Zamorin is the anglicised version of Samoothirippadu or Samoothiri or Swamy Thirumulpad, a title of the rulers of the erstwhile Hindu state of Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut)(Nediyirippu Swarupam), located in the present day state of Kerala, India, between the 14th and 18th century AD. Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District. ...   (IPA: ; , Written as േകരളം in the native language Malayalam) is a state on the Western Coast of south-western India. ...

Manavikraman Raja, the Samoothiri of Kozhikode is famous for being the ruler that received the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama on May 18, 1498. Dom Vasco da Gama (IPA: (Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, c. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Origins

The Samoothiri were previously known as the Eradis (rulers of Eranad).[1]. Eranad was a small state next to Polanad state, of which Kozhikode was the capital. It is said that during the 14th century, the Samoothiris killed Porlathiri the ruler of Polanad by treachery, and usurped that state. All of this may have been precipitated by the great flood of the Periyar river in about 1341AD. This flood resulted in the silting of the harbour of Kodungallur (anglicised as Cranganore), a town known to be frequented by Arab and Roman and Chinese traders (Refer Indian Ancient Maritime History). The silting led to the rise in prosperity of other ports like Kochi (also known as Cochin), and Kozhikode. The Zamorin assumed the title of Samoothiri(meaning Lord of the Sea)and continued to rule from Calicut.mangatu achhan was his herditary prime minister,para nampi,thinayacheri elayathu kozhikodu taliychenna nair, etc were other ministers.eralpadu was the title of crown prince,munalpadu (2nd to the crown),kuthiravatthu nair,kavalapara muppil nair,kottayam raja,palakkadu raja etc was his samanthas. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Events The Queens College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is founded. ... Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore ) is a city and a municipality in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Languages Arabic other languages (Arab minorities) Religions Predominantly Muslim Some adherents of Druze, Judaism, Samaritan, Christianity Related ethnic groups Mizrachi Jews, Sephardi Jews[], Ashkenazi Jews, Canaanites, other Semitic-speaking groups An Arab (Arabic: ‎; transliteration: ) is a member of a Semitic-speaking people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories... Area under Roman control  Roman Republic  Roman Empire  Western Empire  Eastern Empire Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a city-state founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... India has had a maritime history dating back almost 2,500 years. ... Kochi ( ; Malayalam: []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ...

Battles with neighbours

After acquiring the Polanad state, the Samoothiri turned his attention to other states (nadus) around him. He next annexed the state of Nedunganad. Between 1353-1361 AD, the Samoothiri Raja fought a series of small battles with smaller states called the Thirunavaya War. Events The Decameron was finished by Giovanni Boccaccio. ... Founding of the University of Pavia, Italy. ...

The two larger states were Walluvanad and Perumpadappu (also known as Perumpadapu Swaroopam). Walluvanad was the prime producer of rice and agricultural products in Malabar region. As a result of the feud, the Perumpadappu Rajas were forced to move their capital from Thirunavaya to Thiruvanchikkulam, when the Samoothiri captured Thirunavaya. After Thirunavaya was captured, the Samoothiri proclaimed himself as the Rakshapurusha (Malayalam for chief protector) and announced that from then on, he had the sole right of conducting the Mamankam festival - a major Hindu festival of the Bhagvati deity held at Thirunavaya. Walluvanad was a princely state in Kerala state extending from the Nila River (Bharathapuzha) in the south to the Panthaloor Mala in the North. ... Perumpadapu Swaroopam (also know as Madarajyam, Gosree Rajyam, Kuru Swaroopam) was the name of the Kingdom of Kochi. ... The Malabar region lies along the southwest coast of India and forms the northern part of the present-day state of Kerala. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ...

The Raja then turned to the prospering port state of Kochi. The Perumpadappu Rajas, or rulers of Kochi were forced again to shift their capital from Thiruvanchikkulam to Kochi during 1405 A.D. Kochi ( ; Malayalam: []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Events May 29 - Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, meets Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Earl of Norfolk Thomas Mowbray in Shipton Moor, tricks them to send their rebellious army home and then imprisons them June 8 - Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, executed in...

The Samoothiri Raja's army then landed via the sea at Ponnani where they built a fort during 1498. Samoothiri continued to battle the Walluvanad Raja without much success. The Kochi Rajas eventually succumbed to the Samoothiri around 1500, and becames his vassals. During December, 1500 the Samoothiri expelled the Portuguese from Kozhikode due to their demand for a monopoly, and they moved to a trading post at the city of Kochi. 1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kochi ( ; Malayalam: []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ...

Mamankam Festival

The land of ancient Mamankom, Thirunavaya is 7 km south of Tirur. Situated on the banks of Bharathapuzha, it is a place of historical importance. In olden days, Mamankam was a grand assembly of the rulers. Held once in 12 years, in which one among them was selected as the emperor of Kerala. It was an enormous trade fair also. The Mamankam festival was celebrated for 28 days with great pomp and pageantry where traders from outside came in ships and barges to Thirunavaya through Ponnani port. Thus the economic importance of Mamankam was high and hence the right to conduct and control it was important. Zamorin is the anglicised version of Samoothirippadu or Samoothiri Raja, a title of the rulers of the erstwhile Hindu state of Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut), located in the present day state of Kerala, India, between the 14th and 18th century AD. The Samoothiris had an interesting tradition which dictated... Thirunavaya is a small village in Malapuram district of kerala, south India. ... Tirur is a city and a municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Bharathapuzha is a river in India in the state of Kerala. ... Ponnani is a coastal town and a municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. ...

At the end of the rule of Perumals, the right of Mamankam was with Vellattiri, the ruler of Valluvanad. Later the Zamorin of Kozhikode, took this right by force and this resulted in dispute and bloodshed between these two Rajas.The Zamorin declared himself as MahaRakshaPurusha of the temple there.Valluvanad Raja used to send Chaver nairssuicied warriors to flight until death, to recapture the right from the Zamorin, who would stand poised at Nilapadu thara in Thriunavaya, surrounded by a large contingent of nair soldiers and his "samantha rajas and, generals, in every 12th year. The last of such Mamankam, was believed to be held in 1755, when Zamorin had a hair-breath escape from a chaver aged 16(comes from puthuman panikar family). For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District. ... Thirunavaya is a small village in Malappuram district of Kerala, south India. ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Mamankam is conducted on the banks of Bharathapuzha the second-longest river in Kerala, close to a holy town called Thirunavaya. Bharathapuzha is a river in India in the state of Kerala. ... Thirunavaya is a small village in Malapuram district of kerala, south India. ...

Manankam later was celebrated in 1999. It was organised under the advise of Dr. NM Nampoodiri a historian in Kerala and designed and produced by his friend Mr. Gireesan K. for Malabar Pepperfest an event managed by him.

A major attraction of the cultural events is the enactment of Mamankam festival held during the rule of the erstwhile rulers of Malabar -- Zamorins -- once in 12 years. A display of pomp and power, the last Mamankam festival was held in 1755 AD.

The full-scale re-enactment would feature over 200 trained exponents of the age- old traditional martial art form -- Kalaripayattu -- performing at the original location of the Mamankam -- on the banks of the historical river Nila. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The first edition of the festival held in January 1999 was lauded by many as one of the most eco-tourism ventures that provides opportunity to do business with leisure. “A festival of this kind will certainly promote sustainable eco-tourism with underlying benefits to basic economic sectors like agriculture," said Phil Frampton, a travel writer who attended the festival. Pat Chapman, president of the International Curry Club observed that the festival underlined the intricate relationship between food and tourism.

Portuguese connection

Although the Samoothiri received the Portuguese warmly, relations between the two soured soon. This may have begun because the Portuguese at the outset demanded a trade monopoly to be granted to them, and the Arabs (who had centuries of dealings) to be expelled from Kozhikode.

Vasco da Gama, who was a swordsman by trade had been sent by King Manuel I of Portugal with a fleet of four ships to find the fabled land of India. However, Vasco's fleet was equipped by Captain Bartolomeu Dias, who had previously sailed to the tip of South Africa in 1488, but had to turn back from going onwards to India due to a mutiny on his ship. Diaz, who was used to dealing with African tribes that inhabited the West coast of Africa at that time, equipped the fleet with goods like glass beads, copper bowls, tin bells, tin rings, striped cotton cloth, olive oil, and sugar that had proved useful to him in trade with the tribes. Vasco was not equipped to deal with a sophisticated culture like India at that time, which was used to providing luxury material like cotton calico cloth, spices, pepper to the West. Dom Vasco da Gama (IPA: (Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, c. ... Manuel I can refer to: Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1143-1180) Manuel I of Portugal, King of Portugal (1495-1521) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bartolomeu Dias turning the Cape of Good Hope Statue of Dias in Cape Town, South Africa Bartolomeu Dias (pron. ... // January 8 - The present Royal Netherlands Navy was formed By decree of Maximillian of Austria. ...

Hence, Vasco could not offer the Samoothiri any substantial gift (which was customary for new traders to offer the ruler), and not having anything worthwhile to trade, he could not purchase the fabulous spices and other luxury goods that were offered to him. This may have led to his frustration with the Samoothiri, which was also reciprocated.

However soon afterwards, the Portuguese turned against the Samoothiri. The Samoothiri joined a coalition led by the Muslim Sultan of Gujarat, Mahmud Begara in the Battle of Diu in 1509 to try and defeat the Portuguese. A struggle by the Raja's navy led by his famous admiral, Kunjali Marakkar ensued and lasted several years. Finally the Raja had to allow the first European post in his realm to be established at Chaliyam during 1530. A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Mahmud Begada (May 25, 1458 – 1511) also known as Sultan Mahmud I was the great-grandson of Ahmed Shah, the founder of the Muslim Ahmadshahi Kingdom, and of the City of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India. ... The naval Battle of Diu was a critical sea battle that took place on 3 February 1509 near Diu, India, between Portugal and a joint fleet of Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, Ottoman Empire, Calicut and the Sultan of Gujarat, with technical maritime assistance from the Republic of Venice... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mohammed Kunjali Marakkar was the Muslim naval chief of the Samoothiri Raja Manavikraman (Samoothiri was anglicized as Zamorin) a title of the Hindu kings of Kozhikode (anglicized Calicut, also known as Kolikottu), in present day state of Kerala, India during the 16th century. ... June 25 - Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. ...

The subsequent Rajas collaborated with the Dutch East India Company to defeat the Portuguese/Kochi coalition during 1661, ensuring the rise of the Dutch in Kerala. The Rajas finally succumbed to the rising power of the state of Mysore, led by Hyder Ali in 1766. Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ... 1661 (MDCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Mysore   or MaisÅ«ru (Kannada: ಮೈಸೂರು,) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Key dates

• 1498 - Samoothiri builds a fort at Ponnani during his conquest of the nadus
• 1498 May 27 - Vasco Da Gama along with three ships and 170 men, lands at Kappakadavu, a beach town situated about 16km from Kozhikode, and is welcomed by the then Samoothiri, Manivikraman Raja.
• 1500 December - Samoothiri expels Portuguese from Kozhikode after an anti-Portuguese riot by Muslim residents of Kozhikode
• 1500 December 24 - Portuguese (led by Pedro Alvares Cabral) take refuge at port of Kochi, where the Kochi Raja offers them spices for trade
• 1501 January - Portuguese conclude a treaty with Tirumulpad, the King of Kochi, allowing them to open a factory there
• 1502 - Vasco Da Gama returns to India to try and control the Samoothiri. He bombards Kozhikode and burns a ship of Muslim pilgrims from Mecca.
• 1503 - Portuguese crown the new Raja of Kochi, effectively making him a vassal of the King of Portugal. Vasco returns to Portugal.
• 1503 March - Samoothiri attacks Kingdom of Kochi to foil the growing Portuguese influence, destroys the city
• 1503 - First Portuguese Viceroy Dom Francisco de Almeida arrives in Kochi to find it destroyed, manages to obtain permission to build a fort. Thus the first European fort is built in India by 1505 called Fort Manuel (after King Manuel I of Portugal) or Manuel Kotta.
• 1504 September 1 - Portuguese bombard and destroy the town of Kodungallur in retaliation
• 1505 March - Portuguese destroy several boats belonging to the Samoothiri, with severe loss of life [2]
• 1505 November - murder of the Portuguese factor Antonio de Sa, the other Portuguese men and the destruction of the church of St. Thomas in Kollam.
• 1506 - Samoothiri approached Raja of Kolathiri. The Portuguese had behaved contemptuously to the Muslims at Kannur, and so Raja of Kolathiri also intended to teach them a lesson. The Samoothiri laid siege the St.Angelos fort at Kannur. But the Portuguese won this battle, and the Raja of Kolathiri was forced to plea for peace.
• 1506 - Samoothiri's naval forces join the Turkish and Arab navys to attack the Portuguese navy led by Dom Lourenço Almeida, son of the Portuguese Viceroy. However, Portuguese repel attack
• 1507 November 14 - Portuguese under Almeida attacked Ponnani
• 1508 March - Sultan of Cairo's navy along with Sultan of Gujarat's forces defeat Portuguese at Battle of Chaul, killing Dom Lourenço Almeida
• 1509 February - Portuguese counter-attack and defeat the Samoothiri's forces and the Egyptian/Turkish Navy at the famous Battle of Diu. Turks and Egyptians withdraw temporarily from India, leaving the seas to the Portuguese until 1538.
• 1513 - Samoothiri and Portuguese sign a treaty giving Portuguese right to build a fort at Kozhikode, in return for their assistance in the Samoothiri's fight with the Kingdoms of Kochi and Kolathiri.
• 1520? - Assassination attempt on Samoothiri
• 1524 - King of Portugal re-sends Vasco Da Gama back to India to subdue the Samoothiri
• 1525 February 26 - Portuguese navy led by new Viceroy Menezes raids Ponnani, but the Samoothiri defeats them with assistance from Tinayancheri, and Kurumliyapatri.
• 1530 - Formation of Chalium (also known as Challe, now Chaliyam) fort by Portuguese - the Raja of Vettathunad enabled the Portuguese to erect a fort at Chalium at the mouth of the Beypore river. Chalium was a strategic site, for it was only 10 km south of Kozhikkode. Raja of Chaliyam also helped the Portuguese.
• 1540 - Samoothiri enters into an agreement with the Portuguese and stopped the war. Treaty allows the Portuguese a trade monopoly at Kozhikode port.
• 1550 - Portuguese attacked, pillaged and plundered Ponnani. They set fire to several houses and four mosques, including the Valia Palli.
• 1569-1570 - War between the Portuguese and Samoothiri's forces at Chaliyam fort.
• 1571 September 15 - Portuguese lose the war and surrender Chaliyam fort. Samoothiri destroys the fort.
• 1573 - Pattu Marakkar (Kunjali III) obtained permission from Samoothiri to build a fortress and dockyard at Puthupattanam. This fort later came to be called the Marakkar Kotta (Marakkar Castle).
• 1584 - Samoothiri needed free navigation without the passes of the Portuguese, to the ports of Gujarat, Persia and Arabia, to continue his trade. So an agreement with the Portuguese was made. The sanction to the Portuguese to build a factory at Ponnani was given. By now the Samoothiri had clearly shifted his policy towards the Portuguese.
• 1591 - Samoothiri allowed the Portuguese to build a factory at Kozhikode. He even laid the foundation of their church granting them necessary ground and building materials. His Muslim commanders like Kunjali III who were sworn enemies of the Portuguese felt ignored. Kunjali III began to distance himself from Samoothiri.
• 1598 - Samoothiri joined with the Portuguese and fought his own Naval Commander, Kunjali Marakkar III. Kunjali surrendered to Samoothiri, and Samoothiri handed him over to the Portuguese, who killed him after taking him to Goa in 1600.
• 1604 - Dutch East India Company concludes a treaty with the Samoothiri to permit trade at Kozhikode and Ponnani
• 1661 - Samoothiri joins a coalition led by the Dutch to defeat the Portuguese and the Raja of Kochi
• 1743 - Samoothiri continues war with Walluvanad
• 1757 - Samoothiri finally manages to defeat the Walluvanad state and annexes it
• 1760 - Hyder Ali, ruler of the state of Mysore intervenes to help the Walluvanad Raja and defeats the Samoothiri, who signs a treaty with Hyder Ali.
• 1766 - Last Samoothiri conducts the last Mamankam festival. Hyder Ali marches upon Kozhikode, and annexes it. Samoothiri commits suicide in his palace.

1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... Kappad, or Kappakadavu locally, is famous as the beach near Calicut, India, where the Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama landed on May 27, 1498. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A carrack, 14 of which Almeida employed in his voyage to the east Francisco de Almeida (pron. ... Manuel I can refer to: Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1143-1180) Manuel I of Portugal, King of Portugal (1495-1521) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore ) is a city and a municipality in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... 1505 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1505 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kollam (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a municipal corporation in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1507 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. ... 1508 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... Chaul is a former city of Portuguese India, now in ruins. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The naval Battle of Diu was a critical sea battle that took place on 3 February 1509 near Diu, India, between Portugal and a joint fleet of Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, Ottoman Empire, Calicut and the Sultan of Gujarat, with technical maritime assistance from the Republic of Venice... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... mary elline m. ... Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... June 25 - Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. ... Year 1540 was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Events June - Capture of Zutphen by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ... Goa   (Konkani: गोंय goṃya; Marathi: गोवा govā; Portuguese: Goa) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population (after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ... 1661 (MDCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... Mysore   or MaisÅ«ru (Kannada: ಮೈಸೂರು,) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• Hamilton, Alex. A new Account of the East Indies, Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels, viii. 374
• Hart, Henry H. The Sea Road to the Indies. New York:MacMillan Company, 1950.
• Danvers, Frederick Charles. The Portuguese in India. New York:Octagon Books, 1966.