Zivia Lubetkin(1914-1976), also known as her nom de guerre Celina, was one of the leaders of the Jewish Underground in Warsaw and the only woman in the High Command of its fighting organization, the ZOB, (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa). A pseudonym or allonym is a name (sometimes legally adopted, sometimes purely fictitious) used by an individual as an alternative to their birth name. ... The Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ŻOB, Polish for the Jewish Fighting Organization) - a World War II resistance movement, which supposedly was instrumental in engineering the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (ZZW fighters from second Jewish resistance organisation claim otherwise). ...

Pre-World War II

She was born in 1914 in Byten, Poland. She joined the Zionist Labor Movement at an early age, becoming a member of the executive council.

The Second World War

She was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and one of only 34 fighters to survive the war. During her years of underground activities, the name "Zivia" became the code word for Poland in letters sent by various resistance groups both within and outside of the Warsaw Ghetto. After leading her group of surviving fighters through the sewers of Warsaw with the aid of Simcha Rotem (Kajik) in the final days of the ghetto uprising (on May 30th, 1943), she continued her resistance activities on the aryan side of Warsaw. She took part in the Polish Warsaw Uprising in August, 1944. Combatants Nazi Germany Jewish resistance (ŻOB, ŻZW) Commanders Jürgen Stroop Mordechai Anielewicz Strength 2,054, including 821 Waffen SS 40,000 civilians, 750-1000 fighting Casualties 300 KIA, official reports acknowledge 16 KIA and 85 wounded about 13,000 killed, almost all of the rest sent to extermination camps... The Ghetto Heroes Memorial The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of the Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany in General Government during the Holocaust in World War II. In the three years of its existence, starvation, disease and deportations to concentration camps and extermination camps dropped the population of the... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... Combatants Poland Germany Commanders Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, Antoni Chruściel, Tadeusz Pełczyński Erich von dem Bach, Rainer Stahel, Heinz Reinefarth, [Bronislav Kaminski] Strength 50,000 troops 25,000 troops Casualties 18,000 killed, 12,000 wounded, 15,000 taken prisoner 250,000 civilians killed 10,000 killed...

Post-War Life

Following the Second World War she immigrated to Israel in 1946. She married Yitzhak Zuckerman, the ZOB commander, and they, among other surviving ghetto fighters and partisans founded kibbutz Lohamey ha-Geta'ot. In 1961 she testified at the trial of captured Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Icchak Cukierman (also known by the internationalised spelling Yitzhak Zuckerman; 1915 - 1981), who used the alias Antek, was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the commander of a small Jewish troop fighting in the Warsaw Uprising during World War II. Cukierman was born in Vilna to... The Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ŻOB, Polish for the Jewish Fighting Organization) - a World War II resistance movement, which supposedly was instrumental in engineering the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (ZZW fighters from second Jewish resistance organisation claim otherwise). ... Partisan may refer to: A member of a lightly-equipped irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Lohamey ha-Getaot is an Israeli kibbutz on the coast of north Israel north of Acre. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Nazism. ... A war crime is a punishable offense, under international (criminal) law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... Adolf Eichmann, Germany 1940 Photo from United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives. ...

Her granddaughter became the Israeli Air Force's first female fighter pilot. The Israeli Air Force (IAF) (Hebrew: חיל האוויר Heyl haAvir) is the air force of the Israel Defense Forces. ...

Bibliography

LUBETKIN, Zivia. Die letzten Tage des Warschauer Gettos. Pp. 47, illus. Berlin: VVN-Verlag, 1949

LUBETKIN, Zivia. Aharonim `al ha-homah. ['Ein Harod, 1946/47]

LUBETKIN, Zivia. Bi-ueme kilayon va-mered. Pp. 89. [Tel-Aviv, 1953]

LUBETKIN, Zivia. In the days of destruction and revolt. [translated from the Hebrew by Ishai Tubbin; revised by Yehiel Yanay; biographical index by Yitzhak Zuckerman; biographical index translated by Debby Garber]. Pp. 338, illus. [Tel Aviv]: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Pub. House: Am Oved Pub. House, [1981]