Ziad Samir Jarrah (Arabic: زياد سمير جراح) (May 11, 1975 — September 11, 2001), was the hijacker who acted as pilot of United Airlines Flight 93, part of the September 11, 2001 attacks.^[a] He is believed to have taken over as the pilot of the aircraft and made an unsuccessful attempt to crash the plane into the U.S. Capitol.^[b] Ziad Samir Jarrah - http://www. ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Mazraa is a location in Lebanon. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Photo of George W. Bush and Laura Bush visiting Shanksville on September 11, 2002 Shanksville is a borough located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... United Airlines Flight 93 was a regular flight from Newark International Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, then continuing on to Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan, on a different aircraft. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ... Look up aircraft in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The West front of the United States Capitol. ...

There are many variations on his name, including Ziad Samir Al-Jarrah, Zaid Jarrahi, Ziad Jarrah Jarrat, and Ziyad Samir Jarrah. After a wealthy and secular upbringing, Jarrah became involved in the planning for the September 11 attacks in college. Unique among the hijackers, he had a German girlfriend and was close to his family. There have been some questions as to whether or not Jarrah was actually on Flight 93 and whether he was a hijacker; the 9/11 Commission concluded, however, that his was not a case of mistaken identity and that he had indeed piloted the plane. In October 2006, an al-Qaeda video was released showing Jarrah and Mohammed Atta recording their wills in January 2000 in Osama Bin Laden's Tarnak Farms base near Kandahar.^[1] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks including preparedness for and the immediate response... Tarnak Farms refers to a former Al Qaeda training camp near Kandahar, Afghanistan. ...

History

Early life

Jarrah was born in Mazraa, Lebanon, to a wealthy family. His parents were nominally Muslim Sunnis, although they lived a secular lifestyle. When he was seven years old, Israel invaded southern Lebanon, a fact he referred to later in life. His parents sent him to a Catholic private school in Beirut called La Sagesse, where he volunteered at a camp for disabled children and helped run an anti-drug program. Later on he served a nearby Church helping Orphaned children there. His academic success to this point was mediocre, and his parents arranged for private tutors in mathematics, physics and chemistry. Mazraa is a location in Lebanon. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Israel Phalange South Lebanon Army Amal PLO Syria Commanders Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon, (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan, (CoS) Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 37,000 Casualties 670 9,800 The 1982 Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon, Milkhemet Levanon, Arabic: ‎), called by Israel the Operation Peace of... Private schools, or independent schools, are schools not administered by local, state, or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public (state) funds. ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the science concerned with the discovery and characterization of universal laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. ... It has been suggested that the central science be merged into this article or section. ...

He remained close to his family; he was apparently the only 9/11 hijacker to have close family ties, including with his uncle Assem Omar Jarrah whose work permit would later be found in the wreckage with Ziad's passport. In his childhood, he had always wanted to fly planes, but his family discouraged this. "I stopped him from being a pilot," his father told the Wall Street Journal a week after the attacks. "I only have one son and I was afraid that he would crash."^[2] Born in Lebanon in 1962, Assem Omar Jarra is conflictingly reported as either the great-uncle or distant cousin of Ziad Jarrah, the 9/11 hijacker. ...

From 1995 to 1996, while Ziad Jarrah was living in Lebanon according to his family, somebody of the same name rented an apartment in Brooklyn, New York. The landlords claimed it was the same Ziad Jarrah as in the FBI photographs.^[3] Brooklyn (named after the Dutch city Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... Nickname: Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1625 Government  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area  - City  468. ...

In the spring of 1996, Jarrah moved to Germany with his cousin Salim. They were there to take a certificate course in German at the University of Greifswald required of foreigners studying in Germany who do not speak the language. While sharing an apartment with his cousin, he reportedly attended discos and beach parties, and his attendance at the mosque fell off. He met Aysel Şengün, a Turkish woman studying dentistry, and the two became good friends. They dated on and off for the remainder of his life and lived together briefly, which vexed his more religious friends, and celebrated an unofficial wedding on April 1, 1999. Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald is located in Greifswald, Germany, between the Islands Rügen and Usedom, and is the second oldest university in Northern Europe. ... Disco was a genre of dance-oriented pop music that blends elements of funk and soul music that was first popularized in dance clubs (discothèques) in the mid-1970s. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

In 1997, Jarrah left Greifswald and instead began studying aerospace engineering at the University of Applied Sciences in Hamburg, while working at a Volkswagen paint shop in nearby Wolfsburg. While in Hamburg, he rented an apartment from Rosemarie Canel, who would paint a portrait of him that he would bring back as a gift for his mother that December.^[4] Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering that concerns aircraft, spacecraft, and related topics. ... A Fachhochschule (plural: Fachhochschulen) or University of Applied Sciences in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland is something like a polytechnic. ... Location Coordinates Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE6 First Mayor Ole von Beust (CDU) Governing party CDU Votes in Bundesrat 3 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  755 km² (292 sq mi) Population 1,754,317 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 2,324 /km² (6,018... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... Wolfsburg is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...

The 9/11 Commission Report states that Jarrah was a member of the Hamburg cell, along with Atta and the others. He did not live with any of the others, however, and can only be confirmed to have met with any of them in Hamburg on a single occasion: that of Said Bahaji's wedding at the al-Quds Mosque. The closeness of his connections with the others is not known. The Hamburg cell was, according to U.S. and German intelligence agencies, a group of radical Islamists that included students who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks. ... Said Bahaji is an at-large al-Qaida member, wanted for his role in the September 11 attacks. ...

Training in Afghanistan

In late 1999, Jarrah, Mohammed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Said Bahaji, and Ramzi Binalshibh decided to travel to Chechnya to fight Russian soldiers. Khalid al-Masri and Mohamedou Ould Slahi convinced them at the last minute to travel instead to Afghanistan to meet with Osama bin Laden and train for terrorist attacks. They were told they were on a highly secret mission, and were instructed to return to Germany and enroll in flight school.^[c] In October of 1999 Ziad Jarrah was filmed at Said Bahaji's wedding with other 9/11 hijackers, including Marwan al-Shehhi.^[5] Mohammed Atta al-Sayed (Arabic: محمد عطا السيد) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ... Said Bahaji is an at-large al-Qaida member, wanted for his role in the September 11 attacks. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: CSRT Summary of Evidence memo for Ramzi Binalshibh Ramzi Binalshibh (Arabic: رمزي بن الشيبة; also transliterated as Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Ramzi bin al-Shaibah, and several other ways; born May 1, 1972[2]), is a citizen of Yemen and according to the United States... Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Khalid al-Masri (Arabic: خالد المصري, sometimes transliterated Almasri) is a member of al-Qaida who was instrumental in persuading some of the organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks to go to Afghanistan, and to therefore meet with Osama bin Laden... Mohamedou Ould Slahi (Arabic: محمد ولد صلاحي, transliterated Muhammad walad Salahi, also used the alias أبو مصعب, transliterated Abu Musab) (c. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... Said Bahaji is an at-large al-Qaida member, wanted for his role in the September 11 attacks. ... Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ...

In 2006 a video surfaced showing Jarah, still bearded, reading his will in January 2000 along with Mohammed Atta.^[1]. Not long after this, Jarrah shaved his beard and began to act more secular, according to Sengün. Many of the future hijackers attempted to hide their radicalism and blend in with the population. Jarrah reported his passport stolen in February of 2000 and received a duplicate, just as hijackers Atta and al-Shehhi had done the previous month. Mohammed Atta is a name commonly used to refer to the following individuals: Mohamed Atta al Sayed was the Al-Qaeda suicide pilot of the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. ... For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ...

Jarrah dropped out of college and began looking at flight schools. He claimed that this was to fulfill his childhood dream of being a pilot. After looking in several countries, he decided that none of the flight schools in Europe were sufficient, and at the advice of a childhood friend, he prepared to move to the United States.

In the United States

Jarrah's May 21, 2000 Student Visa

Jarrah apparently entered the United States on seven separate occasions, more than any other hijacker.^[6] On May 21, 2000, he was issued a student visa to the United States. On June 27, 2000 he came to the U.S. for the first time, arriving in Atlanta, Georgia on a flight from Munich. He then travelled to Florida to attend a flight school. Many of his classmates remember him fondly, describing him as kind and trustworthy, and remember him drinking beer occasionally.^[7] He was enrolled for six months, from June 2000 to January 15, 2001. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hotlanta redirects here. ... Munich (German: , pronounced  ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga [1]) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Jarrah was unique among the hijackers in that he did not live with any other hijackers, but rather lived with a German student named Thorsten Biermann. Biermann did not observe Jarrah acting particularly religious or overtly political. Jarrah occasionally flew back to Germany to visit his German girlfriend, and called or e-mailed her nearly every day.

Jarrah at a Florida flight school in 2000

Jarrah had obtained his license to fly small planes, and began training to fly large jets late in 2000. He flew to Beirut to visit his family, and then to Germany to visit his girlfriend Sengün. He brought her back to the United States for a ten-day visit, and she even attended a flight school session with him. In mid-January of 2001, he again flew to Beirut to visit his father, who was to have open-heart surgery. He then visited his girlfriend Sengün in Germany and came back to the United States again. His behavior was markedly different from the other hijackers, who broke off all familial and romantic relations. Image File history File linksMetadata Jarrah-2000-Flying-Florida. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Jarrah-2000-Flying-Florida. ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... Cardiac surgery is surgery on the heart, typically to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (e. ...

On his way back to the U.S., he passed through the UAE, according to the country's officials, where he was initially reported as having been interviewed by authorities on January 30, 2001, at the request of the CIA.^[8] He allegedly admitted to having been to Afghanistan and Pakistan,^[8][9] although the CIA has since denied the claim and the 9/11 Commission report does not mention it. The Florida flight school where Jarrah had been studying also said he was in school there until January 15, 2001.^[10] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States government. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On May 6, Jarrah registered for a two-month membership at the US1 Fitness Center, a gym in Dania Beach, Florida — he would later renew his membership for two more months, and eventually paid either $500 or $1000 to have 20 lessons in close-quarters combat with Bert Rodriguez.^[11][12] He was one of 9 hijackers to open a SunTrust bank account with a cash deposit around June 2001. Sometime in that month it's believed that Ahmed al-Haznawi, who arrived on June 8, moved in with Jarrah. Jarrah rented a new apartment in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea after both men gave the landlord photocopies of their German passports, which he later turned over to the FBI.^[13] Dania Beach is a city located in Broward County, Florida. ... SunTrust Banks, Inc. ... Ahmed Ibrahim al-Haznawi (Arabic: احمد ابراهيم الحزناوي) // Al-Haznawi was the son of an Saudi imam from al-Baha, an isolated and underdeveloped area in Saudi Arabia and shared the same tribal affiliation with fellow hijackers Saeed al-Ghamdi, Hamza al-Ghamdi, and Ahmed al-Ghamdi. ... Lauderdale-by-the-Sea is a town located in Broward County, Florida. ...

On June 25, Jarrah took al-Haznawi to Holy Cross Hospital in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on the advice of his landlord Charles Lisa. Al-Haznawi was treated by Dr. Christos Tsonas, who gave him antibiotics for a small gash on his left calf. While he told staff that he had bumped into a suitcase,^[14] the media briefly reported it as a sign of cutaneous anthrax hoping to show a link to the 2001 anthrax attacks, although the FBI later addressed the rumors stating that "Exhaustive testing did not support that anthrax was present anywhere the hijackers had been."^[15] Nickname: Coordinates: Country United States State Florida County Broward Established 27 March 1911 Government  - Type Commission-Manager  - Mayor Jim Naugle Area  - City  36. ... Anthrax is an acute infectious disease in humans and animals that is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and is highly lethal in some forms. ... The 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, also known as Amerithrax from its FBI case name, occurred over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001 (a week after the September 11, 2001 attacks). ...

In mid July 2001, some of the hijackers and members of the Hamburg cell gathered near Salou, Spain, for a period of a few days up to a couple of weeks. Since hotel records are sparse during some of that time, it is thought that they may have spent considerable time in and around safe houses related to the al-Qaeda leader in Spain, Imad Yarkas. After 9/11, Spanish investigators followed the trails backwards, and the events they uncovered were chronicled in the Spanish nationwide newspaper El País. Witnesses told Spanish investigators they saw a man who resembled Marwan al-Shehhi on July 17, 2001 at the Universal Studios Port Aventura theme park next to Salou, Spain.^{[citation needed]} The visitor, who was accompanied by two men, inquired about rides at the customer service counter. Witnesses indicated these companions resembled Ziad Jarrah, and Said Bahaji, a then 26-year-old German-Moroccan member of the al-Qaida cell in Hamburg. Back in Germany, it had been Bahaji's 1999 wedding during which Jarrah was filmed. Other witnesses elsewhere had pointed out Bahaji from photos, as one of the men they saw in Spain. But Bahaji also bore a resemblance in appearance to Mohamed Atta, who was traced to the same areas in Spain through his hotel and travel records.^{[citation needed]} Location of Salou The waterfront of the seaside resort, Salou The Torre Vella defence tower, Salou Salou (Greek Salauris) is a seaside resort and tourist center in Catalonia, about 10 km from Tarragona on the Costa Dorada, Spain. ... On September 27, 2005 Imad Yarkas recieved a 27-year sentence for conspiring with the 9/11 terrorist plotters. ... El País (Spanish for The Country) is the NOT most widely-circulated newspaper in Spain (Marca is). ... Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ... July 17 is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios), a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is one of the major American film studios that has production studios and offices located at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California, an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County between Los Angeles... The rollercoaster Dragon Khan, the first coaster in the world with eight inversions Port Aventura is a theme park in the holiday resort of Salou, Spain, on the Costa Dorada (Gold Coast). It is 1 hour from Barcelona and has 2 airports within 30 minutes of it. ... Mohamed Atta ( transliteration: ) was named by the FBI as the head suicide terrorist of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks. ...

In late July, Jarrah flew to Germany and again met with his girlfriend, the last time she saw him. He reportedly arrived back in the United States on August 5, though other sources indicate that he wrote his pilot's test on August 2, having missed his sister's wedding to do so.^[16] On August 27 he checked into a Laurel, Maryland motel, only a mile away from the Valencia where 4 other hijackers were staying.^[17] On September 7 all four of Flight 93 hijackers flew from Fort Lauderdale to Newark International Airport aboard Spirit Airlines.^[18] Motto: Progressio Per Populum (Progress Through People) Location of Laurel in Maryland Coordinates: Country United States State Maryland County Prince Georges County Incorporated 1870 Mayor Craig A. Moe City Council Ward 1: Janis L. Robison Ward1: Gayle Snyder Ward2: Frederick Smalls (Pr. ... Fort Lauderdale, known as the Venice of America, is a city located in Broward County, Florida. ... Newark Liberty International Airport (IATA Airport Code EWR; ICAO Airport Code KEWR) is an international airport within the city limits of both Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States. ... Spirit Airlines is a United States low-cost airline operating nationwide scheduled and charter flights. ...

On September 9, in the early morning, Jarrah was pulled over for speeding in Maryland and received a $200 ticket. Jarrah phoned his parents, mentioning that he had received the money order they'd sent five days earlier. He told them he intended to see them on September 22 for his cousin's wedding, and that he had bought a new suit for the occasion. His landlady later confirmed that Jarrah had shown off the suit to her days earlier. September 22 is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On September 10, Jarrah sent a letter to his girlfriend, widely interpreted as a suicide note. The note contained the phrases "I have done what I had to do" and "You should be very proud, it is an honor, and you will see the result, and everyone will be happy." Because of an error in the address, the letter was returned to the United States where it was discovered. Some have disputed whether the letter was a suicide note, since it referred to future meetings and the package also contained references to scuba diving instructions.^[19][20] Kurt Cobains alleged suicide note. ... Scuba diving is swimming underwater while using self-contained breathing equipment. ...

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According to one source, Jarrah had set up a large mock cockpit made of cardboard boxes in his apartment just before the attacks.^[12] Cockpit of a light aircraft, showing instrumentation dials and dual control yokes. ...

The attack

Charred passport found among the wreckage of Flight 93

On the morning of September 11, 2001, Ziad Jarrah boarded United Airlines Flight 93 without incident, and sat in a first-class seat near the cockpit. Due to the flight's delay, the pilot and crew were notified of the previous hijackings that day, and were told to be on the alert. Within minutes, Flight 93 was hijacked as well. Ziad Jarrahs passport photo The copyright status of this work is difficult or impossible to determine. ... Ziad Jarrahs passport photo The copyright status of this work is difficult or impossible to determine. ... United Airlines Flight 93 was a regular flight from Newark International Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, then continuing on to Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan, on a different aircraft. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... United Airlines Flight 93 was a regular flight from Newark International Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, then continuing on to Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan, on a different aircraft. ...

The 9/11 Commission stated that Jarrah was the pilot. The flight transcript, however, might indicate that Saeed al-Ghamdi, who also trained in flight simulators, could have been the pilot or a co-pilot. Two of the hijackers are heard calling the pilot "Saeed."^[21] The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response... Saeed al-Ghamdi (Arabic: سعيد الغامدي) was named by the FBI as one of the hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 as part of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ...

The pilot's voice was heard by air traffic control telling passengers to remain seated. At 9:39 AM, the pilot announced, "This is the captain. Would like you all to remain seated. There is a bomb on board and are going back to the airport, and to have our demands [unintelligible]. Please remain quiet." over the radio.^[22] Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) at Amsterdams Schiphol Airport Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. ...

At least two of the cellphone calls made by passengers indicate that all the hijackers they saw were wearing red bandanas, and indicated that one of the men had tied a box around his torso, and claimed there was a bomb inside - believed to be either Ahmad Alhaznawi or Ahmed Alnami. Passengers on the plane heard through phone calls the fates of the other hijacked planes. They realized they had to take the cockpit back from the terrorists or their plane too would be used as a missile. A passenger uprising foiled the terrorist's plans, but failed to save the plane. According to the August 8, 2003 analysis of the plane's cockpit recordings by the United States investigators, a crowd of passengers tried to break into the cockpit. To try to knock them off balance, the pilot rolled the plane to the left and right. When this failed, he then pitched the nose forward and back. Nevertheless, the passengers continued their assault on the cockpit door. They used a service trolley as a battering ram and began to destroy the cockpit door. Finally the pilot was told by a fellow hijacker to crash into the Pennsylvania farmland rather than cede control of the plane. In response, he turned the plane upside down and began his descent. United 93 crashed, at 580 miles per hour (933 km/h), into a reclaimed strip mine at the edge of the woods in Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03:11, 125 miles (200 km) from Washington, D.C. All aboard died. August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An example of a FDR (Flight Data Recorder). ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Photo of George W. Bush and Laura Bush visiting Shanksville on September 11, 2002 Shanksville is a borough located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. ...

After September 11, Jarrah's girlfriend Sengün filed a missing person report in Bochum. Jarrah became a suspect as FBI agents found a "Ziad Jarrahi" in the flight manifest (the additional i at the end a possible misspelling).^[3] Bochum is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

Mistaken identity claims

Ziad Jarrah and Mohammed Atta in a January 18, 2000 "martyrdom" video.

There have been claims that Jarrah was not a hijacker or that he was not present on the plane and his identity was stolen. It has been pointed out that he had a deviating profile from the other hijackers and that the passengers reported three and not four hijackers. However, the October 2006 emergence of a "martyrdom" video shot on January 18, 2000 along with Mohammad Atta has cast heavy doubt on such claims.^[1] Image File history File links Image-Attavideo. ... Image File history File links Image-Attavideo. ... Mohammed Atta is a name commonly used to refer to the following individuals: Mohamed Atta al Sayed was the Al-Qaeda suicide pilot of the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. ...

Shortly after the September 11 attacks, family and friends claimed that Jarrah did not exhibit the same "smoldering political resentments" or "cultural conservatism" as Mohammed Atta. He was not raised with a background of religious conviction and did not hold to an obviously conservative lifestyle. Personnel at the flight school Jarrah attended described him as "a normal person." Jarrah called his family two days, and his girlfriend Aysel Sengün three hours, before boarding United 93; Sengün described the conversation as "pleasant" and "normal." She also claimed that he never mentioned any names of the other hijackers.^[16] In his call two days before the attack, Jarrah told his family he would be coming home for a cousin's wedding. "It makes no sense," his uncle Jamal claimed. "He said he had even bought a new suit for the occasion." Jarrah's family in Lebanon claimed in September 2001 that he was an innocent passenger on the plane.^[3]

On October 23, 2001, John Ashcroft claimed that Jarrah had shared a Hamburg apartment with Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi,^[23] though German authorities that same day told the Los Angeles Times that they had no evidence that any of Jarrah's three apartments in Hamburg had been connected with the other hijackers. One high-ranking German police official stated "The only information we have connecting the three Hamburg suspects is the FBI's assertion that there is a connection."^[16] In October 2006, however, a video surfaced showing Atta and Jarrah together in Afghanistan, clearly connecting Jarrah to the members of the Hamburg cell.^[1] Jarrah also appears in a wedding video with other hijackers at a Mosque in Hamburg. October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) was the 79th Attorney General of the United States. ... Mohamed Atta ( transliteration: ) was named by the FBI as the head suicide terrorist of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ... The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. ...

The 9/11 Commission concluded that Jarrah was a hijacker on the plane when it crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The Commission does not give any credence to the idea that Jarrah was not aboard the plane, and no government or credible investigating agency has come forward questioning that conclusion. Also, there have been no reports of Jarrah being seen alive since the attacks. The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response...

Notes

• ^{^} Unless otherwise sourced, statements in this article come primarily from the 9/11 Commission Report.^[24] Although this report has received criticism from various groups, it is widely considered the most thorough and reliable extant account of the 9/11 attacks that is publicly available. Where there is substantial disagreement with the report about significant facts in Jarrah's life, this is mentioned explicitly.

• ^{^} Various sources have speculated that the White House was the target of Flight 93; however the 9/11 Commission Report, based on information derived from the interrogations of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, confidently asserts that it was, in fact, the Capitol Building that was targeted.

• ^{^} This account, in the 9/11 Commission Report, is provided solely from the testimony of captured al-Qaeda member Ramzi Binalshibh.

The cover of the final 9/11 report, which can be purchased in bookstores across the United States and around the world The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ... Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: Prosecution Exhibit from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (Arabic: خالد شيخ محمد; also transliterated as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh Mohammad, , commonly referred to as KSM and also known by as many as twenty-seven aliases[1] (b. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: CSRT Summary of Evidence memo for Ramzi Binalshibh Ramzi Binalshibh (Arabic: رمزي بن الشيبة; also transliterated as Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Ramzi bin al-Shaibah, and several other ways; born May 1, 1972[2]), is a citizen of Yemen and according to the United States...

References

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with a worldwide average daily circulation of more than 2. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 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The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... The original Wikisource logo. ... ... 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Further reading

• Baer, Robert (2002). See No Evil: The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA's War on Terrorism. New York: Three Rivers Press. 
• Collins, Susan M. (2004-09-08). Building an Agile Intelligence Community to Fight Terrorism and Emerging Threats. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Retrieved on 2005-01-03.
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (2001-09-27). The FBI releases 19 photographs of individuals believed to be the hijackers of the four airliners that crashed on September 11, 01. Press release. Retrieved on 2005-01-03.
• Krebs, Valdis (2004). Social Network Analysis of the 9-11 Terrorist Netowrk. Retrieved on 2004-10-11.
• GOVERNMENT’S SUBMISSION REGARDING RELEVANCE OF COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS (PDF). UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA (2002-09-13). Retrieved on 2004-01-23.