Zhuyin fuhao (Traditional Chinese: 注音符號; Simplified Chinese: 注音符号; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhùyīn fúhào; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhùyin fúhào; Wade-Giles: Chu-yin fu-hao), or "Symbols for Annotating Sounds", often abbreviated as Zhuyin, or known as Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) after the first four letters of this Chinese phonemic alphabet (bo po mo fo), is the national phonetic system of the Republic of China for teaching Chinese languages, especially Standard Mandarin, to people learning to read and write and/or to people learning to speak Mandarin. (See Uses). The system uses 37 special symbols to represent Mandarin sounds: 21 consonants and 16 vowels. Each symbol represents a group of sounds without much ambiguity. The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is an abjad of twenty-plus acrophonic glyphs, which is found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca. ... The Phoenician alphabet dates from around 1400 BC and is related to the Proto-Canaanite alphabet. ... The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet is an offshoot of the Phoenician alphabet used to write the Hebrew language from about the 10th century BCE until it began to fall out of use in the 5th century BCE with the adoption of the Aramaic alphabet as a writing system for Hebrew and... The Aramaic alphabet is an abjad alphabet designed for writing the Aramaic language. ... BrāhmÄ« refers to the pre-modern members of the Brahmic family of scripts. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...   This article or section uses Khmer characters which may be rendered as boxes or other nonsensical symbols. ... Javanese script is the script that Javanese is originally written in (not to be confused with Javascript, which is a programming language). ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... 11th century book in Syriac Serto. ... The Nabatean alphabet is a consonantal alphabet (abjad) that was used by the Nabateans in the 2nd century BC. Important inscriptions are found in Petra. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing Arabic and various other languages, together with various closely related scripts that typically differ in the presence or absence of a few letters. ... The Avestan alphabet was created in the 3rd century AD for writing the hymns of Zarathustra (a. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... Younger Futhark inscription on the Vaksala Runestone The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles, but before Christianization also on the European Continent. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ...   The Gothic alphabet is an alphabetic writing system attributed by Philostorgius to Wulfila, used exclusively for writing the ancient Gothic language. ... Tablet inscribed with the Glagolitic alphabet The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavonic alphabet. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced , also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages—Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian—and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Samaritan alphabet is a direct descendant of the paleo-Hebrew variety of the Phoenician alphabet, the more commonly known Hebrew alphabet having been adapted from the Aramaic alphabet under the Persian Empire. ... Photograph of Botorrita 1 (both sides), 1st century BC. The Iberian scripts (or Iberian alphabet) are two scripts (or two styles of the same script) found on the Iberian peninsula, the Northeast and South Iberian script. ... The ancient South Arabian alphabet (also known as musnad) branched from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet in ca. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... The Meroitic script is an alphabet of Egyptian (Hieroglyphic) origin used in Kingdom of Meroë. Some scholars, e. ... Jamo redirects here. ... Nearly all the segmental scripts (alphabets, but see below for more precise terminology) used around the globe were apparently derived from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; also Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) refer to one of two standard Chinese character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language, officially simplified by the government of the Peoples Republic of China in an attempt to promote literacy. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Phonetic (pho-NET-ic) is a nationwide voicemail-to-text messaging service available for most digital mobile phones in which a subscriber is provided a custom voice mailbox for the purpose of receiving all incoming voice messages as actual transcribed text for reading via short messaging (also known as SMS... Motto: Three Principles of the People (三民主義 San-min Chu-i) Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei (de facto)  Nanking (de jure)1  Largest city Taipei Official languages Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  - President Chen Shui-bian  - Vice President Annette Lu  - Premier Su Tseng-chang... Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

History

The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation, led by Woo Tsin-hang from 1912 to 1913, created a system called Guoyin zimu (國音字母 "National Pronunciation Letters") or Zhuyin zimu (註音字母 or 注音字母 "Sound-annotating Letters") which is based on Zhang Binglin's shorthands. (For differences with the Zhang system, see Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation#Phonetic symbols.) A draft was released on July 11, 1913 by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until November 23, 1918. Zhuyin zimu was renamed to Zhuyin fuhao in April 1930. The use of Zhuyin Fuhao has continued after 1949 on Taiwan and its outlying islands under ROC administration. On the Chinese mainland, Zhuyin Fuhao was superseded by the pinyin system promulgated by the People's Republic of China, although the pronunciation of words in standard dictionaries are given in both pinyin and Zhuyin. The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation (讀音統一會 Pinyin: Dúyīn Tǒngyī Huì) was established in the Republic of China (then still based in Nanjing) from 1912 to 1913 to select ancillary phonetic symbols for Mandarin, (Zhuyin was the product) and... Woo Tsin-hang1 (吳敬恆 Pinyin: Wú Jìnghéng, Wade-Giles: Wu Ching-heng) (March 25, 1865 - October 30, 1953), born Wu Tiao (朓 Wú Tiǎo), having the courtesy name Chih-hui (稚暉 Zhìhuī), was a Chinese linguist and philosopher who was the... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Zhang Binglin (章炳麟 Pinyin: Zhāng Bǐnglín) (December 25, 1868 - June 14, 1936) was a Chinese linguist, specializing in phonology and classics, who laid out the basis for Zhuyin. ... The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation (讀音統一會 Pinyin: Dúyīn Tǒngyī Huì) was established in the Republic of China (then still based in Nanjing) from 1912 to 1913 to select ancillary phonetic symbols for Mandarin, (Zhuyin was the product) and... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ...

The ROC Education Ministry has attempted for many years to phase out the use of Zhuyin in favor of a system based on Roman characters (see MPS II). However, this transition has been extremely slow due to the difficulty in teaching elementary school teachers a new Roman-based system. Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (國語注音符號第二式), abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). ...

Use as an input method

Zhuyin can be used as an input method for Chinese characters. It is one of the few input methods that can be found on most modern personal computers without the user having to download or install any additional software. It is also one of the few input methods that can be used for inputting Chinese characters on certain cell phones. An input method editor (IME) is a program or operating system component that allows computer users to enter complex characters and symbols (such as Japanese, Chinese, Tibetan and Korean characters), using a standard Western keyboard. ... Motorola T2288 mobile phone A mobile phone is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a telephone only within a limited range). ...

Zhuyin keypads are typical on cell phones in Taiwan

A typical keyboard layout for Zhuyin on computers

Image File history File linksMetadata Zhuyin_on_cell_phone_detail. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Zhuyin_on_cell_phone_detail. ... Image File history File links Keyboard layout for Zhuyin File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Computers and other typing devices offer many different keyboard layouts for inputting data in different languages. ...

Symbol origins

There was no official document explaining the details of the origins of the characters, but they are apparent if one understands some basic Chinese characters. The zhuyin symbols are mainly fragments of characters that contain the sound that each symbol represents. For example: 漢字 / 汉字 Chinese character in Hànzì, Kanji, Hanja, Hán Tự. Red in Simplified Chinese. ...

• ㄝ (e) ← 也 (yě)
• ㄞ (ai) ← 亥 (hài)
• ㄟ (ei) ← 飛 (fēi)
• ㄦ (er) ← 兒 (ér)

A few were made by adding additional strokes, for example:

• ㄉ (d) ← 刀 (dāo)
• ㄌ (l) ← 力 (lì)
• ㄘ (c) ← 七 (cī, now pronounced qī)

A few are virtually identical to Chinese characters still in use, for example:

• 一 (i) ← 一 (yī)
• ㄚ (a) ← 丫 (yā)

Many are nearly entirely identical to radicals with the same sounds, for example: The left part of mā, a Chinese character meaning mother, is a radical that means woman A radical (from Latin radix, meaning root) is a basic identifiable component of every Chinese character. ...

• ㄆ (p) ← 攵 (pū)
• ㄇ (m) ← 冖 (mì)
• ㄈ (f) ← 匚 (fāng)
• ㄎ (k) ← 丂 (kǎo)
• ㄏ (h) ← 厂 (hǎn)
• ㄗ (z) ← 卩 (zié, now pronounced jié)
• ㄕ (sh) ← 尸 (shī)
• ㄤ (ang) ← 尢 (wāng)
• ㄩ (ü) ← 凵 (qū)
• ㄡ (ou) ← 又 (yòu)
• ㄖ (r) ← 日 (rì)
• ㄔ (chi) ← 彳 (chì)

Other symbols are based entirely or partly on obsolete variants of characters, for example:

• ㄅ (b) ← 勹 (bāo); ancient form of 包
• ㄨ (u) ← 五 (wǔ); likely ㄨ, the ancient form of 五
• ㄓ (zh) ← 之 (zhī); ancient form of 之
• ㄠ (ao) ← 幺 (yāo); least
• ㄋ (n) ← 乃 (nǎi)
• ㄒ (x) ← 丅 (xià); ancient form of 下
• ㄙ (s) ← 厶 (sī); ancient form of 私

There are still others that are totally unlike any known symbols, but were designed to look like, and be written in the same style as, Chinese characters. The Zhuyin characters usually are represented in typographic fonts as if drawn with an ink brush (as in Regular Script). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sheng Jiao Xu by Chu Suiliang: calligraphy of the Kaishu style The Regular Script, or in Chinese Kaishu (楷書 Pinyin: kǎishū) and Japanese Kaisho, also commonly known as Standard Regular (正楷), is the newest of the Chinese calligraphy styles (peaked at the 7th century), hence most common in modern writings and...

Uses

These phonetic symbols sometimes appear as ruby characters printed next to the Chinese characters in young children's books, and in editions of classical texts (which frequently use characters that appear at very low frequency rates in newspapers and other such daily fare). In advertisements, these phonetic symbols are sometimes used to write certain particles (e.g., ㄉ instead of 的); other than this, one seldom sees these symbols used in mass media adult publications except as a pronunciation guide (or index system) in dictionary entries. Bopomofo symbols are also mapped to the ordinary Roman character keyboard (1 = bo, q = po, a = mo, and so forth) used in one method for inputting Chinese text when using the computer. Ruby characters, also called ruby, rubi or furigana, are sometimes used in the typography of ideographic languages, especially Japanese and Chinese. ... A chained book in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University A book is a collection of paper, parchment or other material with text, pictures, or both written on them, usually bound together along one edge within covers. ... A dictionary is a list of words with their definitions, a list of characters with their glyphs, or a list of words with corresponding words in other languages. ... Since the Chinese language uses a logographic script — that is, a script where one or two characters corresponds roughly to one word or meaning — there are vastly more characters, or glyphs, than there are keys on a standard computer keyboard. ...

Unlike pinyin, the sole purpose for Zhuyin in elementary education is to teach Standard Mandarin pronunciation to children. Grade one textbooks of all subjects (including Mandarin) are entirely in zhuyin. After that year, Chinese character texts are given in annotated form. Around grade four, presence of Zhuyin annotation is greatly reduced, remaining only in the new character section. Schoolchildren learn the symbols so that they can decode pronunciations given in a Chinese dictionary, and also so that they can find how to write words for which they know only the sounds. Chinese dictionaries date back over two millennia to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which is a significantly longer lexicographical history than any other language. ...

Pinyin, on the other hand, is dual-purpose. Besides being a pronunciation notation, pinyin is used widely in publications in mainland China. Some books from mainland China are published purely in pinyin with not even a single Chinese character. Those books are targeted to minority tribal groups or Westerners who know spoken Mandarin but have not yet learned written Chinese characters. The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC); however, it excludes the two special administrative regions... The Peoples Republic of China officially describes itself as a multinational unitary state and as such officially recognizes 56 nationalities or Mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. ... The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... 漢字 / 汉字 Chinese character in Hànzì, Kanji, Hanja, Hán Tá»±. Red in Simplified Chinese. ...

Zhuyin will probably never replace Traditional Chinese just as hiragana has never replaced characters in Japanese texts even though substituting hiragana for characters is always an option. Not only are the characters valued for aesthetic and other axiological reasons, but (once they have been learned) reading characters required fewer eye fixations and eliminates the ambiguities in any alphabetic or syllabic writing system caused by the immense number of homonyms in Chinese. Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana Manyōgana Uses Furigana Okurigana Rōmaji Hiragana ) are a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system, along with katakana and kanji; the Latin alphabet is also used in some cases. ... Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ... Axiology, from the Greek axia (αξια, value, worth), is the study of value or quality. ...

Zhuyin is also used to write some of the aboriginal languages of Taiwan, such as Atayal [1], Seediq [2], Paiwan [3], or Tao [4]. For these it is a primary writing system, not an ancillary system as it is for Chinese. The Formosan languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken 2% of the population of Taiwan, almost exclusively aboriginals. ... The Atayal language is spoken by the Atayal people on Taiwan. ... Seediq is an Austronesian language spoken in the mountains of Northern Taiwan. ... Paiwan is a native language of Taiwan, spoken by the Paiwan people, one tribe of the Taiwanese aborigines. ... Old photo of the Tao people on the shore of Orchid Island, ca. ...

For non-native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, Zhuyin can be useful as a learning tool. Because it does not use romanization, confusion over "Latin alphabet" sounds and "Chinese" sounds is not an issue. As well Zhuyin's formation of initials and finals to form syllables is more straightforward than Pinyin's. However, for one not familiar with Zhuyin, it can be more difficult to first understand the proper pronunciations. With its own keyboard layout, it is also less easily used to enter Chinese by people using a standard latin-based keyboard. In linguistics, romanization (or Latinization, also spelled romanisation or Latinisation) is the representation of a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ...

Writing

Zhuyin symbols are written like Chinese characters, including the general order of strokes and positioning. They are always placed to the right of the Chinese characters, whether the characters are arranged vertically or horizontally. Technically, these are Ruby characters. Very rarely do they appear on top of Chinese characters when written horizontally as furigana would be written above kanji in a Japanese text. Because a syllable block contains usually two or three Zhuyin symbols (which themselves fit in a square format) stacked on top of each other, the blocks are rectangular. Image File history File links An update of Menchis Graphic File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Replaced old hand drawn version by a screenshot of the table with a UTF capable browser This is a screenshot of a copyrighted website, video game graphic, computer program graphic, television broadcast, or film. ... 漢字 / 汉字 Chinese character in Hànzì, Kanji, Hanja, Hán Tự. Red in Simplified Chinese. ... Ruby characters, also called ruby, rubi or furigana, are sometimes used in the typography of ideographic languages, especially Japanese and Chinese. ... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Rōmaji ローマ字 Category Furigana (Japanese: ふりがな), are a Japanese reading aid. ...

The tone marks are similar to the later developed Pinyin tone symbols, except that the natural tone (5th tone) is denoted with a black dot (natural dot), while Pinyin does not carry any accent mark. The neutral dot is the only mark to be placed on top of the vertical Zhuyin syllable block, the remaining three are in a vertical strip to the right of the character. Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ...

The tone marks are sometimes given in Regular Script style, matching the associated Chinese characters, and have the same basic shape as do those of the pinyin tone symbols. However, they vary in detail. The thickened end of Zhuyin's second (rising) tone is always at the lower left, whereas the second tone mark in the Pinyin system is a straight line of uniform width. The third tone mark displays the greatest variation.

Zhuyin's tone symbolization was used in the ROC-sponsored romanizations created by the Mandarin Promotion Council. The tone symbols in that system were identical with the Zhuyin tone symbols, except that they were not in Regular Style calligraphy, but in a Western font face and so resemble the tone symbols used in Pinyin. Image File history File links ㄅ-bw. ... Image File history File links ㄅ-bw. ... Image File history File links ㄆ-bw. ... Image File history File links ㄇ-bw. ... Image File history File links ㄈ-bw. ... The Mandarin Promotion Council (國語推行委員會, pinyin: Guóyǔ Tuīxíng Wěiyuánhuì) was established by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China with the purpose of standardizing and popularizing the usage of Guoyu in China. ...

Most ㄅㄆㄇㄈ characters are written in the same stroke order as other Chinese characters. However, because they are an alphabet, some are written faster. For example, both ㄓ and ㄖ are written in three strokes. (  ; ) Image File history File links ã„“-bw. ... Image File history File links ã„–-bw. ...

Zhuyin vs. Tongyong Pinyin & Hanyu Pinyin

Zhuyin and Pinyin are based on the same Mandarin pronunciations, hence there is a mostly 1-to-1 mapping between the two systems. In the table below, the 'Zhuyin' and 'Pinyin' columns show equivalency. It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ...

【】represents the form used in combination with other symbols.

A comparison between Pinyin and Zhuyin for Standard Mandarin can also be done by comparing entries in the following pages: It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore. ...

• Pinyin table
• Zhuyin table

Equivalence Zhuyin-Pinyin, by phonetic similarities.

This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Mandarin. ... This zhuyin table is a complete listing of all Zhuyin/Bopomofo syllables used in Standard Mandarin. ... Image File history File links Zhuyin_by_similarities. ... Image File history File links Zhuyin_by_similarities. ...

Another comparison table

For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tōngyòng pÄ«nyÄ«n; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2002. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ...

Usage in dialects other than Mandarin

Dialect letters used to write sounds not found in Standard Mandarin (not many web browsers can display these glyphs, see #External links for PDF pictures.) PDF redirects here. ...

Extended Bopomofo for Min-nan and Hakka Min Nan, Minnan, or Min-nan (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ; POJ: Bân-lâm-gú; Southern Min or Southern Fujian language) is the Chinese language/dialect spoken in southern Fujian province, China and neighboring areas, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora. ... Hakka is one language in the family of languages known as Chinese. ...

See also

• Zhuyin table
• Chinese language
• Mandarin (linguistics)
• Standard Mandarin
• Pinyin
• Chinese input methods for computers
• Ruby characters

This zhuyin table is a complete listing of all Zhuyin/Bopomofo syllables used in Standard Mandarin. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore. ... It has been suggested that Pinyin method be merged into this article or section. ... Since the Chinese language uses a logographic script — that is, a script where one or two characters corresponds roughly to one word or meaning — there are vastly more characters, or glyphs, than there are keys on a standard computer keyboard. ... Ruby characters, also called ruby, rubi or furigana, are sometimes used in the typography of ideographic languages, especially Japanese and Chinese. ...

External links

• Unicode reference glyphs for bopomofo & extended bopomofo (in PDF format)
• Mandarin Dictionary (need Chinese font for Big5 encoding)
• Chinese Romanization Converter - Convert between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade-Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems.
• Zhuyin -> Wade-Giles -> Pinyin -> Word List
• NPA->IPA National Phonetic Alphabet (zhuyin fuhao) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet (The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See [5] )
• Zhuyin Fuhao to Hanyu Pinyin converter and reverse
• zhuyin fuhao syllable chart, with Hanyu Pinyin equivalents