Zecharia Sitchin's photograph from The 12th Planet

Zecharia Sitchin (born 1922)^[1] is a best-selling author of books promoting the ancient astronaut theory for human origins. He attributes the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the Annunaki (or Nephilim) from a hypothetical planet named Nibiru in the solar system. He asserts that Sumerian mythology reflects this view, though his speculations are largely ignored by mainstream scientists and historians who see many problems with both his translations and understanding of physics.^[2] Image File history File links Sitchin. ... Image File history File links Sitchin. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... // Paintings from Val Camonica, Italy, c. ... Sumeria may refer to: A back-formation from the adjective Sumerian, often used to mean the ancient civilisation more properly known as Sumer Sumeria, a disco artist best known for the 1978 hit Golden Tears 1970 Sumeria, an asteroid discovered in 1954 by Miguel Itzigsohn Donna Sumeria, a song on... For the fictional Anunnaki from Demon: The Fallen, see Annunaki (White Wolf) The Anunnaki are a group of Sumerian mythological deities. ... Nephilim are supernatural beings, specifically the offspring of human women and “sons of God” (proposed to be fallen angels), who appear significantly in several books of the Bible, as well as in the Torah and some non-canonical Jewish writings. ... An artists rendering of a hypothetical exoplanet. ... Chaldean mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies, although Chaldea did not comprehend the whole territory inhabited by those peoples. ... For a List of scientists, see: List of anthropologists List of astronomers List of biologists List of chemists List of computer scientists List of economists List of engineers List of geologists List of inventors List of mathematicians List of meteorologists List of physicists Scientist pairs List of scientist pairs See... This is a list of historians. ...

Life

Sitchin was born in Baku, Azerbaijan, and was raised in the British Mandate of Palestine. He acquired a knowledge of modern and ancient Hebrew, other Semitic and European languages, the Old Testament, and the history and archeology of the Near East. Sitchin graduated from the University of London, majoring in economic history. A journalist and editor in Israel for many years, he now lives and writes in New York. His books have been widely translated, converted to Braille for the blind, and featured on radio and television. A Grand Jury [2] investigation was opened recently into his written books. Coordinates: , Country Azerbaijan Government  - Mayor Hajibala Abutalybov Area  - City 260 km²  (100. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh to refer to its canon, which corresponds to the Protestant Old Testament. ... The University of London is a university based primarily in London. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Ideas

Fertile Crescent myth series
Mesopotamian
Levantine
Arabian
Mesopotamia
Primordial beings
The great gods
Demigods & heroes
Spirits & monsters
Tales from Babylon
7 Gods who Decree
4 primary: Semitic gods refers to the gods or deities of peoples generally classified as speaking a Semitic language. ... The word mythology (from the Greek μυολογία mythología, from mythologein to relate myths, from mythos, meaning a narrative, and logos, meaning speech or argument) literally means the (oral) retelling of myths – stories that a particular culture believes to be true and that use the supernatural to interpret natural events and... Image File history File links Palm_tree_symbol. ... Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq. ... In the Levantine pantheon, the Elohim are the sons of El the ancient of days (olam) assembled on the divine holy place, Mount Zephon (Jebel Aqra). ... Arabian mythology is the ancient beliefs of the Arabs. ... Mesopotamia refers to the region now occupied by modern Iraq, and parts of eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and southwest Iran. ... The apsû (also known as abzu or engur) was the name for the mythological underground freshwater ocean in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology. ... In Sumerian mythology, the Annuna, the fifty great gods, whose domain appears to be principally but not exclusively the underworld. ... The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Babylonia and is among the earliest known literary works. ... In Sumerian mythology, the utukku were a type of spirits or demons that could be either benevolent or evil. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Mesopotamian mythology. ... Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq. ... Anu Enlil Ki Enki	3 sky: In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians, Anu (also An; (from Sumerian *An = sky, heaven)) was a sky-god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, king of gods, spirits and demons, and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... In Sumerian mythology, Ninhursag (or Ki) was the earth and mother-goddess. ... Enki (DEN.KI(G)) was a deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology, originally chief god of the city of Eridu. ... Ishtar Sin Sama

According to Sitchin's interpretation of Sumerian cosmology, there is a hypothetical planet which follows a long, elliptical orbit, reaching the inner solar system roughly every 3,600 years. This planet is called Nibiru (the planet associated with Marduk in Babylonian cosmology). Nibiru collided catastrophically with Tiamat, another hypothetical planet that was between Mars and Jupiter. The collision formed the planet Earth, the asteroid belt, and the comets. Tiamat, as outlined in the Enûma Elish, is a goddess. According to Sitchin, however, Tiamat may have been what we now know as Earth. When struck by one of planet Nibiru's moons, Tiamat split in two. On a second pass Nibiru itself struck the broken fragments and one half of Tiamat became the asteroid belt. The second half, struck again by one of Nibiru's moons, was pushed into a new orbit and became today's planet Earth. For other uses, see Ishtar (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Shamash or Sama, was the common Akkadian name of the sun-god in Babylonia and Assyria, corresponding to Sumerian Utu. ... Cosmology, from the Greek: κοσμολογία (cosmologia, κόσμος (cosmos) order + λογια (logia) discourse) is the study of the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanitys place in it. ... An artists rendering of a hypothetical exoplanet. ... The term Nibiru comes from the Sumerian cuneiform tablets and writings dating 5,000 years old. ... Marduk (Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMAR.UTU solar calf; Biblical: Merodach) was the Babylonian name of a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon, who, when Babylon permanently became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi (18th century... Babylonia was an ancient state in Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad. ... Catastrophism is the theory that Earth has been affected by sudden, short-lived, violent events that were sometimes worldwide in scope. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 70 kPa Hydrogen ~86% Helium ~14% Methane 0. ... This article is about Earth as a planet. ... For details on the physical properties of bodies in the asteroid belt see Asteroid and Main-belt comet. ... Comet Hale-Bopp Comet West For other uses, see Comet (disambiguation). ... Tiamat is a mother goddess in Babylonian and Sumerian mythology, and a central figure in the Enûma Elish creation epic. ... Enûma EliÅ¡ is the Babylonian creation epic. ...

This scenario is scientifically disputed. However, Sitchin's supporters maintain it would explain Earth's peculiar early geography due to cleaving from the celestial collision—i.e. solid continents on one side and a giant ocean on the other—and would also explain why the Earth is layered in sediments.^{[citation needed]}

According to Sitchin, Nibiru was the home of a technologically advanced human-like extraterrestrial race (called the Anunnaki in Sumerian myth) who were called the Nephilim in the Bible. He claims they first arrived on Earth probably 450,000 years ago, looking for minerals, especially gold, which they found and mined in Africa. These "gods" of the Anunnaki were the rank and file workers of the colonial expedition to earth from planet Nibiru. Sitchin believes the Anunnaki genetically engineered Homo sapiens as slave creatures to work their gold mines by crossing extraterrestrial genes with those of the Homo erectus. Sitchin claims ancient inscriptions report that human civilization in Sumer of Mesopotamia was set up under the guidance of these "gods", and human kingship was inaugurated to serve as an intermediary between the Anunnaki and mankind. Sitchin believes that fallout from nuclear weapons used during a war between factions of the extraterrestrials is the "evil wind" that destroyed Ur around 2000 BC (Sitchin himself claims the exact year is 2024 BC[3]), as recorded in the Lament for Ur.^[3] Sitchin claims that his research coincides with many biblical texts, and that the biblical texts come originally from the Sumerian writings of their history. “Green people” redirects here. ... For the fictional Anunnaki from Demon: The Fallen, see Annunaki (White Wolf), the Outlanders series by Mark Ellis, and The Empire Chronicles Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression depicting the Annunaki. ... Chaldean mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies, although Chaldea did not comprehend the whole territory inhabited by those peoples. ... Nephilim are supernatural beings, specifically the offspring of human women and “sons of God” (proposed to be fallen angels), who appear significantly in several books of the Bible, as well as in the Torah and some non-canonical Jewish writings. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Standard atomic weight 196. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man) is the scientific name for the human species. ... Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Synonyms † Pithecanthropus erectus † Sinanthropus pekinensis † Javanthropus soloensis † Meganthropus paleojavanicus Homo erectus (Latin: upright man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo. ... Cities are a major hallmark of human civilization. ... Sumer (or Šumer) was the earliest known civilization of the ancient Near East, located in the southern part of Mesopotamia (southeastern Iran) from the time of the earliest records in the mid 4th millennium BC until the rise of Babylonia in the late 3rd millennium BC. The term Sumerian applies... Mesopotamia refers to the region now occupied by modern Iraq, and parts of eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and southwest Iran. ... For the comic series, see Monarchy (comics). ... Fallout is the residual radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion, so named because it falls out of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ... For other uses, see Ur (disambiguation). ... (Redirected from 2000 BC) (21st century BC - 20th century BC - 19th century BC - other centuries) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 2064 - 1986 BC -- Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt 2000 BC -- Farmers and herders travel south from Ethiopia and settle in Kenya. ... The Lament for Ur is a Sumerian lament composed after the fall of Ur to the Elamites and the end of the citys third dynasty (c. ...

When Sitchin researched his books, only specialists could read the Sumerian language, but now anyone can check his translations in the frequently contested Sumerian Lexicon.^[4] Sitchin's translations have been heavily challenged under linguistic scrutiny.

In a recently published book, 2012: Appointment With Marduk, Turkish proponent Burak Eldem presented a new view suggesting an orbital period of 3,661 years for the planet Nibiru, and positing a "return date" in the year AD 2012. According to Eldem's theory, 3,661 is one-seventh of 25,627, which is the total time span of "Five World Ages" according to the Mayan Long Count Calendar. The last orbital passage of Marduk, he adds, was in 1649 BC and caused great catastrophes on earth, including the Thera eruption. Sitchin has recently put forth his own date in the year 2085 for the next passage of Nibiru, but the date most talked about is 2012, which marks the end of the Maya calendar. 2012: Appointment With Marduk is Turkish writer/researcher Burak Eldems best-selling book (Istanbul, 2003) on hypothetical Planet X and Mayan End Date 2012. ... Burak Eldem is a Turkish writer/researcher and journalist. ... 2012 (MMXII) will be a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Maya calendar is actually a system of distinct calendars and almanacs used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and by some modern Maya communities in highland Guatemala. ... 1640 BC - The Middle Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt and the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt starts. ... View from the top of Thira Santorini is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, 75 km south-east of the Greek mainland, (latitude: 35. ...

Sitchin has also claimed that certain unusual human genes discovered in 2001 were not the result of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria as concluded by geneticists, but were instead inserted into the human genome by aliens. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also Lateral gene transfer (LGT), is any process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another cell that is not its offspring. ...

Controversy over his views

Sitchin's 'planetary collision' view does superficially resemble a theory which is seriously entertained by modern astronomers —the giant impact theory of the Moon's formation about 4.5 billion years ago by a body impacting with the newly-formed Earth. However, Sitchin's proposed series of rogue planetary collisions differ in both details and timing. As with Immanuel Velikovsky's earlier Worlds in Collision thesis, Sitchin claims to find evidence of ancient human knowledge of rogue celestial motions in a variety of mythological accounts. In Velikovsky's case, these interplanetary collisions were supposed to have taken place within the span of human existence, whereas for Sitchin these occurred during the early stages of planetary formation, but entered the mythological account passed down via the alien race which purportedly evolved on Nibiru after these encounters. An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics. ... The Big Splash The giant impact theory (or Big Splash or Big Whack; cf. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... Immanuel Velikovsky photographed by Fima Noveck, ca. ...

Similar ideas have been advanced by authors such as Immanuel Velikovsky, Erich von Däniken, and Laurence Gardner. Immanuel Velikovsky photographed by Fima Noveck, ca. ... Erich von Däniken Erich Anton Paul von Däniken (b. ... (disputed — see talk page) Laurence Gardner, historian, claiming to be, among others, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, Professional Member of the Institute of Nanotechnology, Chevalier de St. ...

Astronomical and environmental objections

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If planet Nibiru's orbit takes 3,600 years, then its aphelion would be much further than Pluto's. At such a distance from the Sun, temperatures are so low that water would exist as ice and life as we know it would probably be impossible. If a form of life can exist in such conditions, then it would not be water-based and could conceivably perish in Earth's much warmer temperatures. This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee & perigee, aphelion & perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms. ... Adjectives: Plutonian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ...

Sitchin counters the distance theory by stating that Nibiru may have an internally generated heat source. To quote Sitchin: "My answer has been that we need not go that far out to freeze to death, just rising above Earth’s surface would do the trick. It is the planet’s atmosphere that retains the warmth, be it warmth obtained from the Sun, or from an internal source of heat. The crucial issue for the Anunnaki, I explained, was to prevent the loss of Nibiru’s atmosphere; they sought to do that with a shield of gold particles, and they came here to obtain the gold."

Sitchin Bibliography

Please add ISBNs for the books listed in this article or section. Listing ISBNs makes it easier to conduct research. Improve the article or discuss this issue on the talk page.This article has been tagged since June 2007. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The International Standard Book Number, or ISBN (sometimes pronounced is-ben), is a unique[1] identifier for books, intended to be used commercially. ...

• The 12th Planet (Earth Chronicles, No. 1), New York: Harper, 1976, ISBN 038039362X
• The Stairway to Heaven (Earth Chronicles, No. 2), 1980, Avon Books (Bear & Company, 1992, ISBN 0939680890; Harper, 2007, ISBN 0061379204)
• The Wars of Gods and Men (Earth Chronicles, No. 3), 1985, Avon Books (Bear & Company, 1992, ISBN 0939680904)
• The Lost Realms (Earth Chronicles, No. 4), 1990,
• Genesis Revisited: Is Modern Science Catching Up With Ancient Knowledge?, 1991,
• When Time Began (Earth Chronicles, No. 5), 1993,
• Divine Encounters: A Guide to Visions, Angels and Other Emissaries, 1995,
• The Cosmic Code (Earth Chronicles, No. 6), 1998.
• The Lost Book of Enki: Memoirs and Prophecies of an Extraterrestrial god, Bear & Company, 2002, ISBN 1591430372
• The Earth Chronicles Expeditions: Journeys to the Mythical Past, Bear & Company, 2004, ISBN 1591430364
• The End of Days: Armageddon and Prophecies of the Return (Earth Chronicles, No 7), William Morrow, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-123823-9

Zecharia Sitchins photograph from The 12th Planet Zecharia Sitchin (born 1922)[1] is a best-selling author of books promoting the ancient astronaut theory for human origins. ... HarperCollins is a publishing company owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... Avon is a paperback imprint of HarperCollins. ... Inner Traditions - Bear & Company (or just Inner Traditions) is a book publisher founded in 1975 and based in Rochester, Vermont in the United States. ... Sir William Morrow DSO ED was a leading Australian surgeon and specilist in Gastroenterology he also served as president of the Royal Australian College of Physicians. ...

DVDs

• Are We Alone in the Universe? (based on Genesis Revisited), documentary, 1978 (2003 DVD release)^[5]

References

The Skeptics Dictionary is a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, published on his website skepdic. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ...

See also

• Ancient astronauts
• Nephilim
• Erich von Däniken
• Immanuel Velikovsky
• Planet X
• Planet V

... Nephilim are supernatural beings, specifically the offspring of human women and “sons of God” (proposed to be fallen angels), who appear significantly in several books of the Bible, as well as in the Torah and some non-canonical Jewish writings. ... Erich von Däniken Erich Anton Paul von Däniken (b. ... Immanuel Velikovsky photographed by Fima Noveck, ca. ... Planet X is a large hypothetical planet with an orbit beyond that of Neptune. ... For the Vanbrugh College dance party, see here. ...

External links and sources

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Scientific Evidence

• News reported: October 1999
• News reported: Wednesday, 13 October, 1999, 10:02 GMT 11:02 UK

Pro-Sitchin

• Zecharia Sitchin's Official Website
• Planet X Video
• Lloyd Pye: Intervention Theory
• Andy Lloyd's Dark Star Theory
• 2012: Appointment With Marduk - official site for Turkish researcher Burak Eldem's book
• Planet X in Bible Prophecy - official site for researcher Tim McHyde's book
• Nibiru Facts
• Hypothesized Nibiru orbit (image)
• Controversy about the existence of Nibiru
• DNA Genome Pattern Sitchin audio clip
• Rob Solarion's Planet X Nibiru

Critical of Sitchin

• Zecharia Sitchin's Ancient Astronaut Theories - A Skeptical Archive
• Zecharia Sitchin's Errors: An Overview
• Skeptic's Dictionary entry on Sitchin
• "Fehler und Fehlinterpretationen Zecharia Sitchins" ("Mistakes and Misinterpretations of Zecharia Sitchin") (in German)
• Michael S. Heiser on Sitchins theories