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A Group 12 element is one in the series of elements in group 12 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, consisting of transition metals which are zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and ununbium (Uub). When compared with other groups of transitional metals, this group of elements has both relatively low melting points and boiling points, and both decrease down the group; the most obvious example is mercury, which is in liquid state under normal room temperature. A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ...
In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a row of the table. ...
A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ...
A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ...
A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Atomic mass 200. ...
A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number ununbium, Uub, 112 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray liquid Atomic mass (285) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (guess based on mercury) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32...
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The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element for short, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ...
A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ...
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ...
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements, first devised in 1869 by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. ...
In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Atomic mass 200. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number ununbium, Uub, 112 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray liquid Atomic mass (285) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (guess based on mercury) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32...
The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
Alternate use: Boiling Point, English title of Kitano Takeshis film 3-4X Jūgatsu; Boiling Point (TV series) The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Atomic mass 200. ...
Room temperature describes a certain temperature within enclosed space that is uses for various purposes by human beings. ...
The reason for this group having a liquid metal (mercury) and other low melting elements has partly to do with the electron configuration of mercury, and also with relativistic effects [1]. The electron configuration of mercury is [Kr] 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2. The last shell labeled 6s is completely full, and is noticeably closer to the nucleus than what would be expected if relativistic effects were not taken into account. The positive charge of the nucleus is so high that some of the electrons in the atoms are moving very fast—fast (for the sake of argument considering electrons as particles not as waves) enough that special relativity has to be taken into account in predicting their movement. Their mass increases and the size and energies of the s-orbital decreases as a function of gravity In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ...
Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ...
Primordial elements are chemical elements found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before the earth was formed, according to the big bang theory. ...
The chemical elements labelled as synthetic are unstable, with a half-life so short (ranging from a fraction of millisecond to a few million years) relative to the age of the Earth that any atoms of that element that may have been present when the Earth formed have long since...
Electron atomic and molecular orbitals In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure (eg, a crystal). ...
General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Atomic mass 200. ...
Two-dimensional analogy of space-time curvature described in General Relativity. ...
Example of a sodium electron shell model An electron shell, also known as a main energy level, is a group of atomic orbitals with the same value of the principal quantum number n. ...
Nucleus usually refers to the center of something, but can mean: In science: Atomic nucleus, the collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom that carries the bulk of the atoms mass and positive charge Cell nucleus, the membrane-bound subcellular organelle found in eukaryotes, visible...
The combination of these two factors results in a rather tightly bound outer shell of electrons for mercury. Hence, mercury cannot form particularly strong metal-metal bonds. The result is an element which is liquid at room temperature. In fact because of its inert outer electrons mercury vapor behaves like a noble gas and has been called pseudohelium. This is in contrast with gold and thallium, which are beside mercury on the periodic table but are solids. The noble gases are the elements in group 18 (Group 0 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table. ...
Group 12 elements are also relatively resistant to corrosion, and can be used to cover baser metals like iron galvanizing (using zinc) or electroplating (using cadmium).
Standard · Vertical · Full names · Names and atomic masses · Text for last · Electron configurations
Metals and nonmetals · Blocks · Valences · Inline f-block · 218 elements · Alternatives The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements, first devised in 1869 by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. ...
This is a standard display of the periodic table of elements. ...
The alternative table is a standard periodic table rotated counterclockwise and then mirrored across the vertical axis, hence like in many writing systems, the lower groups are to the left and the number increases to the right. ...
Category: ...
The Detailed Table is a smaller version of the Huge Table. ...
The text-only table is a version of the Huge Table designed for printing atomic mass data. ...
electron numbers indicate subshells that are filled to their maximum. ...
Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ...
Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ...
In chemistry, valence, also known as valency or valency number, is a measure of the number of chemical bonds formed by the atoms of a given element. ...
Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those numbered in green are gases at STP; those numbered in black are solid at STP; those numbered in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ...
This extended periodic table was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. ...
Alternative periodic tables are chemical element displays different from the well known Mendeleev periodic table. ...
Lists of elements:
Name · Atomic symbol · Atomic number · Boiling point · Melting point · Density · Atomic mass This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by name and color coded according to type of element. ...
// This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the current symbols used to identify the chemical elements as recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, as well as proposed and historical symbols. ...
A table of chemical elements ordered by atomic number and color coded according to type of element. ...
This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by boiling point measured at normal pressure. ...
This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by melting point measured at normal pressure. ...
This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by density measured at standard temperature and pressure. ...
Hydrogen = 1 List of Elements in Atomic Number Order. ...
Groups:
1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 A group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ...
The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table (excluding hydrogen in all but one rare circumstance): lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ...
The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra) (not always considered due to its radioactivity and very short half-life). ...
A Group 3 element is an element in periodic table group 3 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: scandium (21) yttrium (39) lanthanum (57) - lutetium (71) actinium (89) - lawrencium (103) All of these elements are classed in Group 3 because their outer shell holds three electrons. ...
A Group 4 element is an element in periodic table group 4 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: titanium (22) zirconium (40) hafnium (72) rutherfordium (104) All of these elements are classed in Group 4 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ...
A Group 5 element is the series of elements in group 5 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and dubnium (Db). ...
The group 6 in the periodic table consists of the elements chromium (24) molybdenum (42) tungsten (74) seaborgium (106) Group 6 is the new IUPAC name for this group, the old style name was group VIA in the old European system or group VIB in the old US system. ...
A Group 7 element is an element in periodic table group 7 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: manganese (25) technetium (43) rhenium (75) bohrium (107) All of these elements are classed in Group 7 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ...
A Group 8 element is an element in periodic table group 8 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: Iron (26) Ruthenium (44) Osmium (76) Hassium (108) All of these elements are classed in Group 8 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ...
The Group 9 elements are: Cobalt (27) Rhodium (45) Iridium (77) Meitnerium (109) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ...
The Group 10 elements are: Nickel (28) Palladium (46) Platinum (78) Darmstadtium (110) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ...
A Group 11 element is one in the series of elements in group 11 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, consisting of transition metals which are the traditional coinage metals of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). ...
The Boron group is the series of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ...
The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ...
The Nitrogen group elements (a. ...
The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ...
The halogens or halogen elements are a series of nonmetal elements from Group 17 (old-style: VII or VIIA; Group 7 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table, comprising fluorine, F, chlorine, Cl, bromine, Br, iodine, I, and astatine, At. ...
The noble gases are the elements in group 18 (Group 0 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table. ...
Periods:
1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table. ...
A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides. ...
A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
A period 8 element is one of the chemical elements in the eighth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ...
Series:
Alkalis · Alkaline earths · Lanthanides · Actinides · Transition metals
Poor metals · Metalloids · Nonmetals · Halogens · Noble gases The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table (excluding hydrogen in all but one rare circumstance): lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ...
The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra) (not always considered due to its radioactivity and very short half-life). ...
The lanthanide series comprises the 15 elements from lanthanum to lutetium on the periodic table, with atomic numbers 57 through 71. ...
The actinide series encompasses the 15 chemical elements that lie between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table, with atomic numbers 89 - 103[1]. The actinide series is named after actinium. ...
In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Together with the metals and nonmetals, the metalloids (in Greek metallon = metal and eidos = sort) form one of the three categories of chemical elements as classified by ionization and bonding properties. ...
Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ...
The halogens or halogen elements are a series of nonmetal elements from Group 17 (old-style: VII or VIIA; Group 7 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table, comprising fluorine, F, chlorine, Cl, bromine, Br, iodine, I, and astatine, At. ...
The noble gases are the elements in group 18 (Group 0 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table. ...
Blocks:
s-block · p-block · d-block · f-block · g-block A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. ...
The s-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the first two groups: the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, plus hydrogen. ...
The p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. ...
D Block is a rap group based in Yonkers, New York. ...
The f-block of the periodic table of elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy f-orbitals. ...
The g-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy g-orbitals. ...
References
- ^ World Records in Chemistry Hans-Jürgen Quadbeck-Seeger (Editor), Rüdiger Faust, Günter Knaus, Ulrich Siemeling 1999 ISBN 3-527-29574-7
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