NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Zodiac (film)

Zodiac is a 2007 American film directed by David Fincher and based on Robert Graysmith's non-fiction books Zodiac and Zodiac Unmasked. The Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. joint production stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, and Robert Downey Jr.. Zodiac tells the story of the people involved in the hunt for a notorious serial killer known as "Zodiac", who haunted the San Francisco Bay Area during the late 1960s, leaving several victims in his wake and taunting police with his letters and ciphers mailed to newspapers. The case remains one of San Francisco's most famous unsolved crimes. The Zodiac is a 2005 mystery/thriller film based on events associated with the Zodiac Killer, an ultimately unidentified serial killer who was active in and around northern California in the 1960s. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (514x755, 41 KB) This image is of a film poster, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by either the publisher of the film or the studio which produced the film in question. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American music video and film director known for his dark and stylish portraits of the human experience, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... Morris Mike Medavoy (born January 21, 1941, Shanghai ghetto, China) is an American film producer and executive, co-founder of Orion Pictures, former chairman of TriStar Pictures and current chairman and CEO of Phoenix Pictures. ... Robert Graysmith (born September 17, 1942) is a true-crime author of the books Zodiac; Zodiac Unmasked: the Identity of Americas Most Exclusive Serial Killer; Unabomber: a Desire to Kill; The Murder of Bob Crane: Who Killed the Star of Hogans Heroes?; The Bell Tower:The Case of... James Vanderbilt is an American screenwriter. ... Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal[1] (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... Robert John Downey Jr. ... Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor. ... This article is about the American actor. ... This article is about the actor. ... David Shire David Shire (born July 3, 1937) is an American songwriter and the composer of stage musicals and film and television scores. ... Harris Savides (born September 28, 1957) is a contemporary American cinematographer. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... â€œWBâ€ redirects here. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... A directors cut is a specially edited version of a film, and less often TV series, music video, commercials or video games, that is supposed to represent the directors own approved edit. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... USD redirects here. ... USD redirects here. ... American cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American music video and film director known for his dark and stylish portraits of the human experience, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... Robert Graysmith (born September 17, 1942) is a true-crime author of the books Zodiac; Zodiac Unmasked: the Identity of Americas Most Exclusive Serial Killer; Unabomber: a Desire to Kill; The Murder of Bob Crane: Who Killed the Star of Hogans Heroes?; The Bell Tower:The Case of... Zodiac (1988) is Neal Stephensons second novel, which tells the story of an environmentalist uncovering a conspiracy involving industrialist pollutors and bicameral minded Satanists in the Boston Harbor. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... â€œWBâ€ redirects here. ... Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal[1] (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor. ... Robert John Downey Jr. ... Serial killers are individuals who have a history of multiple slayings of victims who were usually unknown to them beforehand. ... For the New York City Zodiac copycat, see Heriberto Seda. ... Bay Area redirects here. ... This article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. ...

Fincher, screenwriter James Vanderbilt and producer Brad Fischer spent 18 months conducting their own investigation and research into the Zodiac murders. During filming, Fincher employed the digital Thomson Viper Filmstream camera to shoot the film. Contrary to popular belief, Zodiac was not shot entirely digitally; traditional high-speed film cameras were used for slow-motion murder sequences. Reviews for the film were highly positive. It did not perform strongly at the North American box office, grossing only USD $33 million. However, it performed better in other parts of the world, earning $51 million, to bring its box office total to $84 million, with a budget of $65 million spent on its production. Screenwriters, scenarists, or script writers, are authors who write the screenplays from which movies and television programs are made. ... Digital cinematography is the process of capturing motion pictures as digital images, rather than on film. ... North American redirects here. ... The term box office can refer to either: A place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to a venue The amount of business a particular production, such as a movie or theatre show, does. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Plot

The film starts in July 1969 with the Zodiac killer’s second attack, the shooting of Darlene Ferrin and Mike Mageau at a lover’s lane in Vallejo. Mageau survives while Ferrin dies from her injuries. A letter written by the Zodiac arrives at the San Francisco Chronicle in August of the same year. Paul Avery (Robert Downey Jr.) is the top crime beat reporter covering the Zodiac murders for the San Francisco Chronicle. Robert Graysmith (Jake Gyllenhaal) is a political cartoonist for the same newspaper that receives encrypted letters that the killer sends to the police and several newspapers, taunting them. Because of Graysmith's inexperience and lowly status at the paper, he is not taken seriously by Avery and the editors and is excluded from the initial details about the killings despite his interest in the case. In particular, he is drawn to the encrypted code that is included with the letters and is given access to one. When he is able to crack one of the codes, Avery begins sharing information with him. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Robert John Downey Jr. ... Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal[1] (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... Vallejo can refer to: Vallejo, California Vallejo (band) Boris Vallejo, a Peruvian-born American painter CÃ©sar Vallejo, a Peruvian-born Spanish poet. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Paul Avery (1934 - December 10, 2000) was an American journalist best known for his involvement in the Zodiac Killer and Patricia Hearst cases. ... Robert John Downey Jr. ... Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal[1] (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ...

The Zodiac killer stabs Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard at Lake Berryessa in Napa County. Shepard dies as a result of the attack. Soon afterwards, cab driver Paul Stine is shot and killed by the killer in Presidio Heights. San Francisco police detectives Dave Toschi (Mark Ruffalo) and his partner Bill Armstrong (Anthony Edwards) are assigned to the case, liaising with other detectives such as Jack Mulanax (Elias Koteas) in Vallejo and Ken Narlow (Donal Logue) in Napa. The killer, or someone posing as him, continues to toy with authorities by speaking on the phone with celebrity lawyer Melvin Belli (Brian Cox) when he makes an appearance on a television talk show. Meanwhile, Avery and Graysmith become friends, delving deeper into the case. Satellite photo of Lake Berryessa Lake Berryessa is the largest lake in Napa County, California. ... Napa County is in north-central California Napa Valley is most famous for its wine. ... There are approximately 90 neighborhoods in San Francisco, California, USA. Main article: Alamo Square Main article: Anza Vista, San Francisco, California Ashbury Heights is a neighborhood on the hill to the south of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood, east of Stanyan Street, north of Belgrave Avenue and west of Clayton Street. ... Dave Toschi (b. ... Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor. ... This article is about the American actor. ... Elias Koteas (born March 11, 1961) is a Canadian actor. ... Donal Francis Logue (born February 27, 1965[1] or 1966[2]) is a Canadian actor. ... Melvin Mouron Belli (29 July 1907, Sonora, California - 9 July 1996, San Francisco, California) was a prominent American lawyer known as The King of Tortsâ€”and by detractors as Melvin Bellicose. He had many celebrity clients, including Zsa Zsa Gabor, Errol Flynn, Chuck Berry, Muhammad Ali, Sirhan Sirhan, Jim and... This article is about the actor. ...

In 1971, Toschi, Armstrong and Mulanax question Arthur Leigh Allen (John Carroll Lynch), a potential suspect in the case. However, a handwriting expert (Philip Baker Hall) says that Allen did not write the Zodiac letters. Avery receives a letter, possibly from the Zodiac killer, threatening his life. He becomes increasingly paranoid and takes drugs and alcohol to control these feelings. At one point, he shares information with a rival police force which angers Toschi and Armstrong. Avery leaves the Chronicle. Over the course of the decade, Armstrong quits the homicide division, Toschi is demoted for supposedly forging a Zodiac letter, and Graysmith continues his own in-depth investigation, interviewing witnesses and police detectives involved in the case. Due to his obsession for the case, he loses his job and his wife (Chloë Sevigny) leaves him, taking their children with her. Graysmith persistently contacts Toschi about the Zodiac murders and eventually impresses the veteran detective about his knowledge of the case and his theory of the identity of the killer. While Toschi cannot directly give Graysmith access to the information he discovered over the years, he provides contacts of other police departments in counties where the other murders occur and the cartoonist acquires more information that points to Allen as the Zodiac. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... John Carroll Lynch (born August 1, 1963) is an American actor from Boulder, Colorado. ... Graphology is the study and analysis of handwriting especially in relation to human psychology. ... Philip Baker Hall (born September 10, 1931) is an American actor. ... ChloÃ« Stevens Sevigny (born November 18, 1974) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe-nominated American actress. ...

In 1983, Graysmith finds Allen at a Vallejo hardware store but does not confront him. In 1991, Mageau identifies Allen from a police mugshot. The film offers much circumstantial evidence which could support that conclusion, while offering possible reasons to doubt the evidence (fingerprints, handwriting, DNA) which legally exonerated Allen. An end title credit states that Allen died in 1992 without ever being charged. Circumstantial evidence is lesbian sex with a huge glass dildo unrelated facts that, when considered together, can be used to infer a conclusion about something unknown. ...

Cast and characters

Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal[1] (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor. ... Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal[1] (born December 19, 1980) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... Robert Graysmith (born September 17, 1942) is a true-crime author of the books Zodiac; Zodiac Unmasked: the Identity of Americas Most Exclusive Serial Killer; Unabomber: a Desire to Kill; The Murder of Bob Crane: Who Killed the Star of Hogans Heroes?; The Bell Tower:The Case of... For the fictional character, see Donald Darko. ... Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor. ... Dave Toschi (b. ... Robert John Downey Jr. ... Paul Avery (1934 - December 10, 2000) was an American journalist best known for his involvement in the Zodiac Killer and Patricia Hearst cases. ... This article is about the American actor. ... This article is about the actor. ... Melvin Mouron Belli (29 July 1907, Sonora, California - 9 July 1996, San Francisco, California) was a prominent American lawyer known as The King of Tortsâ€”and by detractors as Melvin Bellicose. He had many celebrity clients, including Zsa Zsa Gabor, Errol Flynn, Chuck Berry, Muhammad Ali, Sirhan Sirhan, Jim and... Gary Leonard Oldman[1] (born March 21, 1958) is an Emmy and Screen Actors Guild-nominated, Saturn and BAFTA award-winning English-born American[2] film actor, writer and director. ... John Carroll Lynch (born August 1, 1963) is an American actor from Boulder, Colorado. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... ChloÃ« Stevens Sevigny (born November 18, 1974) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe-nominated American actress. ... John Getz (b. ... Elias Koteas (born March 11, 1961) is a Canadian actor. ... Dermot Mulroney (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor of Irish descent. ... Donal Francis Logue (born February 27, 1965[1] or 1966[2]) is a Canadian actor. ...

Production

Development

James Vanderbilt had read Robert Graysmith's book Zodiac in 1986 while in high school. Years later, he became a screenwriter, met Graysmith and became fascinated by the folklore surrounding the Zodiac killer and attempted to translate that into his script.^[6] Vanderbilt had endured bad experiences with the endings of his scripts being changed and wanted more control over his material. He pitched his adaptation of Zodiac to Mike Medavoy and Bradley J. Fischer from Phoenix Pictures, by agreeing to write a spec script if he could have more creative control over it. Graysmith first met Fischer and Vanderbilt at the premiere of Paul Schrader's film, Auto Focus, which was based on Graysmith's 1991 book about the life of actor Bob Crane. A deal was made and they optioned the rights to Zodiac and Zodiac Unmasked when they became available after languishing at Disney for nearly a decade. David Fincher was their first choice to direct based on his work on Se7en. Originally, he was going to direct an adaptation of James Ellroy’s novel, The Black Dahlia (later filmed by Brian De Palma), and envisioned a five-hour, $80 million mini-series with movie stars.^[7] When the studio backing it did not agree, the director left the project and moved on to Zodiac. He was given Vanderbilt’s 158-page screenplay in late 2003. Screenwriters, scenarists, or script writers, are authors who write the screenplays from which movies and television programs are made. ... Morris Mike Medavoy (born January 21, 1941, Shanghai ghetto, China) is an American film producer and executive, co-founder of Orion Pictures, former chairman of TriStar Pictures and current chairman and CEO of Phoenix Pictures. ... A screenplay or script is a blueprint for producing a motion picture. ... Paul Joseph Schrader (born July 22, 1946 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is an American screenwriter and film director. ... A device connected to an optical system. ... Bob Crane as Col. ... Old logo from 1985-2006 Walt Disney Pictures refers to several different entities associated with The Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Pictures, the film banner, was established as a designation in 1983, prior to which Disney films since the death of Walt Disney were released under the name of the... For the singer, see Se7en (singer). ... James Ellroy (born Lee Earle Ellroy on March 4, 1948 in Los Angeles, California) is an American writer. ... The Black Dahlia is a neo-noir novel by James Ellroy taking inspiration from the true story of the murder of Elizabeth Short. ... Brian De Palma (born Brian Russell DePalma on September 11, 1940 in Newark, New Jersey) is a controversial American film director, best known for directing the Al Pacino classic Scarface, and the Academy Award-winning The Untouchables. ...

Fincher was drawn to this story because he spent much of his childhood in San Anselmo in Marin County during the initial Zodiac murders. "I remember coming home and saying the highway patrol had been following our school buses for a couple weeks now. And my dad, who worked from home, and who was very dry, not one to soft-pedal things, turned slowly in his chair and said: ‘Oh yeah. There’s a serial killer who has killed four or five people, who calls himself Zodiac, who’s threatened to take a high-powered rifle and shoot out the tires of a school bus, and then shoot the children as they come off the bus.’"^[8] For Fincher as a young boy, the killer "was the ultimate boogeyman".^[8] The director was also drawn to the unresolved ending of Vanderbilt's screenplay because it felt true to real life where cases are not always solved.^[9] San Anselmo is a town located in Marin County, California, in the western United States. ... Marin County is a county located in Californias San Francisco Bay Area, across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. ...

Fincher realized that his job was to dispel the mythic stature the case had taken on over the years by clearly defining what was fact and what was fiction.^[2] He told Vanderbilt that he wanted the screenplay re-written but with additional research done from the original police reports. Fincher found that there was a lot of speculation and hearsay and wanted to interview people directly involved in the case in person to see if he believed what they were telling him. Fincher did this because he felt a burden of responsibility in making a film that convicted someone posthumously. The director, Fischer and Vanderbilt spent months interviewing witnesses, family members of suspects, retired and current investigators, the only two surviving victims, and the mayors of San Francisco and Vallejo. Fincher said, “Even when we did our own interviews, we would talk to two people. One would confirm some aspects of it and another would deny it. Plus, so much time had passed, memories are affected and the different telling of the stories would change perception. So when there was any doubt we always went with the police reports”.^[2] During the course of their research, Fincher and Fischer hired Gerald McMenamin, an internationally known forensic linguistics expert and professor of linguistics at California State University, to analyze the Zodiac’s letters. Unlike document examiners in the 1970s, he focused on the language of the Zodiac and how he formed his sentences in terms of word structure and spelling.^[8] Hearsay is a legal term that describes a class of evidence generally disallowed by most courts in the United States. ... Forensic linguistics is the name given to a number of sub-disciplines within applied linguistics, and which relate to the interface between language, the law and crime. ... The California State University (CSU) is one of three public higher education systems in the state of California, the other two being the University of California system and the California Community College System. ...

Fincher and Fischer approached Sony Pictures Entertainment to finance the film but talks with them fell through because the studio wanted the running time fixed at two hours and fifteen minutes. They then approached other studios with Warner Bros. and Paramount Pictures agreeing to share the costs and were willing to be more flexible about the running time. The film was a tough sell to the studio and they were concerned about the heavy amount of dialogue and the lack of action scenes, as well as the inconclusive nature of the story arc.^[10] Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. ... â€œWBâ€ redirects here. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ...

When Dave Toschi met Fincher, Fischer and Vanderbilt, the director told him that he was not going to make another Dirty Harry. Toschi was impressed with their knowledge of the case and afterwards, he realized that he had learned a lot from them.^[2] In addition, the Zodiac’s two surviving victims, Mike Mageau and Bryan Hartnell were consultants on the film. For other uses, see Dirty Harry (disambiguation). ...

Alan J. Pakula’s film, All the President's Men was the template for Zodiac as Fincher felt that it was also “the story of a reporter determined to get the story at any cost and one who was new to being an investigative reporter. It was all about his obsession to know the truth”.^[2] And like in that film, he did not want to spend time telling the back story of any of the characters, focusing, instead, on what they did in regards to the case.”^[4] Alan Jay Pakula (April 7, 1928 - November 19, 1998) was an American film producer, writer and director noted for his contributions to the conspiracy thriller genre. ... This article is about the 1976 film. ...

Vanderbilt was drawn to the notion that Graysmith went from a cartoonist to one of the most significant investigators of the case. He pitched the story as, “what if Garry Trudeau woke up one morning and tried to solve the Son of Sam”.^[2] As he worked on the script, he became friends with Graysmith and consulted him often. The filmmakers were able to get the cooperation of the Vallejo Police Department (one of the key investigators at the time) because they hoped that the movie would inspire someone to come forward with a crucial bit of information that might help solve the case. Garry Trudeau Garretson Beekman Trudeau (born July 21, 1948, in New York City) is an American cartoonist, best known for the Doonesbury comic strip. ... David Falco Berkowitz (born June 1, 1953), better known by his nickname Son of Sam, is an infamous 1970s New York City serial killer who killed six people and wounded several others. ...

Principal photography

Fincher decided to use the digital Thomson Viper Filmstream camera to shoot the film. Fincher had previously used the Thomson Viper over the past three years on commercials for Nike, Hewlett Packard, Heineken and Lexus which allowed him to get used to and experiment with the equipment. Working with digital cameras allowed him to watch what he had just shot in full resolution, experience less equipment failure than with film, and thereby eliminated things like film negative damage, and reduce costs in post-production. He was able to use inexpensive desktop software like Final Cut Pro to edit Zodiac. Fincher remarked in an interview, "Dailies almost always end up being disappointing, like the veil is pierced and you look at it for the first time and think, 'Oh my god, this is what I really have to work with.' But when you can see what you have as it's gathered, it can be a much less neurotic process".^[11] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American music video and film director known for his dark and stylish portraits of the human experience, particularly Fight Club and Se7en. ... Northern California, sometimes referred to as NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. ... Digital cinematography is the process of capturing motion pictures as digital images, rather than on film. ... Nike, Inc. ... HP redirects here. ... Heineken (or Heineken Brouwerijen) is a Dutch beer brewer, established in 1863 when Gerard Adriaan Heineken purchased a brewery in Amsterdam. ... Lexus is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. ... Final Cut Pro is a professional non-linear editing system developed by Apple Inc. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

Contrary to popular belief, Zodiac was not shot entirely digitally; traditional high-speed film cameras were used for slow-motion murder sequences.^[12] Michael Mann's Miami Vice, as well as his previous effort, Collateral (a co-production of Paramount and its current sister studio DreamWorks, and which also starred Mark Ruffalo), were also shot with the camera but mixed in other formats.^[13] Once shot on the Viper camera, the files were converted to DVCPro HD 1080i and edited in Final Cut Pro. This was for editorial decisions only. During the later stages of editing the original uncompressed 1080p 4:4:4 RAW digital source footage was assembled automatically to maintain an up-to-date digital "negative" of the movie. Other digital productions like Superman Returns or Apocalypto recorded to the HDCAM tape format. Michael Kenneth Mann (born February 5, 1943 in Chicago) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. ... For the 1980s TV series, see Miami Vice. ... Collateral is a 2004 Academy Award-nominated Dreamworks SKG/Paramount Pictures American drama/thriller/crime film directed by Michael Mann and written by Stuart Beattie, with un-credited rewrites by Mann and Frank Darabont. ... This article is about the film studio. ... Final Cut Pro is a professional non-linear editing system developed by Apple Inc. ... For the video game of the same name, see Superman Returns (video game). ... Apocalypto is an Academy Award-nominated 2006 epic film directed by Mel Gibson. ... Betacam and VHS size comparison Betacam SP L, Betacam SP S, VHS Betacam is a family of half-inch professional videotape formats developed by Sony from 1982 onwards. ...

Fincher had previously worked with director of photography Harris Savides on Se7en (he shot the opening credits) and The Game. Savides loved the script but realized, “there was so much exposition, just people talking on the phone or having conversations. It was difficult to imagine how it could be done in a visual way”.^[14] Fincher and Savides did not want to repeat the look of Se7en. The director's approach to Zodiac was to create a look mundane enough that audiences would accept that what they were watching was the truth. The filmmakers also did not want to glamorize the killer or tell the story through his eyes. “That would have turned the story into a first-person-shooter video game. We didn’t want to make the sort of movie that serial killers would want to own,” Fincher said.^[14] A cinematographer (from cinema photographer) is one photographing with a motion picture camera. ... Harris Savides (born September 28, 1957) is a contemporary American cinematographer. ... For the singer, see Se7en (singer). ... Opening credits, in a television program, motion picture or videogame, are shown at the beginning of a show and list the most important members of the production. ... The Game is a 1997 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher and produced by Polygram, telling the story of an investment banker who is gifted with prepaid access to a game that integrates in strange ways with his life. ...

Savides' first experience with the Viper Filmstream camera was shooting a Motorola commercial with Fincher. From there, he used it on Zodiac. Fincher wanted to make sure that the camera was more inclined towards film production so that the studio would be more comfortable about using it on a project with large budget. To familiarize himself with the camera, he “did as many things ‘wrong’ as I possibly could. I went against everything I was supposed to do with the camera”.^[14] Savides felt comfortable with the camera after discovering its limitations. Motorola Inc. ...

Fincher and Savides used the photographs of William Eggleston, Stephen Shore's work from the early Seventies, and actual photos from the Zodiac police files.^[14] The two men worked hard to capture the look and feel of the period as Fincher admitted, “I suppose there could have been more VW bugs but I think what we show is a pretty good representation of the time. It is not technically perfect. There are some flaws but some are intended”.^[2] The San Francisco Chronicle was built in the old post office in the Terminal Annex Building in downtown Los Angeles. A building on Sprint Street subbed for the Hall of Justice and the San Francisco Police Department. Production began on September 12, 2005. They shot for five weeks in the San Francisco Bay Area and the rest of the time in L.A. bringing the film in under budget, wrapping in February 2006. The film took 115 days to shoot. William Eggleston (born July 27, 1939) is an American photographer. ... Stephen Shore (born 1947 in New York City) is an American photographer best known as a pioneer of color photography. ... The Volkswagen Type 1, more commonly known as the Beetle, Vocho, Bug or KÃ¤fer (German), is a compact car, produced by Volkswagen from 1938 until 2003. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Media:Example. ...

Some of the cast was not happy with Fincher’s exacting ways and perfectionism. Some scenes required upwards of 70 takes. Gyllenhaal was frustrated by the director’s methods and commented in an interview, “You get a take, 5 takes, 10 takes. Some places, 90 takes. But there is a stopping point. There’s a point at which you go, ‘That’s what we have to work with.’ But we would reshoot things. So there came a point where I would say, well, what do I do? Where’s the risk?”^[8] Downey said, “I just decided, aside from several times I wanted to garrote him, that I was going to give him what he wanted. I think I’m a perfect person to work for him, because I understand gulags”.^[8] Fincher responded, “If an actor is going to let the role come to them, they can’t resent the fact that I’m willing to wait as long as that takes. You know, the first day of production in San Francisco we shot 56 takes of Mark and Jake – and it’s the 56th take that’s in the movie”.^[10] Ruffalo also backed up his director’s methods when he said, “The way I see it is, you enter into someone else’s world as an actor. You can put your expectations aside and have an experience that’s new and pushes and changes you, or hold onto what you think it should be and have a stubborn, immovable journey that’s filled with disappointment and anger”.^[8] A garrote or garrote vil (a Spanish word; alternative spellings include garotte and garrotte) is a handheld weapon, most often referring to a ligature of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line used to strangle someone to death. ... Nikolai Getman Moving out. ...

Soundtrack

Originally, Fincher envisioned the film’s soundtrack to be composed of 40 cues of vintage music spanning the nearly three decades of the Zodiac story. With music supervisor George Drakoulias, the director searched for the right pop songs that reflected the era, including Three Dog Night’s cover of “Easy to Be Hard” because “it’s so ingrained in my psyche as being what the summer of ’69 sounded like in northern California”.^[1] Initially, Fincher did not envision an original score for the film, but rather a tapestry of sound design, vintage songs of the period, sound bites and clips of [AM radio giant] KFRC and "Mathews Top of the Hill Daly City" (home of a prominent hi-fi dealership of the time).^[15] The director told the studio that he did not need a composer and would buy various songs instead. They agreed, but as the film developed, sound designer and longtime Fincher collaborator Ren Klyce felt there places in some scenes that could have used music.^[15] So, he inserted music from one of his favorite soundtracks, David Shire’s score for The Conversation and All the President’s Men. Fincher was eager to work with Shire as All the President’s Men was one of his favorite films and one the primary cinematic influences on Zodiac. He reminded Klyce of the deal that he had made with the studio. Two soundtrack albums were released for the 2007 film Zodiac. ... Three Dog Night is an American rock and roll band, best known for their work from 1968-1975 but still making live appearances as of 2007. ... David Shire David Shire (born July 3, 1937) is an American songwriter and the composer of stage musicals and film and television scores. ... The Conversation is an Academy Award nominated 1974 mystery thriller about audio surveillance, written and directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Gene Hackman, John Cazale, Teri Garr, and Cindy Williams; it also features an early performance by Harrison Ford and an uncredited appearance from Robert Duvall. ...

Klyce got in touch with sound and film editor Walter Murch who worked on The Conversation and he got Klyce in touch with Shire. Fincher sent the composer a copy of the script and flew him in for a meeting and a screening in L.A. At first, Fincher only wanted 15–20 minutes of score and for it to be all based on solo piano. As Shire worked on it and incorporated textures of a Charles Ives piece called, “The Unanswered Question” and Conversation-based cues, he found that he had 37 minutes of original music. The orchestra Shire assembled consisted of musicians from the San Francisco Opera and S.F. ballet. Shire said, “There are 12 signs of the Zodiac and there is a way of using atonal and tonal music. So we used 12 tones, never repeating any of them but manipulating them”.^[2] He used specific instruments to represent the characters: the trumpet for Toschi, the solo piano for Graysmith and the dissonant strings for the Zodiac killer.^[2] Walter Murch speaking 13 March 2005 Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an Academy Awardâ€“winning film editor/sound mixer. ... This photo from around 1913 shows Ives in his day job. He was the director of a successful insurance agency. ... // The Unanswered Question American composer, Charles Edward Ives (October 20, 1874 â€“ May 19, 1954) composed many classical pieces. ...

Editing

An early version of Zodiac ran three hours and eight minutes. It was supposed to be released in time for Academy Award consideration but Paramount felt that the film ran too long and asked Fincher to make changes. Contractually, he had final cut and once he reached a length he felt was right, the director refused to make any further cuts.^[4] To trim down the film to two hours and forty minutes, he had to cut a two-minute blackout montage of “hit songs signaling the passage of time from Joni Mitchell to Donna Summer.” It was replaced with a title card that reads, “Four years later.”^[8] Another cut scene that test screening audiences did not like involved “three guys talking into a speakerphone” to get a search warrant as Toschi and Armstrong talk to SFPD Capt. Marty Lee (Dermot Mulroney) about their case against suspect Arthur Leigh Allen.^[16] Fincher said that this scene would probably be put back on the DVD.^[17] Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. ... Donna Summer (born LaDonna Adrian Gaines, on December 31, 1948) is a legendary American singer, songwriter, and artist, best known for a string of dance hits in the 1970s that earned her the title Queen of Disco and as one of the few disco-based artists to have longevity on... Dermot Mulroney (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor of Irish descent. ...

Visual effects

Digital Domain handled the bulk of the movie's 200+ effects shots including pools of blood and bloody fingerprints found at crime scenes. For the murder of a woman that took place at Lake Berryessa blood seepage and clothing stains were also visual effects added in post-production. Fincher did not want to shoot the blood with practical effects because wiping everything down after every take would take too long and so the murder sequences were done with CG blood.^[18] CG was also used to recreate the San Francisco neighborhood at Washington and Cherry where cab driver Paul Stine was killed. The area had changed significantly over the years and so Fincher shot the six-minute sequence on a bluescreen stage. Production designer Donald Burt gave the visual effects team detailed drawings of the intersection as it was in 1969 and photographs of every possible angle of the area with a high-resolution digital camera which allowed the effects artists to build computer-based geometric models of homes and textured them with period facades. Then, 3-D vintage police motorcycles, squad cars, a firetruck and streets lights were added.^[18] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Computer-generated imagery (commonly abbreviated as CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects in films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally, and printed media. ... Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor. ... Digital Domain is an Academy Award-winning computer graphics company located in Venice, California that provides visual effects for film, commercials and music videos. ...

Reception

To promote Zodiac, Paramount posted on light-poles in major cities original sketches of the actual Zodiac killer with the words, "In theaters March 2nd," at the bottom.^[19]

Opening in 2,362 theaters on March 2, 2007, the film grossed USD $13.3 million in its opening weekend, placing second and posting a decent per-theater average of $5,671.^[20] The film was easily outgrossed by fellow opener Wild Hogs and saw a decline of over 50% in its second weekend, losing out to the record-breaking 300.^[21] It grossed $33 million in North America and $51 million in the rest of the world, bringing its current total to $84 million, above its estimated $75 million production budget.^[22] In an interview with Sight & Sound magazine, Fincher addressed the film's failure at the North American box office: "Even with the box office being what it is, I still think there's an audience out there for this movie. Everyone has a different idea about marketing, but my philosophy is that if you market a movie to 16-year-old boys and don't deliver Saw or Se7en, they're going to be the most vociferous ones coming out of the screening saying 'This movie sucks.' And you're saying goodbye to the audience who would get it because they're going to look at the ads and say, 'I don't want to see some slasher movie'".^[11] is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Wild Hogs is a 2007 comedy film starring Tim Allen, John Travolta, Martin Lawrence and William H. Macy. ... 300 is a 2007 film adaptation of the graphic novel 300 by Frank Miller, and is a fictionalized retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae. ... North American redirects here. ... Sight & Sound is a British monthly magazine about film. ... Saw is a 2004 horror film, and the first installment of the Saw film series. ... Se7en redirects here. ... The slasher film is a sub-genre of the horror genre and is also known as a splatter film. ...

Reviews

Reviews have been mostly positive. Zodiac currently has a rating of 89% on Rotten Tomatoes (81% for their "Cream of the Crop" designation) dubbing it "Certified Fresh", and a 78 metascore at Metacritic. It currently holds a 7.9/10 (based on 54,028 votes) rating at IMDb.com, ranking it as one of the best reviewed true life thrillers of all time on that website. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Metacritic is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and books. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), owned by Amazon. ...

Entertainment Weekly critic Owen Gleiberman awarded the film an "A" grade, hailing the film as a "procedural thriller for the information age" that "spins your head in a new way, luring you into a vortex and then deeper still".^[23] Nathan Lee in his review for the Village Voice wrote, "Yet it's his very lack of pretense, coupled with a determination to get the facts down with maximum economy and objectivity, that gives Zodiac its hard, bright integrity. As a crime saga, newspaper drama, and period piece, it works just fine. As an allegory of life in the information age, it blew my mind".^[24] Todd McCarthy's review in Variety praised the film's "almost unerringly accurate evocation of the workaday San Francisco of 35–40 years ago. Forget the distorted emphasis on hippies and flower-power that many such films indulge in; this is the city as it was experienced by most people who lived and worked there".^[25] David Ansen, in his review for Newsweek magazine, wrote, "Zodiac is meticulously crafted – Harris Savides's state-of-the-art digital cinematography has a richness indistinguishable from film – and it runs almost two hours and 40 minutes. Still, the movie holds you in its grip from start to finish. Fincher boldly (and some may think perversely) withholds the emotional and forensic payoff we're conditioned to expect from a big studio movie".^[26] Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... Owen Gleiberman (born 24 February 1959) is a film critic for Entertainment Weekly, a position he has held since the magazines launch in 1990. ... A university computer lab containing many desktop PCs The transition of communication technology: Oral Culture, Manuscript Culture, Print Culture, and Information Age Information Age is a term that has been used to refer to the present economic era. ... The Village Voice is a New York City-based weekly newspaper featuring investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts reviews and events listings for New York City. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... David Ansen is movie critic and senior editor for Newsweek, where he has been reviewing movies since 1977. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ...

Some critics, however, were displeased with the film's long running time and lack of action scenes. "The film gets mired in the inevitable red tape of police investigations," wrote Bob Longino of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, who also felt that the film "stumbles to a rather unfulfilling conclusion" and "seems to last as long as the Oscars".^[27] Andrew Sarris of the New York Observer felt that "Mr. Fincher’s flair for casting is the major asset of his curiously attenuated return to the serial-killer genre. I keep saying 'curiously' with regard to Mr. Fincher, because I can’t really figure out what he is up to in Zodiac – with its two-hour-and-37-minute running time for what struck me as a shaggy-dog narrative".^[28] Christy Lemire wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle that "Jake Gyllenhaal is both the central figure and the weakest link . . . But he's never fleshed out sufficiently to make you believe that he'd sacrifice his safety and that of his family to find the truth. We are told repeatedly that the former Eagle Scout is just a genuinely good guy, but that's not enough".^[29] The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the only major daily newspaper of Atlanta and metro Atlanta. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Andrew Sarris is a film critic and a leading proponent of the Auteur theory of criticism. ... The New York Observer is a weekly newspaper first published in New York City on September 22, 1987 by Arthur L. Carter, a very successful former investment banker with publishing interests. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ...

In the United Kingdom, Time Out magazine wrote, "Zodiac isn’t a puzzle film in quite that way; instead its subject is the compulsion to solve puzzles, and its coup is the creeping recognition, quite contrary to the flow of crime cinema, of how fruitless that compulsion can be".^[30] In his review for Empire magazine, Kim Newman gave the film four out of five stars and wrote, "You’ll need patience with the film’s approach, which follows its main characters by poring over details, and be prepared to put up with a couple of rote family arguments and weary cop conversations, but this gripping character study becomes more agonisingly suspenseful as it gets closer to an answer that can’t be confirmed".^[31] Graham Fuller in Sight and Sound magazine wrote, "the tone is pleasingly flat and mundane, evoking the demoralising grind of police work in a pre-feminist, pre-technological era. As such, Zodiac is considerably more adult than both Se7en, which salivates over the macabre cat-and-mouse game it plays with the audience, and the macho brinkmanship of Fight Club".^[32] Not all U.K. critics liked the film. David Thompson in the Guardian felt that in relation to the rest of Fincher's career, Zodiac was "the worst yet, a terrible disappointment in which an ingenious and deserving all-American serial killer nearly gets lost in the meandering treatment of cops and journalists obsessed with the case".^[33] Time-out can mean: sport time-out, a break in play that may be called by a side to formulate strategy or respond to an players injury. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Kim Newman (born July 31, 1959) is an English journalist, film critic, and fiction writer. ... Sight and Sound is a British monthly magazine about film. ... Fight Club is a 1999 feature film adaptation of the 1996 novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk, adapted by Jim Uhls and directed by David Fincher. ...

In France, Le Monde newspaper praised Fincher for having "obtained a maturity that impresses by his mastery of form," while Libération described the film as "a thriller of elegance magnificently photographed by the great Harry Savides".^[34] However, Le Figaro wrote, "No audacity, no invention, nothing but a plot which intrigues without captivating, disturbs without terrifying, interests without exciting".^[34] For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ... LibÃ©ration (affectionately known as LibÃ©) is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny LÃ©vy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. ... Le Figaro (English: ) is one of the leading French morning daily newspapers. ...

Zodiac was screened in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2007 with Fincher and Gyllenhaal participating in a press conference afterwards.^[35] The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival de Cannes), founded in 1939, is one of the worlds oldest, most influential and prestigious film festivals. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Top ten lists

Only two 2007 movies appeared on more critics' top ten lists than Zodiac (No Country for Old Men and There Will Be Blood) ^[36]. Some of the notable top-ten list appearances are:^[37] No Country for Old Men is a 2007 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Cormac McCarthy. ... There Will Be Blood is a film adaptation of Upton Sinclairs novel Oil! It stars Daniel Day-Lewis and Paul Dano, and is screenwritten, produced and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. ...

The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. ... October 2, 2004 edition. ... This article is about a New York newspaper. ... The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and New England. ... The A.V. Club is an entertainment newspaper and website published by The Onion. ... The A.V. Club is an entertainment newspaper and website published by The Onion. ... The Film Comment is a renowned film journal published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center. ... L.A. Weekly is a free weekly tabloid-sized newspaper (a so-called alternative weekly) in Los Angeles, California. ... The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette is a daily newspaper published in Little Rock, Arkansas. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... The New York Post is the 13th-oldest newspaper published in the United States and the oldest to have been published continually as a daily. ... Premiere is an American and New York City-based film magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi MÃ©dias, beginning publication in 1987. ... The A.V. Club is an entertainment newspaper and website published by The Onion. ... October 2, 2004 edition. ... The A.V. Club is an entertainment newspaper and website published by The Onion. ... The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and New England. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English-language nationally distributed newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company. ...

Awards

James Vanderbilt was nominated for Adapted Screenplay by the Writers Guild of America, Chicago Film Critics Association, and the Satellite Awards.^[39] The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ...

DVD release

The DVD for Zodiac was released on July 24, 2007^[40] and is available widescreen or fullscreen, presented in anamorphic widescreen, and an English Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround track. There are no extra materials included.^[41] According to David Prior, producer of the upcoming special edition, the bare bones edition "was only reluctantly agreed to by Fincher because I needed more time on the bonus material. The studio was locked into their release date (and bound and determined to release a single-disc, which nobody except them wanted), so Fincher allowed that to be released first. It had nothing to do with Fincher 'double dipping his own movie before it even makes it to stores' and everything to do with buying more time for the special edition".^[42] He stated that the theatrical cut will only be available on the single disc edition. Prior elaborated further: "Nobody wants fans feeling like they're being taken advantage of, and I know that double-dipping creates that impression. That's why it was so important to me that consumers be told there was another version coming. In this case it really was a rock-and-a-hard place situation, and delaying the second release was done strictly for the benefit of the final product . . . But this is a very ambitious project, easily the most far-reaching I've ever worked on, and owing largely to studio snafus that I can't really elaborate on, I didn't have enough time to do it properly. Thus Fincher bought me the extra time by agreeing to a staggered release, which I'm very grateful for".^[43]In its first week, rentals for the DVD earned $6.7 million.^[44] A directors cut is a specially edited version of a film, and less often TV series, music video, commercials or video games, that is supposed to represent the directors own approved edit. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies by Dolby Laboratories. ...

The two-disc director's cut DVD and HD DVD were released on January 8, 2008. Disc 1 features, in addition to a longer cut of the film, a commentary by Fincher and a second commentary by Gyllenhaal, Downey, Fischer, Vanderbilt, and Ellroy. Disc 2 includes a trailer, a "Zodiac Deciphered" documentary, a "Visual Effects of Zodiac" featurette, previsualization split-screen comparisons for the Blue Rock Springs, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco murder sequences, a "This is the Zodiac Speaking" featurette, and a "His Name Was Arthur Leigh Allen" featurette. Other extras apparently originally intended for the set, including TV spots and featurettes on "Digital Workflow," "Linguistic Analysis," "Jeopardy Surface: Geographic Profiling" (Dr. Kim Rossmo's geographic profile of the Zodiac), and "The Psychology of Aggression: Behavioral Profiling" (Special Agent Sharon Pagaling-Hagan's behavioral profile of the Zodiac) were omitted. However, the latter three featurettes were made available on the film's website.^[45] This new version runs five minutes longer than the theatrical cut.^[46] For Oscar contention, Paramount will be distributing the Director's Cut DVD to the Producers Guild of America, the Writers Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild, instead of the official release version. This is the first time that the studio has done this.^[46] A directors cut is a specially edited version of a film, and less often TV series, music video, commercials or video games, that is supposed to represent the directors own approved edit. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Producers Guild of America (PGA) is a trade organization representing the television and film producers in the United States. ... The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ... The Screen Actors Guild (S.A.G.) is the labor union representing over 120,000 film actors in the United States. ...

The director's cut of Zodiac was given a rare screening at the Walter Reade Theater in New York City on November 19, 2007 with Fincher being interviewed by film critic Kent Jones afterwards.^[47] Walter Reade created the Walter Reade Organization, which owned and operated theatres in Manhattan. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

References

^ ^a ^b Schruers, Fred. "Fincher vs. the Zodiac Killer", Premiere, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Zodiac Production Notes" (PDF), Paramount Pictures Press Kit, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-19.
^ ^a ^b Harland, Pamela. "Profile: Mark Ruffalo Traces the Steps of Zodiac", iFMagazine, February 28, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rodriguez, Rene. "Zodiac Filmmaker Recalls Wave of Panic", PopMatters, March 3, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ Voynar, Kim. "Interview: Zodiac Author Robert Graysmith", Cinematical, March 2, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ Faye, Dennis. "The Messiness of Life & Death", Writers Guild of America. Retrieved on 2007-04-03.
^ Abramowitz, Rachel. "2 Men, 1 Obsession: The Quest for Justice", Los Angeles Times, February 28, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Halbfinger, David M. "Lights, Bogeyman, Action", New York Times, February 18, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-23.
^ Lawson, Terry. "David Fincher Talks Zodiac", PopMatters, March 2, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ ^a ^b Svetkey, Benjamin. "King of Pain", Entertainment Weekly, February 26, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ ^a ^b Taubin, Amy. "Nerds on a Wire", Sight & Sound, May 2007.
^ "The Visual Effects of Zodiac", Zodiac: Director's Cut DVD, Warner Brothers and Paramount Pictures, 2008.
^ Goldman, Michael. "Miami Vice in HD", Digital Content Producer, May 23, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Williams, David E. "Cold Case File", American Cinematographer, April 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ ^a ^b Jackson, Blair. "Unraveling the Sound for Zodiac", Mix, March 1, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
^ "Interview: David Fincher of Zodiac", The Oregonian, March 2, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
^ Loder, Kurt. "Director David Fincher: Beyond the Zodiac", MTV, March 2, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
^ ^a ^b Crabtree, Sheigh. "Re-creating 1969 "Zodiac" Murders", Los Angeles Times, March 11, 2007.
^ Sciretta, Peter. "Zodiac Killer on the Loose", /Film, February 16, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
^ "Weekend Box Office for March 2–4, 2007", Box Office Mojo, March 2–4, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
^ "Weekend Box Office for March 9–11, 2007", Box Office Mojo, March 9–11, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
^ "Zodiac", Box Office Mojo, July 22, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.
^ Gleiberman, Owen. "Zodiac", Entertainment Weekly, February 27, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
^ Lee, Nathan. "To Catch a Predator", Village Voice, February 23, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
^ McCarthy, Todd. "Zodiac", Variety, February 22, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
^ Ansen, David. "The Rage of Aquarius", Newsweek, March 5, 2007.
^ Longino, Bob. "Zodiac mires in red tape", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, March 2, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
^ Sarris, Andrew. "Stars Align in Zodiac: Cast Saves Fincher’s Shaggy-Dog Psychodrama", New York Observer, March 5, 2007.
^ Lemire, Christy. "Serial killer saga Zodiac well-acted, but too long", San Francisco Chronicle, February 26, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
^ Walters, Ben. "Zodiac", Time Out, May 16–22, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-15.
^ Newman, Kim. "Zodiac", Empire, May 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-15.
^ Fuller, Graham. "Zodiac", Sight and Sound, June 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-21.
^ Thomson, David. "David Thomson's Biographical Dictionary of Film #14", Guardian, May 11, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-15.
^ ^a ^b Bergan, Ronald. "What the French papers say", Guardian Unlimited, May 19, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-21.
^ Lyman, Eric J. "Fincher made exception for Zodiac", Hollywood Reporter, May 18, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-18.
^ www.criticstop10.com
^ Metacritic: 2007 Film Critic Top Ten Lists. Metacritic. Retrieved on 2008-01-05.
^ Film Comment's End-of-Year Critics' Poll. Film Comment. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
^ "2008 Writers Guild Awards Screen Nominees Announced", Writers Guild of America, January 10, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-11.
^ "Rumor Mill", Digital Bits, May 10, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Woodward, Tom. "Zodiac", DVDActive, June 11, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
^ Prior, David. "Re: HTF Review: Zodiac", Home Theater Forum, July 8, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
^ Prior, David. "Zodiac: –7/24/07", DVD Talk Forum, July 8, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
^ Arnold, Thomas K. "Zodiac a sales star on DVD", Washington Post, August 1, 2007.
^ Woodward, Tom. "The Zodiac Director's Cut is coming . . . in 2008!?", DVDActive, September 18, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
^ ^a ^b McClintock, Pamela. "Paramount puts out Fire screeners", Variety, October 16, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-17.
^ Rizov, Vadim. "Fincher Kills at Special Zodiac Screening", The Reeler, November 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.

id="Further_reading"> Premiere is an American and New York City-based film magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi MÃ©dias, beginning publication in 1987. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... PopMatters is an international magazine of cultural criticism. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... 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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sight & Sound is a British monthly magazine about film. ... May 2007 is the fifth month of that year. ... Warner Bros. ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... American Cinematographer is a monthly journal published by the American Society of Cinematographers. ... April 2007 is the fourth month of the year. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... October 2, 2004 edition. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated EW) is a magazine published by Time Inc. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Village Voice is a New York City-based weekly newspaper featuring investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts reviews and events listings for New York City. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the only major daily newspaper of Atlanta and metro Atlanta. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Observer is a weekly newspaper first published in New York City on September 22, 1987 by Arthur L. Carter, a very successful former investment banker with publishing interests. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The distinctive Time Out logo, seen on all its publications Time Out is a publishing company based in London. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... May 2007 is the fifth month of that year. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sight and Sound is a British monthly magazine about film. ... June 2007 is the sixth month of that year. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Hollywood Reporter is one of two major trade papers of the film industry in the United States, the other being Variety. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Metacritic is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and books. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Film Comment is a renowned film journal published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

Plot

Cast and characters

Production

Development

Principal photography

Soundtrack

Editing

Visual effects

Reception

Reviews

Top ten lists

Awards

DVD release

References

Further reading

External links

Contents

Plot GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Cast and characters

Production

Development

Principal photography

Soundtrack

Editing

Visual effects

Reception

Reviews

Top ten lists

Awards

DVD release

References

Further reading

External links

Plot