urban zones strung along the major transportation corridors, while rural areas are sparsely populated. Unemployment and underemployment are serious problems. Zambia is one of Sub-Saharan Africas most highly urbanized countries. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ...

HIV/AIDS is the nation's greatest problem, with 17% prevalence among the adult population. HIV/AIDS will continue to impact Zambian economic, political, cultural, and social development for the foreseeable future.

Once a middle-income country, Zambia began to slide into poverty in the 1970s when copper prices declined on world markets. The socialist government made up for falling revenue with several abortive attempts at International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes (SAPs), which ended after popular outcries from the people. After democratic multi-party elections, the Chiluba government (1991-2001) came to power in November 1991 committed to an economic reform programme. The government privatised most of the parastatals (state-owned corporations), maintained positive real interest rates, eliminated exchange controls, and endorsed free market principles. Corruption grew dramatically under the Chiluba government. It remains to be seen whether the Mwanawasa government will be aggressive in continuing economic reform. Zambia is still dealing with economic reform issues such as the size of the public sector and improving Zambia's social sector delivery systems. NGOs and other groups have contended that the SAPs, in Zambia and other countries, have had very detrimental effects on the poor. [10] Zambia's total foreign debt exceeded $6 billion when the country qualified for Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) debt relief in 2000, contingent upon meeting certain performance criteria. Initially, Zambia hoped to reach the HIPC completion point, and benefit from substantial debt forgiveness, in late 2003. In January 2003, the Zambian government informed the IMF and World Bank that it wished to renegotiate some of the agreed performance criteria calling for privatisation of the Zambia National Commercial Bank and the national telephone and electricity utilities. Although agreements were reached on these issues, subsequent overspending on civil service wages delayed Zambia's final HIPC debt forgiveness from late 2003 to early 2005, at the earliest. In an effort to reach HIPC completion in 2004, the government drafted an austerity budget for 2004, freezing civil service salaries and increasing a number of taxes. The labour movement and other components of civil society have objected to the sacrifices called for in the budget, and, in some cases, the role of the international financial institutions in demanding austerity. This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Structural adjustment is a term used to describe the policy changes implemented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (the Bretton Woods Institutions) in developing countries. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or &#8212; especially in India &#8212; disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership. ... In economics, the distinction between nominal and real numbers is often made. ... An interest rate is the price a borrower pays for the use of money he does not own, and the return a lender receives for deferring his consumption, by lending to the borrower. ... Foreign exchange controls are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents. ... < [[[[math>Insert formula here</math>The public sector is that part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the [[government </math></math></math></math> Direct administration funded through taxation; the delivering organisation generally has no specific requirement to meet commercial... A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization which is not a part of a government. ... The 38 states recognized as the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC). ... A conditionality in international development is a condition attached to a loan or to debt relief, typically by the International Monetary Fund or World Bank. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means...

The Zambian economy has historically been based on the copper mining industry. Output of copper had fallen, however, to a low of 228,000 metric tons in 1998, after a 30 year decline in output due to lack of investment, low copper prices, and uncertainty over privatisation. In 2002, following privatisation of the industry, copper production rebounded to 337,000 metric tons. Improvements in the world copper market have magnified the effect of this volume increase on revenues and foreign exchange earnings. Recently firms like Vedanta Resources, a London-based metals giant acquired Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) and have completely transformed the company allowing it to develop to its full potential and maximise the benefits for the employees. They are also investing a lot in the Zambian economy by undertaking the largest single investment into the country earlier in 2006. The most commonly present source of copper ore is chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), which accounts for about 50% of copper production. ... Vedanta Resources plc is a diversified and integrated metals and mining group with annual sales of $1. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Vedanta Resources plc (LSE: VED) is a diversified and integrated metals and mining group. ...

The Zambian government is pursuing an economic diversification programme to reduce the economy's reliance on the copper industry. This initiative seeks to exploit other components of Zambia's rich resource base by promoting agriculture, tourism, gemstone mining, and hydro-power. In 2003, exports of nonmetals increased by 25% and accounted for 38% of all export earnings, previously 35%. The Zambian government has recently been granting licenses to international resource companies to prospect for minerals such as nickel and uranium.^[2] Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ...

Demographics and ethnicity

Thatched-roof church in a Zambian village.

Grassland savanna covers much of Zambia, especially in the south-west. This is an example of the vegetation type taken in the dry season.

Main article: Demographics of Zambia

Zambia's population comprises about 72, mostly Bantu-speaking ethnic groups, but almost 90% of Zambians belong to the nine main ethnolinguistic groups: the Bemba, Nyanja-Chewa, Tonga, Tumbuka, Lunda, Luvale, Kaonde, Nkoya and Lozi. In the rural areas, each ethnic group is concentrated in a particular geographic region of the country and many groups are very small and not as well known. However, in Lusaka and the Copperbelt, all the ethnic groups can be found in good proportions. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1036 KB) A thatched roof Church in an Zambian Village auteur :spooceman There are no usage restrictions for this photo. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1036 KB) A thatched roof Church in an Zambian Village auteur :spooceman There are no usage restrictions for this photo. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 798 KB) auteur :spooceman There are no usage restrictions for this photo. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 798 KB) auteur :spooceman There are no usage restrictions for this photo. ... Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Zambias population comprises more than 70 Bantu-speaking ethnic groups. ... The Bemba (also called BaBemba) belong to a large group of peoples in northeast and northwestern Zambia who trace their origins to the Luba and Lunda states of the upper Congo basin, in what became Katanga (now Shaba) Province in southern Zaire. ... The Tumbuka are an ethnic group living in Northern Malawi, Eastern Zambia and Southern Tanzania. ... Lunda, also known as Chilunda, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family) that is spoken in Zambia, Angola and, to a lesser extent, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Balovale means the Lovale people, also spelled Luvale and also called (in Angola) the Luena, an ethnic group mainly in the North-Western Province of Zambia, centred in the town of Zambezi which was previously called Balovale. ... Kaonde, also known as Chikaonde and Kawonde, is a Bantu language (of the larger Niger-Congo family) that is spoken primarily in Zambia but also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... The flag of the Lozi people The Lozi people are an ethnic group primarily of western Zambia, inhabiting the region of Barotseland. ...

The country is 44% urban. Most rural Zambians are subsistence farmers. The predominant religion is Christianity which is also the official national religion. Expatriates, mostly British (about 15,000) or South African, live mainly in Lusaka and in the Copperbelt in northern Zambia, where they are employed in mines and related activities. Zambia also has a small but very economically important Asian population, most of whom are Indians. In recent years over three hundred dispossessed white farmers left Zimbabwe at the invitation of the Zambian government and have taken up farming in the southern region. Like most farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, this Cameroonian man cultivates at the subsistence level. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic is ravaging Zambia. Nearly one million Zambians are HIV positive or have AIDS. An estimated 100,000 died of the epidemic in 2004. Over a half-million Zambian children have been orphaned. Life expectancy at birth is just under 40 years.

Religion

See also: History of Church activities in Zambia

A thatched village church in Zambia. ...

Christianity

Zambia's constitution identifies the country as a Christian nation, but a variety of religious traditions exist. Traditional religious thought blends easily with Christian beliefs in many of the country's syncretic churches. Islam also has a visible presence especially in urban settings. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Islam came to Zambia during the colonial period, primarily from people from the Indian subcontinent establishing themselves along the railways in the central part of the country from Livingstone to Lusaka, although there is a growing trend of conversion to Islam by indigenous Zambians. ...

Within the Christian community, a variety of denominations can be found: Roman Catholic, Anglican, Pentecostal, New Apostolic Church, Lutheran, Seventh-day Adventist, Jehovah's Witness and a variety of Evangelical denominations. These grew, adjusted and prospered from the original missionary settlements (Portuguese and Catholicism in the east from Mozambique) and Anglican (English and Scottish influences) from the south. Except for some technical positions (e.g. physicians), western missionary roles have been assumed by native believers. After Frederick Chiluba (a Pentecostal Christian) became President in 1991, Pentecostal congregations sprouted around the country.^[3] Further information on the growth of Christianity can be found at the History of Church activities in Zambia The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated Adventist) Church is a Christian denomination with a worldwide membership of over 14 million and an active presence in most countries of the world. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to a broad collection of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions which are found among conservative Protestant Christians. ... Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (born April 30, 1943) served as the President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002, when Zambians elected former Vice President Levy Mwanawasa as his succesor. ... A thatched village church in Zambia. ...

Zambian-born Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo was a high-ranking Bishop at the Vatican until he left to marry Maria Sung, a 43-year-old Korean acupuncturist, at a ceremony officiated by the Rev. Sun Myung Moon in New York (May, 2001). He was ex-communicated by the Roman Catholic Church in September, 2006 for conducting a consecration of 4 married men as bishops. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Emmanuel Milingo (born June 13, 1930) was a Zambian Roman Catholic archbishop. ... Sun Myung Moon in 2005. ... To consecrate an inanimate object is to dedicate it in a ritual to a special purpose, usually religious. ...

Other religions

Islam in Zambia constitutes about 5% of the population.^[4] Islam came to Zambia during the colonial period, primarily from people from the Indian subcontinent establishing themselves along the railways in the central part of the country from Livingstone to Lusaka, although there is a growing trend of conversion to Islam by indigenous Zambians. ...

Zambia also has a very small Jewish community, mostly of Ashkenazi members of the White community. However, there have been notable members such as Simon Zukas, retired Minister, MP and a member of Forum for Democracy and Development and earlier on the MMD and United National Independence Party. Additionally, the economist Stanley Fischer, currently the governor of the Bank of Israel and formerly head of the IMF also was born and partially raised in Zambia's Jewish community. The word Jew ( Hebrew: &#1497;&#1492;&#1493;&#1491;&#1497;) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים Standard Hebrew, Aškanazi,Aškanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAškănāzî, ʾAškănāzîm, pronounced sing. ... The Forum for Democracy and Development is a political party in Zambia. ... In computer science, dynamic dispatch is the process of mapping a message to a specific sequence of code (method) at runtime. ... The United National Independence Party is a political party in Zambia. ... Stanley Fischer, Governor of the Bank of Israel Stanley Fischer (Hebrew: סטנלי פישר) is an economist and the current Governor of the Bank of Israel. ... Bank of Israel logo The Bank of Israel is the central bank of Israel. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ...

According to adherents.com,^[5] the Baha'i population of Zambia is over 160,000, or 1.5% of the population. The William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation^[6] run by the Baha'i community is particularly active in areas such as literacy and primary health care. Known in India as the Lotus Temple, the Bahai House of Worship attracts an average of three and a half million visitors a year. ...

Art and Culture

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please discuss this issue on the talk page or replace this tag with a more specific message. This article has been tagged since January 2007.

Zambia's present-day culture exhibits a blend of historical and cultural features from the past as well as the present. Traditional African practices and understandings continue to influence many aspects of Zambian culture, mainly in how people act towards elders, marriage guidance and ceremonies. For example, at a funeral, women show support to the grieving family by wailing uncontrollably upon arrival at the funeral gathering — usually at the deceased's house. However, after the ceremony, they can be found joking and greeting long forgotten family members. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...

The impact of the colonial era can also be seen in the lives of the people. Having been self-sufficient for centuries, surviving on the land, the Europeans introduced the concept of living independently of tribal organisations. New laws, ways of living and jobs had to be created to cope with this. Some families adapted well to this, but others continue to languish in semi rural-urban existence. Families that survive by subsistence farming, are often drawn to the city by its promises and hope. However, they end up working in low paying jobs and living in city slums. (For a general meaning see Colony) The Colonial Era is most commonly used to describe the period in history where Europeans, in particular, of The Old World began to colonize the The New World of The Americas. ... Like most farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, this Cameroonian man cultivates at the subsistence level. ...

Globalisation and urbanisation have made Zambian of both the above urbanised rural-born as well as the one that have been born in the cities. The latter is thoroughly modern — exposed to the internet, mobile phones, CNN, MTV, and influenced by American urban culture, music, and dress. Globalization is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that are the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural exchange. ... Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ...

Some of the well known artists from Zambia are:Nsokolo Joe, Henry Tayali, Mulenga Chafilwa, Stephan Kapata, Sylvia Mwando, Geoffrey Seti, Linda Chandia, Enock Ilungu, Victor Makashi, Mutafela Kapasoyesbwana and William Miko. The sculpture industry in the country is predominantly dominated by Flinto Chandia and Friday Tembo.

Traditional ceremonies and rituals 

Kathanga (Kafue Province), Ncwala (Eastern Province), Umutomboko (Luapula Province), Kuomboka (Western Province), Cing'ande (Southern Province), Likumbi Lyamize (North Western Province).

Traditional arts 

Tonga baskets, stools, fabrics

Food 

Nshima, Cibwantu, Kapenta (small, dried fish), Inswa (termites), Ifishimu (caterpillars), Dobe (fresh maize), vimbombo va nkhuku ( a delicacy made from chicken's feet), chiwaya cho kazinga (roasted maize), pumpkin leaves cooked in ground peanuts, casava, okra, rape,munkoyo (a fermented root and corn powder drink) and Kachasu (a power drink that put hair on a man's chest).

The Tonga women of the Southern Province of Zambia are famous for their basket weaving. ... nshima Nshima is a cornmeal product and a staple food in Zambia. ...

See also

This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to Zambia. ... The following is a list of people from Zambia: // Politicians Kenneth Kaunda Frederick Chiluba Reuben Kamanga Levy Mwanawasa Luke Mwananshiku Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika Kebby Musokotwane Harry Nkumbula Kalombo Mwansa Ronnie Shikapwasha Christon Tembo Katongo Mfula Anderson Mazoka Francis Nkhoma Simon Kapwepwe Michael Sata Mainza Chona Musicians Alick Nkhata P.K... This is a list of national parks in Zambia. ... This article deals with the history of the country now called Zambia from prehistoric times to the present. ... The body responsible for cataloguing and protecting monuments and historic sites in Zambia is the National Heritage Conservation Commission (NHCC) which has its headquarters in Livingstone. ... Telephones - main lines in use: 130,000 (including approximately 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (2002), 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 340,000(2004). ... A thatched village church in Zambia. ... // Total: 2,164 km (1995) Railtracker (ACIS/UNCTAD) Zambia Railway Network Diagram Zambia Railways Limited (ZRL) — 1. ... After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such as the ANC and SWAPO. During the cold war Zambia was a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. ... The Zambian Defense Force (ZDF) consists of the army, the air force, and Zambian National Service (ZNS). ... Logo of The Zambia Scouts Association The Zambia Scouts Association is the national Scouting association of Zambia and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1965. ... The Zambia Medical Mission is an annual medical outreach conducted in the remote villages of southern Zambia. ... Project Zambia Logo Project Zambia was initiated by St Marys CBGS Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 2002. ...

References and notes

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 14 is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 10 is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Wales (Prifysgol Cymru in Welsh) is a federal university founded in 1893. ...

External links

Zambia Portal

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Image File history File links Portal. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ...

NGO & Volunteers

• NGOs in Zambia — Join as a Volunteer or Donate

Government

• Zambia Mining The Ministry of Mines Guide
• Zambia Online The national homepage of Zambia
• Republic of Zambia State House official government site
• The Zambian Parliament official site
• Zambia National Tourist Board official Travel Guide site
• Bank Of Zambia BOZ
• Export Board Of Zambia
• Communications Authority of Zambia telco supervision and regulation
• Zambia Revenue Authority tax collection
• Lusaka City Council LCC
• LCC Waste Management Unit
• Kafue Gorge Regional Training Center hydropower courses

News

• Visit Zambia news portal, tourism, business information, culture, history, e-commerce portal.
• African News Dimension...breaking news second by second - Zambia news headline links
• Breeze 99.6FM radio station in Chipata
• The Lowdown monthly Lusaka magazine
• The Post private newspaper
• The Times of Zambia newspaper
• The Zambian newspaper
• Zambia News Agency government site
• Zamnet ISP and news portal
• Memeza Community powered Zambian news

Overviews

• BBC News Country Profile - Zambia
• CIA World Factbook - Zambia
• Open Directory Project - Zambia directory category
• US State Department - Zambia includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
• Business Anti-Corruption Portal Zambia Country Profile
• The Mineral industry of Zambia

Technology

• Open Source Zambia

Tourism

• Visit Zambia Campaign Visit Zambia...the Real Africa.
• Zambia travel guide from Wikitravel
• Ndikufuna Pictures and photographs of Zambia
• Zambia the African Safari Promotes Zambia's tourism and safaris

Other

• Zambiz - Zambia's Business Website Directory
• Zambia Overseas Christian Fellowship
• Current time in Zambia
• Zamnet: News site and ISP
• The Official Hindu Jyot Hindu Association of Zambia Website
• Voter turnout, Gender quotas, Electoral system design and Political party financing in Zambia
• Zambian doctors, medical education, hospitals and more
• Bwanji.com Zambian social and community site
• Truly Zambian Social networking for Zambia
• Development Aid from people to People Zambia
• Mission program to bring water to the people of Zambia
• Subayo Foundation A not for profit charity for women and children in Zambia based out of the US.

Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...

Geographic locale

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Niger-Congo-speaking nations

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Kordofanian

 Sudan Map showing the distribution of Niger-Congo languages The Niger-Congo languages constitute one of the worlds major language families, and Africas largest in terms of geographical area, number of speakers, and number of distinct languages. ... Several Kordofanian languages are spoken in the Nuba hills of Kordofan, in Sudan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sudan. ...

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Mande

Gambia  Guinea

Guinea-Bissau  Mali

Mauritania  Senegal

Sierra Leone

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Atlantic-Congo

Atlantic  Benin  Burkina Faso  Cameroon  CAR Ijoid  Nigeria

Chad  Côte d'Ivoire  Gambia  Guinea Dogon  Mali

Guinea-Bissau  Liberia  Mali

Mauritania  Niger  Senegal

Sierra Leone  Sudan  Togo

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Volta-Congo

Senufo  Benin  Côte d'Ivoire  Mali

Gur  Benin  Burkina Faso  Côte d'Ivoire  Ghana  Mali  Nigeria  Togo

Adamawa-Ubangi  Cameroon  CAR  Chad  Nigeria

Kru  Burkina Faso  Côte d'Ivoire  Liberia

Kwa  Benin  Côte d'Ivoire  Ghana  Nigeria  Togo

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Benue-Congo

Bantu  Angola  Botswana  Burundi  Cameroon  DRC Yoruba and Igbo  Nigeria

Rep. of the Congo  Equatorial Guinea  Gabon  Kenya

Nigeria  Malawi  Mozambique  Namibia

Rwanda  Somalia  South Africa  Swaziland

Tanzania  Uganda  Zambia  Zimbabwe

CAR = Central African Republic    DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo Mandé is the name of an ethnic group or nation, as well as a group of languages which are spoken in several countries in West Africa, including Mandinka, Soninke, Bambara, Dioula, Kagoro, Bozo, Mendé, Yacouba, and Vai. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_The_Gambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Senegal. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sierra_Leone. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The (West) Atlantic languages1 of West Africa are a subgroup of Niger-Congo language family. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burkina_Faso. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic. ... Motto Unité, Dignité, Travail(French) Unity, Dignity, Work Anthem La RenaissanceFrench) E Zingo(Sango) Capital (and largest city) Bangui Official languages Sango, French Government Republic  -  President François Bozizé  -  Prime Minister Élie Doté Independence from France   -  Date August 13, 1960  Area  -  Total 622,984 km² (43rd) 240,534 sq mi... The Ijoid languages are spoken by the Ịjọ [Ijaw] and the Defaka (Afakani) of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, totalling about 10 million. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_The_Gambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea. ... The Dogon languages are spoken by the Dogon in Mali. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Liberia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Niger. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Senegal. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sierra_Leone. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sudan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Togo. ... In the classification of African languages, Volta-Congo is the major branch (in terms of number of languages) of the Niger-Congo phylum. ... The Senufo languages comprise ca. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... The Gur languages belong to the Niger-Congo languages. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burkina_Faso. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ghana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Togo. ... The Adamawa-Ubangi languages are spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, southern Central African Republic, by a total of about 12 million people. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic. ... Motto Unité, Dignité, Travail(French) Unity, Dignity, Work Anthem La RenaissanceFrench) E Zingo(Sango) Capital (and largest city) Bangui Official languages Sango, French Government Republic  -  President François Bozizé  -  Prime Minister Élie Doté Independence from France   -  Date August 13, 1960  Area  -  Total 622,984 km² (43rd) 240,534 sq mi... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... The Kru languages belong to the Niger-Congo language family and are spoken in the area ranging from the south-east of Liberia to the east of Côte dIvoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burkina_Faso. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Liberia. ... The Kwa languages are spoken in the south-eastern part of Côte dIvoire, in Ghana, Togo and Benin, and the south-Western corner of Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ghana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Togo. ... The Benue-Congo group of languages constitutes the largest branch of the Niger-Congo language family, both in terms of sheer number of languages, of which 938 are known (not counting mere dialects), and in terms of speakers, numbering perhaps 550 million. ... Map showing the approximate distribution of Bantu vs. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Angola. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Botswana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burundi. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... Motto Justice – Paix – Travail(French) Justice – Peace – Work Anthem Debout Congolais Capital (and largest city) Kinshasaa Official languages French Government Semi-Presidential Republic  -  President Joseph Kabila  -  Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga Independence  -  from Belgium June 30, 1960  Area  -  Total 2,344,858 km² (12th) 905,351 sq mi   -  Water (%) 3. ... Yoruba (native name ede Yorùbá, the Yoruba language) is a dialect continuum of West Africa with over 22 million speakers. ... Igbo is a language spoken in Nigeria by around 18 million people (1999 WA), the Igbo, especially in the southeastern region once identified as Biafra. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... Motto Unité, Travail, Progrès(French) Unity, Work, Progress Anthem La Congolaise Capital (and largest city) Brazzaville Official languages French Kituba (national) Lingala (national) Government Republic  -  President Denis Sassou Nguesso  -  Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba Independence from France   -  Date 15 August 1960  Area  -  Total 342,000 km² (64th) 132,047 sq... Image File history File links Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Gabon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kenya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malawi. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mozambique. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Namibia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Rwanda. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Swaziland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tanzania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uganda. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zimbabwe. ...

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Commonwealth of Nations

Sovereign states

Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Bahamas · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Botswana · Brunei · Cameroon · Canada · Cyprus · Dominica · Fiji · The Gambia · Ghana · Grenada · Guyana · India · Jamaica · Kenya · Kiribati · Lesotho · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Malta · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Nauru · New Zealand · Nigeria · Pakistan · Papua New Guinea · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Samoa · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Swaziland · Tanzania · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tuvalu · Uganda · United Kingdom · Vanuatu · Zambia This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations. ... Motto Country Above Self Anthem O Land of Beauty! Royal anthem God Save the Queen Capital (and largest city) Basseterre Official languages English Government  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II  -  Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian  -  Prime Minister Dr. Denzil Douglas Independence  -  19 September 1983  Area  -  Total 261 km² (207th) 101 sq mi... Motto The Land, The People, The Light Anthem Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia Royal anthem: God Save the Queen Capital (and largest city) Castries Official languages English Government (constitutional monarchy)  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II gooey!!! poo8  -  Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy  -  Prime Minister Sir John Compton Independence  -  22 February... Motto: Pax et justitia (Latin: Peace and justice) Anthem: St Vincent Land So Beautiful Capital (and largest city) Kingstown Official languages English Government Parliamentary democracy Commonwealth Realm  - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II  - Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne  - Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves Independence From the United Kingdom   - Date 27 October 1979  Area...

Dependencies
Australia:  Ashmore and Cartier Islands · Australian Antarctic Territory · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Coral Sea Islands · Heard Island and McDonald Islands · Norfolk Island      India:  Andaman and Nicobar Islands · Lakshadweep      New Zealand:  Cook Islands · Niue · Ross Dependency · Tokelau      United Kingdom:  Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Anguilla · Bermuda · British Antarctic Territory · British Indian Ocean Territory · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Falkland Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Montserrat · Pitcairn Islands · St. Helena (including Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands · Turks and Caicos Islands A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is the part of Antarctica claimed by Australia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Andaman Islands. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Political status Dependency of New Zealand Governor Anand Satyanand Area   – Total  450 000 km² (174 000 mi²) Population Scott Base: 10-80 seasonally McMurdo Station: 200-1000 seasonally Currency New Zealand dollar The Ross Dependency comprises an area of Antarctica (and other land masses in the Southern Ocean) claimed by... Anthem God Save the Queen Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Occupied Areas) Sovereign Base Areas indicated in pink. ... Motto: Research and Discovery Anthem: God Save the Queen Status British overseas territory Official language(s) - Commissioner Tony Crombie Administrator Michael Richardson Area 1,395,000 km² Population c. ... Motto: Loyal and Unshakeable Anthem: God Save the Queen My Saint Helena Island (unofficial) Capital Jamestown Status British Overseas Territory Official language(s) English Governor Michael Clancy Area 410 km² Population  â€¢2003 estimate  â€¢Density 7,367 18/km² Currency Saint Helenian pound (SHP) at parity with the UK Pound Sterling... Anthem: God Save the Queen Capital Georgetown Largest city Georgetown Official languages English Government Dependency of St. ... Motto: Our faith is our strength Anthem: God Save the Queen Capital Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Status Dependency of Saint Helena Official language(s) English Governor Michael Clancy Administrator Mike Hentley Area 201 km²(120. ... Motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat(Latin) Let the Lion protect his own land or May the Lion protect his own land Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Grytviken Official languages English Government British overseas territory  -  Head of State Queen Elizabeth II  -  Commissioner Alan Huckle Area  -  Total 3,903 km²  1...