NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Zionist youth movement

A Zionist youth movement is an organization formed for Jewish children and adolescents for educational, social and ideological development, including a belief in Jewish nationalism as represented in the State of Israel. Youth leaders in modern movements use informal education approaches to educate toward the movement's ideological goals. A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ... A youth movement is any attempt to organize individual young people into a unified identity. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Political Ideologies Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: An ideology is an organized collection of ideas. ... A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ... Informal education is a general term for education outside of a standard school setting. ...

History

Most Zionist youth movements were established in Eastern Europe in the early twentieth century, desiring the national revival of the Jewish people in their own homeland, and soon formed an active and integral part of the Zionist movement. All emphasised aliyah (emigration to the Land of Israel) and community, with many also focussing on a return to nature. Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kingdom of Israel: Early ancient historical Israel â€” land in pink is the approximate area under direct central royal administration during the United Monarchy. ...

Blau-Weiss is considered to have been the first Zionist youth movement, established in Germany in 1912, and were inspired by the culture of outings and hikes prevalent in the German youth movement. Adopting an official Zionist platform in 1922, the movement stressed an agricultural way of life, leading many of its members to the Kibbutz movement in Mandatory Palestine. The German Youth Movement (In German: Die deutsche Jugendbewegung) is a collective term for educational-cultural renewal movement starting from 1896 on. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: ; plural: kibbutzim: ×§×™×‘×•×¦×™×; gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ...

With the upsurge in European nationalism and anti-Semitism, pogroms in Eastern Europe and the barring of Jewish members from German youth groups incubated the Zionist national consciousness of the Jewish youth, appealing to their idealism. EugÃ¨ne Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... The Russian word pogrom (погром) refers to a massive violent attack on people with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). ...

Youth movements played a considerable role in politics, Jewish education, community organisation and Zionism, particularly between the two world wars. Within Europe, they were the nucleus of the Jewish resistance movements in the ghettos and camps of the Holocaust. They also led the escape (Beriha) from Europe following the war, particularly to Palestine, where most surviving members settled. There have been two World Wars, now more commonly known as World War I or First World War (from 1914 to 1918), and World War II or Second World War (from 1939 to 1945). ... For other uses, see Holocaust (disambiguation) and Shoah (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Holocaust (disambiguation) and Shoah (disambiguation). ... Berihah (literally flight in Hebrew) was the organized effort to help Jews escape post-Holocaust Europe for the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Many of Eastern Europe's movements established themselves as worldwide organisations, although these were less influential. Alumni in Palestine organised their movements there from the 1920s, with an emphasis on pioneering and personal fulfillment (hagshama atzmit). There they strengthened the settlement organisations, particularly building the Kibbutz movement and most affiliated with or established Israel's political parties. Yishuv is a Hebrew word meaning settlement. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: ; plural: kibbutzim: ×§×™×‘×•×¦×™×; gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ...

After Israel's establishment in 1948, some of the movements' roles, such as education, were taken on by the State. With the growth and development of the country, movements' aims have been adjusted, despite a lesser public interest in the pioneering ideals of earlier Zionism. David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ...

In the Jewish diaspora, the nature of Zionist youth movements has varied in time and place. During periods when the general Zionist movement has been strong, such as that preceding the Six-Day War, movements have been particularly active. As well as acting towards Zionist causes, the movements have been seen as an important Jewish education and socialisation when it has not been otherwise available. Hence, with the development of stronger community structures, youth movements have often played a lesser role. Many youth, particularly in the large Jewish population of North America, have opted for Jewish social groups without ideological pursuits. The Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tefutzah, scattered, or Galut ×’×œ×•×ª, exile, Yiddish: tfutses) is the expulsion of the Jewish people out of the Roman province of Judea. ... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Modern movements

Zionist youth movements, both in Israel and the diaspora, continue to play a large role in community organisation, Jewish education, welfare, politics and activism. While upholding and adjusting their individual movement ideologies, diaspora movements commonly idealise Jewish continuity and identity in opposition to cultural assimilation, and Zionism in the way of an active community involvement while living in Israel (termed by some as aliyah nimshechet or continuing ascent), with importance placed upon leadership skills and personal development. In some countries, resistance in response to anti-Semitism is also a significant political focus. Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as he is influenced by his belonging to a group or culture. ... In the social sciences, assimilation is the process of integration whereby immigrants, or other minority groups, are absorbed into a generally larger community. ... The word leadership can refer to: The process of leading. ... Personal development (also known as self-development, self-improvement or personal growth) comprises the development of the self. ...

Movements generally focus on education for school-age youths, who are known as chanichim (Hebrew for educatees; singular chanich/a), approximately aged 8 to 18. The nucleus of movement leaders (madrichim, singular madrich/a; literally guides) are graduates (bogrim, singular boger/et) of the movement, although it is popular for senior chanichim to also lead junior groups.

Much of a movement's activity is carried out through regular meetings or events, in many countries weekly, as well as camps one or more times a year. Leaders use methods of informal education to inspire and teach chanichim within a particular ideological framework, or to induce discussion and thought. Such events are also highly social and often involve recreational activity., making the educational and ideological pursuits more enjoyable for participating youths. Summer camp is a supervised program for children and teenagers conducted during the summer months in some countries. ...

Preparation (Hachshara)

Most diaspora movements organise programmes in Israel, aiming for personal and ideological development, experience and training, such that participants would either remain in Israel as a form of ideological fulfillment, or return to their diaspora communities and movements in a leadership capacity. Many of these programs cover most of the year following one's graduation from high school, and are known as shnat hachshara (year of preparation) like their predecessors. Most require of their programmes' participants a two year commitment to their movement on return from the program in Israel. A gap year (also known as year out, deferring, overseas experience) is a term that refers to a prolonged period (often, but not always, a year) between a students completion of secondary school and matriculation in a university or college or also between college and graduate school or a...

Many such programmes are coordinated together with the Department for Jewish Zionist Education of the Jewish Agency for Israel, whose Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz (Institute for Leaders from Abroad) [1] has been a component in many movements' year programmes since 1946. Year programmes may also include: Jewish Agency for Israel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Machon LMadrichei Chutz LaAretz or Institute for Leaders from Abroad is a program that is the largest MASA funded program, a program were young adults from all over the world can come away to Israel on a long-term program and study. ...

studying at a Jewish educational institution, such as a yeshiva, or independent study programmes
touring Israel
volunteer work in a kibbutz; in a development town; with welfare and charity organisations; with the Magen David Adom ambulance service; in schools; on Israeli summer camps; with the IDF in Sar-El [2]; at archaeological digs; etc.
experience or training with the IDF, such as the 8-week Marva Army Experience Program [3]
a historical tour of Poland and the remains of Nazi Europe

This article is about the Jewish male educational system. ... The Magen David Adom emblem The Magen David Adom (Hebrew: â€Ž) is Israels national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces... Sar-El is a volunteer program of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... National Socialism redirects here. ...

Fulfillment (Hagshama)

As well as education, the movement experience is directed towards hagshama atzmit, or personal fulfillment of one's ideology, often closely aligned with that of their movement. Typically, for a diaspora movement member, this involves immigration to Israel, seen as an ultimate goal of Zionist ideals. Many movements organise groups of participants to take this difficult step together, forming a gar'in of olim (group of immigrants) who are prepared together for the process of aliyah. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Service Year (Shnat Sherut)

In Israel, it is common for active movement participants to commit a year of movement leadership between completing high-school and conscription into the Israel Defence Forces. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces...

Educational methods

This section needs expanding.

Youth movements employ informal education methods to educate an ideology to their members. This is often achieved through regular meetings that socialise participants within their groups, as well as camps. Particularly on camps, but in all interactions movements create a counter-culture that produces a particular social environment where members can express themselves freely, although with an underlying focus towards the movement's ideology. A Melamed (teacher) in 19th century Podolia. ... During the 1960s the term underground acquired a new meaning in that it referred to members of the so-called counterculture, i. ...

Activities and camps are essentially peer-led, usually by youth leaders who are often a few years older than the participants. Because of this, a friendly relationship is created between leaders and participants that encourages leadership by personal example (dugma ishit), whereby a leader's method of education is by being a moral, active and ideological member of the movement themself.

List of modern movements

AJ6: The Association of Jewish Sixthformers, based in the United Kingdom, with a branch in Shelomi, Israel.
Ariel: 1980–ongoing. Split from Bnei Akiva in Israel, separating its meetings for males and females, and with each branch having its own rabbi for authority.
BBYO: 1923–ongoing. The Bnei Brith Youth Organisation. Active internationally.
Beyajad. 1988–ongoing. Active in Monterrey, Mexico. [4]
Betar: 1923–ongoing. Associated with Revisionist Zionist movement and Likud party. Its members were heavily involved in Jewish resistance in the ghettos of Nazi Eastern Europe. Active internationally.
Bnei Akiva: 1929–ongoing. Associated with Religious Zionism and the National Religious Party. Ideology of Torah ve'avodah - torah study and contributing to the build-up of the nation. Bnei Akiva claims to be the largest Zionist Youth Movement in the world, with over 50,000, members internationally (35 Countries) with another 100,000 in Israel.
Chazit Hanoar: Politically unaffiliated, Jewish and Zionist education. Active in South America. [5]
Ezra: 1919–ongoing. Religious movement, originally affiliated with the Agudat Yisrael party in Israel. In Palestine from 1936. Has founded many kibbutzim and moshavim. [6]
Federation of Zionist Youth (FZY): 1910–ongoing. (As FZY since 1935). Pluralistic - believes in culture, charity, defense and aliyah. [7]
Habonim Dror: Merger of Dror (est. 1915) and Habonim Union (1929) in 1980. Associated with Labour Zionism, the United Kibbutz Movement and the Labour party. Dror led the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Active internationally.
Haihud Hahaklai (the Agricultural Union): 1978–ongoing. Associated with a union of agricultural villages, but politically non-partisan. Active in Israel. [8]
Hamaccabi Hatzair: 1926–ongoing. Founded in Germany, associated with the World Maccabi Jewish sports organisation, while the youth movement also promoted aliya and pioneering through rural settlement.
Hamahanot Ha'olim: 1926–ongoing. Associated with the United Kibbutz Movement. Five principles of pioneering, Zionism, socialism, democracy and humanism. Established originally by Herzlia Gymnasium. Active in Israel. [9]
Hanoar Hatzioni: 1932–ongoing. Scouting movement with pluralistic outlook. Active internationally.
Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed: 1924–ongoing. Established as HaNoar HaOved ("the working youth") by the Histadrut (General Federation of Jewish Labor in Palestine) to meet the social, cultural and education needs of working youth. After merging in 1959 with the Habonim Union, the current movement was formed, "the Working and Student Youth". Active in Israel.
Hashomer Hatzair: 1913–ongoing. A Zionist-socialist youth movement founded in Galicia (today's Poland). Established what was the Mapam party, following the migration to Israel and founding of kibbutzim by many members in the early 1920s. Its members were heavily involved in Jewish resistance in the ghettos of Nazi Eastern Europe. Active internationally.
Hehalutz: 1918–Initially established in Russia under Joseph Trumpeldor to prepare potential olim for labour and pioneering work. Mostly collapsed after World War II (ongoing in South America only). Active in South America.
Hineni: 1976–ongoing. Modern Orthodox Judaism, Politically Non-Partisan, Zionist movement. Not associated with particular Zionist ideology or party, only with local synagogues. Active in Australia. [10]
Hatzofim Haivriim (the Hebrew Scouts): 1919–ongoing. Associated with the world Scouting movement, whose ideals it generally shares. Active in Israel. [11]
Magshimey Herut: 1999–ongoing. Acitivist movement associated with Revisionist Zionism made up of religious and non-religious young adults. Ideology a combination of retaining the borders of Greater Israel and social activism on behalf of Israel's poor. Affiliated with the Herut party. Active in North America and Israel.
Netzer: 1980–ongoing. Associated with the World Union for Progressive Judaism. Central focus on Reform Zionism and social activism through tikkun olam (repairing the world). Netzer Olami also claims to be the largest zionist youth movement in the world with over 30,000 members worldwide. Active internationally.
NOAM: Associated with the Masorti (Conservative Judaism) movement. Active in Israel, Argentina and the UK.
North American Federation of Temple Youth: 1939–ongoing. The organized youth movement of Reform Judaism in North America. Affiliated with the Union for Reform Judaism and Netzer Olami.
Tzeirei Ami: 1978–ongoing. Chilean pluralistic Zionist scouting movement. Active in South America. [12]
Young Judaea: 1909–ongoing. Associated with Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization. Focus on Zionist Jewish identity and social action in a pluralist environment. Active as the largest movement in the USA.

AJ6, or The Association of Jewish Sixthformers, is a Jewish organisation open to all Jews in years 11-13 in the UK. It was founded in 1977. ... Shelomi is a development town in northern Israel. ... Bnei Akivas emblem (semel) Bnei Akiva, founded in the land of Palestine in 1929, is the largest youth movement of religious Zionists in the world. ... For the town in Italy, see Rabbi, Italy. ... Bnai Brith Youth Organization (BBYO) is an worldwide youth-led organization for high-school age Jewish teens. ... This article is about the Mexican city; for other uses, see Monterrey (disambiguation). ... The Betar Movement (×‘×™×ª×¨, also spelled Beitar) is a youth movement founded in 1923 in Riga, Latvia, by Zionist leader Zeev Jabotinsky. ... Palestine (comprising todays Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza strip) and Transjordan (todays Kingdom of Jordan) were all part of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Likud (Hebrew: ×œ×™×›×•×“, literally means consolidation) is a centre-right political party in Israel. ... Bnei Akivas emblem (semel) Bnei Akiva, founded in the land of Palestine in 1929, is the largest youth movement of religious Zionists in the world. ... Religious Zionism, or the Religious Zionist Movement, a branch of which is also called Mizrachi, is an ideology that claims to combine Zionism and Judaism, to base Zionism on the principles of Jewish religion and heritage. ... Mafdal party logo The National Religious Party (Hebrew: Mafdal, ×ž×¤×“×œ) is an Israeli political party representing the religious Zionist movement. ... It has been suggested that Tawrat be merged into this article or section. ... Categories: Organization stubs | Israel-related stubs | Israeli political parties | Orthodox Judaism ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: ; plural: kibbutzim: ×§×™×‘×•×¦×™×; gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ... Moshav (Hebrew: ×ž×•×©×‘ Translit. ... The Federation of Zionist Youth (FZY) is a Zionist Jewish youth movement. ... The Habonim Dror Emblem (known as its Semel / ×¡×ž×œ). Habonim Dror (Hebrew: ×”×‘×•× ×™× ×“×¨×•×¨; Translation: The Freedom Builders (more popularly The Builders of Freedom) is a Socialist-Zionist youth movement formed by the merger in 1982 of the Habonim and Dror youth movements. ... Labor Zionism (or Labour Zionism) is the traditional left-wing of the Zionist ideology. ... The Kibbutz Movement (â€Ž, HaTenoaa HaKibbutzit) is the largest movement of kibbutzim in Israel. ... Labour or Labor, (Hebrew: ×”×¢×‘×•×“×”, ha-`AvÅdÄh) is a political party in Israel. ... The Kibbutz Movement (â€Ž, HaTenoaa HaKibbutzit) is the largest movement of kibbutzim in Israel. ... Hanoar Hatzioni (Hebrew: The Zionist Youth or The Youth of (the) Zionism) is a youth movement established in 1926 and based in Israel. ... HaNoar HaOveds emblem (semel) Motto reads: To Labour, Defence and Peace, Rise and Make it So Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed (Hebrew: for The Working and Learning Youth) is an Israeli youth organization. ... The Histadrut (Federation [of labor]) or HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim BEretz Yisrael (×”×”×¡×ª×“×¨×•×ª ×”×›×œ×œ×™×ª ×©×œ ×”×¢×•×‘×“×™× ×‘××¨×¥ ×™×©×¨××œ) (Hebrew: General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel) is the Israeli trade union congress. ... The Semel Tnua, the official logo of Hashomer Hatzair. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... For other uses, see Galicia. ... Mapam - United Workers Party (in Hebrew: מפם - מפלגת פועלים מאוחדת Mifleget Poalim Meuhedet) was initially a Marxist-Zionist party. ... Hehalutz (The Pioneer) was an association of Jewish youth whose aim was to train its members to settle on the Land of Israel; it became an umbrella organization of the pioneering Zionist youth movements. ... Joseph Trumpeldor in uniform c. ... Hineni Youth and Welfare Hineni is a Modern-Orthodox, politically non-partisan, Zionist youth movement. ... Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular, modern world. ... Hitachdut Hatsofim Ve Hatsofot Be Israel (Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation) is the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Israel. ... This article is about the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts/Girl Guides organizations. ... Magshimey Herut (Hebrew: ×ž×’×©×™×ž×™ ×—×¨×•×ª; achievers of liberty) is a Zionist movement founded in 1999 by a group of Jewish activists who felt the need for a young adult movement dedicated to aliyah, social justice and the territorial integrity of the land of Israel. ... Palestine (comprising todays Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza strip) and Transjordan (todays Kingdom of Jordan) were all part of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Mythological King Davids Kingdom at the time of his death Greater Israel (also Complete Land of Israel, Hebrew: â€Ž, Eretz Yisrael Hashlemah[1][2]) is a term that denotes Biblical boundaries of the Land of Israel. ... Herut (Hebrew: ×—×¨×•×ª Freedom) was the political party of the Revisionist Zionist movement in Israel. ... The Netzer semel (emblem) Netzer Olami is a worldwide Jewish organization for youth. ... The World Union for Progressive Judaism is the umbrella organization for Progressive, Liberal and Reform Judaism in the world. ... Reform Zionism, also known as Progressive Zionism is the Zionist arm of the Reform or Progressive branch of Judaism. ... Tikkun olam (Hebrew: ×ª×™×§×•×Ÿ ×¢×•×œ×) is a Hebrew phrase which translates to repairing the world. ... Masorti means traditional in Hebrew. ... The basic logo for NFTY has been in use for decades. ... Reform Judaism can refer to (1) the largest denomination of American Jews and its sibling movements in other countries, (2) a branch of Judaism in the United Kingdom, and (3) the historical predecessor of the American movement that originated in 19th-century Germany. ... The Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), is an organization which supports Reform Jewish congregations in North America. ... The Netzer semel (emblem) Netzer Olami is a worldwide Jewish organization for youth. ... Young Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement of Hadassah. ... Hadassah, the Womens Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer womens organization of 300,000, founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, American Jewish scholar and activist. ...

List of youth movements by region

Africa

Habonim Dror Southern Africa

Australia

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Bnei Akivas emblem (semel) Bnei Akiva, founded in the land of Palestine in 1929, is the largest youth movement of religious Zionists in the world. ... The emblem (semel, in Hebrew: ×¡×ž×œ), of Habonim Dror is the same as that of world Habo (Habonim Dror Olami) Habonim Dror Australia (colloquially known as Habo or HDOZ) has branches (kenim, in Hebrew: ×§× ×™×) in Melbourne, Sydney, Perth and Adelaide (in descending order of size). ... The Semel Tnua, the official logo of Hashomer Hatzair. ... The Netzer semel (emblem) Netzer Olami is a worldwide Jewish organization for youth. ...

Europe

Netzer Olami
Bnei Akiva

 Hashomer Hatzair

Hanoar Hatzioni