Zaporizhian Sich or Zaporozhian Sech (Ukrainian: Запорозька Січ,Zaporoz'ka Sich) original Slavonic name "Zaporizhska Sich'" was the center of the Cossacks of Zaporizhzhia. The term has also been metonymically used as an informal reference to the whole Zaporizhzhia or to Zaporozhian Host. Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian, Old Macedonian, and inaccurately Old Slavic) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Solun (Thessaloniki) by 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Zaporizhia (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя, Zaporizhzhia; Russian: Запоро́жье, Zaporozhye) is a historical region of Ukraine. ... In rhetoric and cognitive linguistics, metonymy (in Greek μετά (meta) = after/later and όνομα (onoma) = name) (IPA: mÉ™-tŏnÉ™-mÄ“) is the use of a single characteristic to identify a more complex entity. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ...

Initially Zaporizhian Sich was a fortified military camp the foundation for which was laid out on the Isle of Khortytsia (Mala Khortytsia, Khortytsia Minor) in 1556 by D.I. Vyshnevetsky. But only in 1618 Hetman Petro Konashevych Sagaidachny ordered his Cossacks to build the earthen perimeter with the log walls on top of it. The log fort was surrounded with the massive abatis made from entire trees. Hence the term "Sich": it is a noun derived from the verb "to cut" and denotes the abatis way of fortification: by cutting the forest. Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Jeremi MichaÅ‚ WiÅ›niowiecki (1612-1651) was a notable member of the gentry of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, prince at WiÅ›niowiec, Łubny and Chorol and a father of future Polish king MichaÅ‚ Korybut WiÅ›niowiecki. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Old Slavonic vatamman, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Petro Konashevych (ukr. ... This article needs cleanup. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. ...

The Sich was a center of a Cossack state, Zaporozhian Host, governed by the Sichova Rada and sometimes the term Zaporizhian Sich is applied to the whole Cossack state. After the Treaty of Pereyaslav (1654), the Host split into two, the Hetmanate with its capital at Chyhyryn, and the more autonomous region of Zaporizhzhia which continued to be based at the Sich (although the Sich changed location several times). A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Rada is the term for council or assembly borrowed by Polish from Middle High German Rat (council) and later passed into Czech, Ukrainian, and Belarusian languages. ... Pereyaslav Rada The Treaty of Pereyaslav was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav during the meeting known as Pereyaslavska Uhoda (Pereyaslav Treaty). ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan of Turkey. ... Chyhyryn (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Polish: Czehryn) is a town in Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine with a population of about 12,900. ... Zaporizhia (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя, Zaporizhzhia; Russian: Запоро́жье, Zaporozhye) is a historical region of Ukraine. ...

The period after 1654, before it sided with Mazepa and was disbanded in 1709, soon after the Baturyn was razed, is sometimes referred to as the Old Sich (Stara Sich). From 1734 to 1775 the New Sich (Nova Sich) existed, disbanded after the failure of the Pugachev Uprising. Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа in Ukrainian; Иван Степанович Мазепа in Russian) (circa 1640 — August 28, 1709), Cossack Hetman (Ataman) of the Left-bank Ukraine in 1687—1708. ... // Events January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24. ... Baturyn (Батурин in Ukrainian), is a town in Chernihiv region in central Ukraine with a population of about 3,600. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... 1775 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Yemelian Ivanovich Pugachev (Russian: Емелья́н Ива́нович Пугачёв, best transliterated as Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov), born in 1740 or 1742 and executed in 1775, as a pretender to the Russian throne led a Cossack insurrection during the reign of Catherine II. Background Pugachev, the son of a small Don Cossack landowner...

See also

• Dmytro Yavornytsky, historian of the Zaporozhian Cossacks who mapped the locations of the various Siches.
• Zaporozhets - a Soviet/Ukrainian car, whose name means Zaporizhia's sitizen (like New Yorker in New York).

Dmytro Yavornytsky , pen name in Russian Evarnitsky, (November, 6 1855- August, 5 1940) was a noted Ukrainian historian, archeologist, ethnographer, folklorist, and lexicographer. ... The Zaporozhets (Russian: , Zaporozhets; Ukrainian: , Zaporozhets’) was a brand name of subcompact cars designed and built from 1958 at the ZAZ factory in Soviet Ukraine (Zaporozhsky Avtomobilny Zavod, or Zaporozhsky Automobile Factory). ...

External link

• Zaporizhia - Encyclopedia of Ukraine