NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Zimbabwe Rhodesia

Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the (largely unrecognised) name of the former Rhodesia and future Zimbabwe from June 1 to December 12, 1979, adopted soon after an Internal Settlement between the white minority Rhodesian Government led by Ian Smith and small, moderate African nationalist parties not involved in the war that had been raging in the country since 1977. Image File history File links LocationRhodesia. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Harare (pronounced , formerly Salisbury) is the capital city of Zimbabwe. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose governance is based on popular representation and control. ... Until 1970, the head of state of Rhodesia was the British Monarch, represented by the Governor, Sir Humphrey Gibbs. ... Josia Zion Gumede was the first and last President of the self-proclaimed, and internationally unrecognised, state of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia during 1979, before Rhodesia briefly reverted to British rule until the countrys independence as Zimbabwe in 1980. ... The Prime Minister of Rhodesia (until 1963 Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia) was the head of government in the colony of Rhodesia. ... Bishop Abel Muzorewa Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (born 1925 in former Rhodesia), a Methodist bishop and nationalist leader, was prime minister of the short-lived coalition government in what was called Zimbabwe Rhodesia; he held office for only a few months in 1979. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... The Lancaster House Agreement was the independence agreement for Rhodesia, now known as Zimbabwe. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... The Rhodesian Dollar was the currency used by Rhodesia between 1970 and 1980. ... Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... The Internal Settlement refers to the negotiations between Rhodeisan Prime Minister Ian Smith and the moderate black nationalist leaders in 1978. ... The Rt Hon Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia, 1964 (official portrait) Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID (born 8 April 1919) was the Premier of the British Crown Colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965, and Prime Minister of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 11 November... Combatants Rhodesia ZANLA ZIPRA Government of Botswana Government of Tanzania Government of Zambia Mozambican Liberation Front [1] Commanders Ian Smith P. K. van der Byl Peter Walls ZANU: Robert Mugabe ZAPU: Joshua Nkomo Casualties unknown unknown Civilians killed = Around 30,000 The Rhodesian Bush War â€”Â as it was known at...

In Britain the new name was ridiculed, with the state being dismissed as 'Rhobabwe'.

Naming

As early as 1960, the African nationalist movement agreed that the country's name was "Zimbabwe" and had started using it as part of the names of their political parties. The internal settlement government was intended to be a partnership between the previous white-dominated government and the African population, and it therefore adopted a combined name. This is the history of Zimbabwe, a country in southern Africa. ... Matabeleland is a region in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers. ... Mashonaland is a region in northern Zimbabwe. ... Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated immediately to the north of South Africa, known today as Zimbabwe. ... Flag of Southern Rhodesia, (BSA) chartered company administration. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia. ... Official language English Federal Capital Salisbury (Harare) Form of Government Federal Dominion Head of State Queen Elizabeth II Governor-General Sir Humphrey Gibbs Prime Minister Roy Welensky Establishment August 10, 1953 Dissolution December 31, 1963 Currency Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound 1 Time zone - in summer EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland. ... Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... Image File history File links Flag of Rhodesia, 1965â€“1968. ... Flag Capital Salisbury Language(s) English Government Republic President Josiah Zion Gumede Prime Minister Abel Muzorewa Historical era Cold War - Established June 1, 1979 - Disestablished December 12, 1979 Area - 1978 390,580 km2 150,804 sq mi Population - 1978 est. ... Image File history File links Zimbabwe-Rhodesia_Flag. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zimbabwe. ...

The name Zimbabwe Rhodesia was rejected by the majority Zimbabweans because of the lingering name Rhodesia, signifying, to them, Cecil Rhodes and colonialism. During Zimbabwe's first non-racial multi-party independence elections in 1980, one of Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo's campaign strategies against Abel Muzorewa and the other small parties who participated in the Internal Settlement was, typically, to turn the nation's anger against them for having negotiated to "give the country a shameful surname". Cecil Rhodes. ... Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born 21 February 1924) is the President of Zimbabwe. ... Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (June 19, 1917 â€“ July 1, 1999) was a Zimbabwean nationalist leader and revolutionary, a member of the Ndebele (or Matebele) ethnic group, and the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU). ...

Constitution

Adapting the constitution of the U.D.I. Rhodesia, the Republic of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia was governed by a Prime Minister and Cabinet chosen from the majority party in a 100 member House of Assembly. A 40 member Senate acted as the upper House, and both together chose a figurehead President in whose name the government was conducted. The Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) was signed on November 11, 1965 by the white minority government of Ian Smith, whose Rhodesian Front party opposed rushed moves by the United Kingdom towards black majority rule in the then British colony. ...

House of Assembly

Of the 100 members of the House of Assembly, 72 were 'common roll' members for whom the electorate was every adult citizen. All of these members were Africans. 20 seats were elected by mostly white constituencies using the previous electoral roll of Rhodesia; although this did not actually exclude non-whites, it was very rare for black Africans to meet the qualification requirements. A delimitation commission sat in 1978 to determine how to reduce the previous fifty constituencies to 20. The remaining eight seats were for white non-constituency members, and were elected by the other 92 members of the House of Assembly once their election was complete. In the only election, the United African National Council won a majority in the common roll while the Rhodesian Front won all the white seats. The Zimbabwe Rhodesia general election of April 1979 was held under the internal settlement negotiated by the Rhodesian Front government of Ian Smith intended to provide a peaceful transition to majority rule on terms not harmful to Rhodesians of European descent. ... The United African National Council was a party led by Abel Muzorewa, which during the period of Internal Settlement of 1979 (the short-lived span when Rhodesia changed into Zimbabwe Rhodesia), held formal power. ... The Rhodesian Front (RF) was a political party in Southern Rhodesia, later known as Rhodesia, now called Zimbabwe, when the country was under white minority rule. ...

Senate

The Senate of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia had 40 members. Ten members each were returned by the white members of the House of Assembly and the common roll members, and five members each by the council of Chiefs of Mashonaland and Matabeleland. The remaining members were directly appointed by the President under the advice of the Prime Minister.

President

The President of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia was elected by the members of the House of Assembly and the Senate, sitting together. At the election on May 28, 1979, Josiah Zion Gumede of the UANC and Timothy Ngundu Bateson Ndhlovu of the United National Federal Party were nominated. Gumede won by 80 votes to 33. May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Josia Zion Gumede was the first and last President of the self-proclaimed, and internationally unrecognised, state of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia during 1979, before Rhodesia briefly reverted to British rule until the countrys independence as Zimbabwe in 1980. ...

Prime Minister

Starting with 51 seats out of 100, Abel Muzorewa of the United African National Council (UANC) was appointed as Prime Minister. He formed a joint government with Ian Smith, the former Prime Minister of Rhodesia, who was a Minister without Portfolio, and also attempted to include the other African parties who had lost the election. Rhodesian Front members served as Muzorewa's Ministers of Justice, Agriculture, and Finance. White control over the country's civil service, judiciary, police and armed forces continued. Bishop Abel Muzorewa Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (born 1925 in former Rhodesia), a Methodist bishop and nationalist leader, was prime minister of the short-lived coalition government in what was called Zimbabwe Rhodesia; he held office for only a few months in 1979. ... The United African National Council was a party led by Abel Muzorewa, which during the period of Internal Settlement of 1979 (the short-lived span when Rhodesia changed into Zimbabwe Rhodesia), held formal power. ... The Rt Hon Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia, 1964 (official portrait) Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID (born 8 April 1919) was the Premier of the British Crown Colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965, and Prime Minister of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 11 November... The Prime Minister of Rhodesia (until 1963 Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia) was the head of government in the colony of Rhodesia. ...

However, once in office, Muzorewa sought to drop 'Rhodesia' from the country's name, and in fact adopted a new national flag that featured the Zimbabwe soapstone bird. The national airline, Air Rhodesia, was also renamed Air Zimbabwe. The name did manage to appear on some issues of Rhodesia stamps overprinted with "ZimbabweRhodesia" postage stamps; issues of 1978 still used "Rhodesia", and the next stamp issues were in 1980, after the change to just "Zimbabwe", and were inscribed accordingly. The stone-carved Zimbabwe Bird is an emblem of Zimbabwe, appearing on the national flag as well as on banknotes and coins. ... Air Zimbabwe, formerly Air Rhodesia, was privatised in 1997. ... Air Zimbabwe 767-2NO(ER) Z-WPF. Photo taken at KLIA Air Zimbabwe is the national airline of Zimbabwe, based in Harare. ... A selection of Hong Kong postage stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ...

Demise

The Lancaster House Agreement stipulated that control over the country be returned to the United Kingdom in preparation for elections to be held in the spring of 1980. On December 11, 1979 the Constitution of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia (Amendment) (No. 4) Act received Presidential Assent and Lord Soames arrived the next day to take control. The name of the country formally reverted to Southern Rhodesia at this time, although the name Zimbabwe Rhodesia remained in many of the country's institutions. Image File history File links Muzorewa-UANC-1979. ... Image File history File links Muzorewa-UANC-1979. ... The Lancaster House Agreement was the independence agreement for Rhodesia, now known as Zimbabwe. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Arthur Christopher John, Baron Soames GCMG GCVO CBE PC (October 12, 1920 â€“ September 16, 1987) was a British Conservative politician and the son-in-law of Winston Churchill. ... Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated immediately to the north of South Africa, known today as Zimbabwe. ...

Contents

Naming

Constitution

House of Assembly

Senate

President

Prime Minister

Demise

See also

Contents

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Constitution

House of Assembly

Senate

President

Prime Minister

Demise

See also

Naming