A group of actors portraying zombies in a film

Zombies are regularly encountered in horror- and fantasy-themed fiction and entertainment. They are typically depicted as mindless, shambling, decaying corpses with a hunger for human flesh, and in some cases, human brains in particular. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1365x2048, 478 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Zombie User:Toxic Ninja Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1365x2048, 478 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Zombie User:Toxic Ninja Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... This article is about the undead. ... “Horror story” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ... “Horror story” redirects here. ... Cannibal redirects here. ... The human brain controls the central nervous system (CNS), by way of the cranial nerves and spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and regulates virtually all human activity. ...

Evolution of the zombie archetype

The concept of the flesh-hungry undead dates back to mythology and folklore from prehistory, such as in the Epic of Gilgamesh, where the goddess Ishtar vows in rage: The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Babylonia and is among the earliest known literary works. ... For other uses, see Ishtar (disambiguation). ...

"I will knock down the Gates of the Netherworld,

I will smash the door posts, and leave the doors flat down,

And will let the dead go up to eat the living!

And the dead will outnumber the living!"^[1]

The flesh-hungry undead, often in the form of ghouls and vampires, have been a fixture of world mythology, from the Norse draugr to the Japanese Jikininki^[2]. Undead is a collective name for mythological beings that are deceased yet behave as if alive. ... Ghouls are a variety of monster that come from Arab folklore. ... Further reading Christopher Frayling - Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula 1992. ... A draugr (original Old Norse plural draugar, as used here, not draugrs), draug or draugen (Norwegian meaning the draug) is a corporeal undead from Norse mythology. ... In Japanese Buddhism, jikininki (Japanese: 食尸鬼, man-eating ghosts) are the spirits of greedy, selfish or impious individuals who are cursed after death to seek out and eat human corpses. ...

An early zombie reference in Western literature was in "Pierre-Corneille" (actually Paul-Alexis) Blessebois' satirical French novel from 1697, Le Zombi du grand Pérou ("The Zombie of the great Peru"). Though many Voodoo references are used in the book, it is not explained what a "Zombi" actually is. Because of this, it is implied that readers of the time already had a definition for a "zombi", though no preceding reference for such a definition has yet been found^[3].

Frontispiece of Zombi du grand Pérou

In 1797 the concept re-appeared^[4] with the publication of Description topographique et politique de la partie espagnole de l'isle Saint-Domingue, a book on what would become Haiti, by the author Moreau de Saint-Méry. Moreau says that 'Zombi' is a creole word meaning "spirit, ghost" (specifically, in French, a revenant, that is, a "returning" person). He also mentions that, in one place on the island, slaves buried their dead despite being forbidden to do so, and that floods sometimes brought them back to the surface. Later books on the subject, such as those by Wade Davis, express that traditional Haitian mysticism, as in many other cultures, stressed "the permeability of the frontier between life and death"^[5] and an unquestioned belief in the possibility of walking corpses. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, while not a zombie story proper, prefigures many 20th century ideas about zombies in that the resurrection of the dead is portrayed as a scientific process rather than a mystical one, and that the resurrected dead are degraded and more violent than their living selves. Frankenstein, published in 1818, has its roots in European folklore^[6], whose tales of vengeful dead also informed the evolution of the modern conception of vampires as well as zombies. Later notable 19th century stories about the avenging undead included Ambrose Bierce's "The Death of Halpin Frayser", and various Gothic Romanticism tales by Edgar Allan Poe. Though their works couldn't be properly considered zombie stories, the supernatural tales of Bierce and Poe would prove influential on later undead-themed writers such as H.P. Lovecraft, by Lovecraft's own admission^[7]. This article is about the 1818 novel. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (née Godwin) (30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist and the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... Philip Burne-Jones, The Vampire, 1897 Vampires are mythological or folkloric beings that subsist on human and/or animal lifeforce. ... Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24, 1842 – 1914?) was an American editorialist, journalist, short-story writer and satirist, today best known for his Devils Dictionary. ... Gothic Romanticism is a genre used in literature, film, the visual and performing arts, and the creative arts to describe a merger between Gothic and Romanticism. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy, horror and science fiction, noted for combining these three genres within single narratives. ...

One early book to expose more recent western culture to the concept of the zombie was The Magic Island by W.B. Seabrook in 1929. Island is the sensationalized account of a narrator in Haiti who encounters Voodoo cults and their resurrected thralls. The book "introduced 'zombi' into U.S. speech" ^[8].

In the 1920s and early 1930s, the American horror author H. P. Lovecraft wrote several stories that explored the zombie or undead theme from different angles. "Cool Air", "In the Vault" (which includes perhaps the first recorded character bitten by a zombie), "The Thing on the Doorstep", "The Outsider" and "Pickman's Model" are all undead or zombie-related, but the most definitive zombie story in Lovecraft's oeuvre was 1921's Herbert West--Reanimator, which "helped define zombies in popular culture"^[9]. This Frankenstein-inspired series featured Herbert West, a mad scientist who attempts to revive human corpses with mixed results. Notably, the resurrected dead are uncontrollable, mostly mute, primitive and extremely violent; though they are not referred to as zombies, their portrayal was prescient, anticipating the modern conception of zombies by several decades. Cool Air was one of H.P. Lovecrafts less popular works, although it is highly regarded among his more serious fans. ... In the Vault is a short story by American horror fiction writer H.P. Lovecraft, written on September 18, 1925 and first published in the November 1925 issue of the amateur press journal Tryout. ... The Outsider is a short story by American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft in 1921[1] and first published in the April 1926 issue of Weird Tales. ... Pickmans Model is a short story by H.P. Lovecraft, written in September 1926 and first published in the October 1927 issue of Weird Tales. ... Herbert West—Reanimator is a short story by American horror fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft, written between October 1921 and June 1922. ... Herbert West is a fictional character created by H.P. Lovecraft for his short story Herbert West—Reanimator, first published in 1922. ... They LAUGHED at my theories at the institute! Fools! Ill destroy them all! Caucasian, male, aging, crooked teeth, messy hair, lab coat, spectacles/goggles, dramatic posing — one popular stereotype of mad scientist. ...

A zombie with his victim in cult movie Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959)

In 1932, Victor Halperin directed White Zombie, a horror film starring Bela Lugosi. This film, capitalizing on the same Voodoo zombi themes as Seabrook's book of three years prior, is often regarded as the first legitimate zombie film ever made.^[10][11]. Here zombies are depicted as mindless, unthinking henchmen under the spell of an evil magician. Zombies, often still using this Voodoo-inspired rationale, were initially uncommon in cinema, but their appearances continued sporadically through the 1930s to the 1960s^[12], with notable films including I Walked With a Zombie (1943), and the infamous Plan 9 From Outer Space (1959). Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This article is about 1959 film. ... Victor Hugo Halperin (born August 24, 1895, in Chicago, Illinois, and died May 17, 1983, in Benton, Arizona) was an American film director, producer, and writer. ... White Zombie is an American horror film, first released on August 4, 1932. ... Bela Lugosi as Dracula United States stamp. ... I Walked with a Zombie is a 1943 horror film directed by Jacques Tourneur. ... This article is about 1959 film. ...

The 1936 film Things to Come, based on the novel by H.G. Wells, anticipates later zombie films with an apocalyptic scenario surrounding "the wandering sickness", a highly contagious viral plague that causes the infected to wander slowly and insensibly, very much like zombies, infecting others on contact^[13]. Though this film's direct influence on later films isn't known, Things to Come is still compared favorably by some critics^[14] to modern zombie movies. Things to Come is a 1936 British science fiction film, produced by Alexander Korda and directed by William Cameron Menzies. ... H. G. Wells at the door of his house at Sandgate Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 - August 13, 1946) was an English writer best known for his science fiction novels such as The War of the Worlds and The Time Machine. ...

Avenging zombies would feature prominently in the early 1950s EC Comics such as Tales from the Crypt, which George A. Romero would later claim as an influence^[15]. The comics, including Tales, Vault of Horror and Weird Science, featured avenging undead in the Gothic tradition quite regularly, including adaptations of Lovecraft's stories which included "In the Vault", "Cool Air" and Herbert West--Reanimator.^[16] Entertaining Comics was headed by William Gaines but is better known by its publishing name of EC Comics. ... The original title, Crime Patrol. ... George Andrew Romero (born February 4, 1940) is an American director, writer, editor and actor. ...

The 1954 publication of I Am Legend, by author Richard Matheson, would further influence the zombie genre. It is the story of a future Los Angeles, overrun with undead bloodsucking beings. Notable as influential on the zombie genre is the portrayal of a worldwide apocalypse due to the infestation, in addition to the initial conception of vampirism as a disease (a scenario comparable to recent zombie media such as 28 Days Later, and Resident Evil). The novel was a success, and would be adapted to film as The Last Man on Earth in 1964, as The Omega Man in 1971, and again in 2007 as I Am Legend. This article is about Richard Mathesons novel. ... Richard Burton Matheson (born February 20, 1926) is an American author and screenwriter, typically of fantasy, horror or science fiction. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... Look up Apocalypse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the medical term. ... 28 Days Later is a 2002 British post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris and Christopher Eccleston. ... Resident Evil is a 2002 science fiction horror film extremely loosely based on the Resident Evil series of survival horror games developed by Capcom, and the first in a series of film adaptations. ... The Last Man on Earth (originally titled LUltimo uomo della Terra) is a 1964 film based upon the Richard Matheson novel I Am Legend. ... The Omega Man is a 1971 science fiction thriller starring Charlton Heston. ... I Am Legend is an upcoming 2007 post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film directed by Francis Lawrence and starring Will Smith. ...

Although classified as a vampire story and referred to as "the first modern vampire novel" ^[17], Legend had definitive impact on the zombie genre by way of George A. Romero. Romero was heavily influenced by the novel and its 1964 adaptation when writing the film Night of the Living Dead^[18], by his own admission^[15]. Critics have also noted extensive similarities between Night and Last Man on Earth^[19][20], indicating further influence. George Andrew Romero (born February 4, 1940) is an American director, writer, editor and actor. ... This article is about the 1968 film directed by George A. Romero. ...

Night of the Living Dead, a taboo-breaking and genre-defining classic, would prove to be more influential on the concept of zombies than any literary or cinematic work before it.^[21]

George A. Romero and the modern zombie film

See also: List of zombie films and Romero zombies

A young zombie (Kyra Schon) feeding on human flesh, from Night of the Living Dead (1968)

The modern conception of the zombie owes itself almost entirely to George A. Romero's 1968 film Night of the Living Dead^[22] In his films, Romero "bred the zombie with the vampire, and what he got was the hybrid vigour of a ghoulish plague monster"^[23]. This entailed an apocalyptic vision of monsters that have come to be known as Romero zombies. Romero's reinvention of zombies is notable in terms of its thematics; he used zombies not just for their own sake, but as a vehicle "to criticize real-world social ills - such as government ineptitude, bioengineering, slavery, greed and exploitation - while indulging our post-apocalyptic fantasies"^[24]. Night was followed by Dawn of the Dead (1978), Day of the Dead (1985), and the much later Land of the Dead (2005). Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 28 Days Later (2002) 28 Weeks Later (2007) After Death (1988) (Zombie 4: After Death) The Aftermath (1982) Alien Dead... Image File history File links Girl_zombie_eating_her_victim_Night_of_the_Living_Dead_bw. ... Image File history File links Girl_zombie_eating_her_victim_Night_of_the_Living_Dead_bw. ... Kyra Schon (born October 4, 1957) is best known for her role in the George A. Romero film Night of the Living Dead (1968) as Karen Cooper, the trowel-wielding zombie girl. ... This article is about the 1968 film directed by George A. Romero. ... George Andrew Romero (born February 4, 1940) is an American director, writer, editor and actor. ... This article is about the 1968 film directed by George A. Romero. ... // For other uses, see Zombie apocalypse (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Day of the Dead (also known as George A. Romeros Day of the Dead) is a horror film by director George A. Romero, and the third of four movies. ... Land of the Dead (also known as George A. Romeros Land of the Dead) is the fourth in George A. Romeros Dead Series started by Night of the Living Dead, which continued with the sequels Dawn of the Dead and Day of the Dead. ...

Innately tied with the conception of the modern zombie is the "zombie apocalypse", the breakdown of society as a result of zombie infestation, portrayed in countless zombie-related media post-Night^[25]. Scholar Kim Paffrenroth notes that "more than any other monster, zombies are fully and literally apocalyptic ... they signal the end of the world as we have known it."^[25] // For other uses, see Zombie apocalypse (disambiguation). ...

Though it is not known when exactly the term "zombie" became associated with Romero's specific depiction, it should be noted that Night made no reference to the creatures as "zombies". In the film they are referred as "ghouls" on the TV news reports. However, the word "Zombie" is used continually by Romero in his 1978 script for Dawn of the Dead ^[26], including once in dialog. This "retroactively fits (the creatures) with an invisible Haitian/African prehistory, formally introducing the zombie as a new archetype" ^[27]. A ghoul is a monster from ancient Arabian folklore that dwells in burial grounds and other uninhabited places. ...

Dawn of the Dead was released under this title just months before the release of Lucio Fulci's Zombi II (1979). Fulci's gory epic was filmed at the same time as Romero's Dawn, despite the popular belief that it was made in order to cash in on the success of Dawn. The only reference to Dawn was the title change to Zombi II. German gore director Andreas Schnaas (left) and the late Lucio Fulci (right) at the 1994 Eurofest, London, England Lucio Fulci (June 17, 1927 - March 13, 1996) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor. ... The best-known of Lucio Fulcis films, Zombi II (also known as Zombie Flesh Eaters) sparked an obsession with zombie films across Europe and made Fulci a horror icon. ...

The early 1980s was notable for the introduction of zombies into Chinese and other Asian films, often martial arts/horror crossover films, that featured zombies as thralls animated by magic for purposes of battle^[28]. Though the idea never had large enough appeal to become a sub-genre, zombies are still used as martial-arts villains in some films today^[29].

1981's Night of the Zombies was the first film to reference a mutagenic gas as a source of zombie contagion, later echoed by Trioxin in Dan O'Bannon's 1985 film, Return of the Living Dead. RotLD took a more comedic approach than Romero's films; Return was the first film to feature zombies which hungered specifically for brains instead of all human flesh (this included the vocalization of "Brains!" as a part of zombie vocabulary), and is the source of the now-familiar cliché of brain-devouring zombies seen elsewhere, such as on The Simpsons. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dan OBannon (born Daniel Thomas OBannon on September 30, 1946 in St. ... Return of the Living Dead is a series of films that was produced between 1985-2005. ... Simpsons redirects here. ...

The mid-1980s produced few zombie films of note (the Evil Dead series, while zombie-influenced and notable on their own, are not zombie films proper). 1985's Re-Animator, loosely based on the Lovecraft story, stood out in the genre, achieving nearly unanimous critical acclaim^[30] and becoming a modest success, outstripping even 1985's Day of the Dead for box office returns^[31]. Lovecraft's prescient depiction is notable here; the zombies in the film are consistent with other zombie films of the period, and it may escape the viewer that they are nearly unchanged from the 1921 story.-1... Re-Animator (1985) is the first in a series of films based on the H.P. Lovecraft story Herbert West: Reanimator. ... For other uses, see Day of the Dead (disambiguation). ...

The 1988 Wes Craven film The Serpent and the Rainbow, based on the non-fiction book by Wade Davis, attempted to re-connect the zombie genre with the Voodoo roots that inspired it. The film poses both supernatural and scientific possibilities for "zombification" and other aspects of Voodoo. The film was relatively well-reviewed^[32][33] in addition to its modest financial success^[34] and is notable as perhaps the only Voodoo-themed zombie film of recent times. Wesley Earl Craven (born August 2, 1939 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American film director and writer best known as the creator of many horror films, including the famed Nightmare on Elm Street series featuring the redoubtable Freddy Krueger character. ... The Serpent and the Rainbow is a 1988 American horror film, directed by Wes Craven and starring Bill Pullman. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Also in 1988, the Romero zombies were featured in Waxwork, where the protagonists are drawn to the world of Night of the Living Dead. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...

After the mid-1980s, the subgenre was mostly relegated to the underground. Notable entries include director Peter Jackson's ultra-gory film Braindead (1992) (released as Dead Alive in the U.S.), Bob Balaban's comic 1993 film My Boyfriend's Back where a self-aware high school boy returns to profess his love for a girl and his love for human flesh, and Michele Soavi's Dellamorte Dellamore (1994) (released as Cemetery Man in the U.S.). Several years later, zombies experienced a renaissance in low-budget Asian cinema, with a sudden spate of dissimilar entries including Bio Zombie (1998), Wild Zero (1999), Junk (1999), Versus (2000) and Stacy (2001). For other persons named Peter Jackson, see Peter Jackson (disambiguation). ... Braindead (New Zealand 1992), released as Dead Alive in North America, is an extreme zombie horror-comedy directed by Peter Jackson. ... Bob Balaban (born August 16, 1945) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor and director, best known for his collaborations with Christopher Guest. ... My Boyfriends Back is a comedy film about a girl whose boyfriend dies, but comes back to life as a zombie because he loved her so much, and the problems this situation causes. ... Dellamorte Dellamore (released as Cemetery Man in the USA and Of Love and Death in Australia) is a 1994 Italian horror film directed by Michele Soavi. ... Bio Zombie (traditional Chinese: ) is a Hong Kong zombie-comedy film from 1998, starring Jordan Chan. ... The campy Wild Zero is a 2000 Japanese rock ‘n’ roll zombie horror classic directed by Tetsuro Takeuchi and starring the Japanese garage rock band Guitar Wolf. ... Junk is a Japanese Yakuza Zombie movie. ... Versus is a 2000 Japanese action/horror film directed by Ryuhei Kitamura. ... Stacy (also known as Stacy: Attack of the Schoolgirl Zombies) is a Japanese horror comedy, released in 2001. ...

The turn of the millennium coincided with a decade of box office successes in which the zombie sub-genre experienced a resurgence: the Resident Evil movies in 2002, 2004, and 2007; the Dawn of the Dead remake (2004), the British films 28 Days Later and 28 Weeks Later (2002, 2007) and the homage/parody Shaun of the Dead (2004). The new interest allowed Romero to create the fourth entry in his zombie series: Land of the Dead, released in the summer of 2005. Romero has recently returned to the beginning of the series with the film Diary of the Dead. Set to be released in early 2008, the film will take place on the same night as the original Night of the Living Dead. Resident Evil is a 2002 science fiction horror film extremely loosely based on the Resident Evil series of survival horror games developed by Capcom, and the first in a series of film adaptations. ... Dawn of the Dead is a 2004 horror film reimagining of George A. Romeros 1978 film of the same name. ... 28 Days Later is a 2002 British post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris and Christopher Eccleston. ... 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film, and sequel to the 2002 film 28 Days Later. ... Shaun of the Dead is a zombie-themed romantic comedy (or rom zom com as it dubs itself) or zombie comedy released in 2004. ... Land of the Dead (also known as George A. Romeros Land of the Dead) is the fourth in George A. Romeros Dead Series started by Night of the Living Dead, which continued with the sequels Dawn of the Dead and Day of the Dead. ... This article is about the George Romero film. ...

The depiction of zombies as biologically infected people has become increasingly popular, likely due to the 28 Days Later and Resident Evil series; 2006's Slither featured zombies infected with alien parasites, and 2007's Planet Terror featured a zombie outbreak caused by a biological weapon. Slither is the debut single by Velvet Revolver from their debut album Contraband. ... Planet Terror is a 2007 film written and directed by Robert Rodriguez, about a group of people attempting to survive an onslaught of zombie-like creatures as they feud with a military unit. ...

As part of this resurgence, there have been numerous direct-to-video (or DVD) zombie movies made by extremely low-budget filmmakers using digital video. These can usually be found for sale online from the distributors themselves, rented in video rental stores or released internationally in such places as Thailand. A film that is released direct-to-video (also straight-to-video) is one which has been released to the public on home video formats first rather than first being released in movie theaters. ... DVD (also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is a popular optical disc storage media format. ... Digital video is a type of video recording system that works by using a digital, rather than analog, of the video signal. ...

The modern zombie in print and literature

The Zombie Survival Guide

Though zombies have appeared in many books prior to and after Night of the Living Dead, it wouldn't be until 1990 that zombie fiction emerged as a distinct literary subgenre, with the publication of Book of the Dead in 1990 and its follow-up Still Dead: Book of the Dead 2 in 1992, both edited by horror authors John Skipp and Craig Spector. Featuring Romero-inspired stories from the likes of Stephen King and other famous names, the Book of the Dead compilations are regarded as influential in the horror genre and perhaps the first true "zombie literature". Image File history File links Zombiesurvivalguide. ... Image File history File links Zombiesurvivalguide. ... Book of the Dead is an anthology of horror stories first published in 1989, edited by John Skipp and Craig Spector. ... John Skipp is a bestselling author and screenwriter whose eleven books have sold millions of copies and are reprinted in nine languages. ... Craig Spector is a bestselling author and screenwriter whose eleven books have sold millions of copies and are reprinted in nine languages. ... For other persons named Stephen King, see Stephen King (disambiguation). ...

Recent zombie fiction of note includes Brian Keene's 2005 novel The Rising, followed by its sequel City Of The Dead, which deal with a worldwide apocalypse of intelligent zombies, caused by demonic possession. Though the story took many liberties with the zombie concept, The Rising proved itself to be a success in the subgenre, even winning the 2005 Bram Stoker award^[35]. Brian Keene Brian Keene is a two-time Bram Stoker Award winning horror author, first in 2001 for his non-fiction work Jobs In Hell and then again in 2003 for his debut novel, the post-apocalyptic zombie tale The Rising. ... Synopsis of the book Spoiler warning: The story starts off in the aftermath of a secret partical accelerator experiment. ...

Famed horror novelist Stephen King has mined the zombie theme, first with 1990's "Home Delivery", written for the aforementioned Book of the Dead compilation and detailing a small town's attempt to defend itself from a classic zombie outbreak. In 2006 King published Cell, which concerns a struggling young artist on a trek from Boston to Maine in hopes of saving his family from a possible worldwide zombie outbreak, created by "The Pulse", a global electromagnetic phenomenon that turns the world's cellular phone users into bloodthirsty, zombie-like maniacs. Cell was a number-one bestseller upon its release^[36] Aside from Cell, the most well-known current work of zombie fiction is 2006's World War Z by Max Brooks, which was an immediate hit upon its release and a New York Times bestseller^[37]. Brooks had previously authored the cult hit The Zombie Survival Guide, an exhaustively researched, zombie-themed parody of pop-fiction survival guides. For other persons named Stephen King, see Stephen King (disambiguation). ... Home Delivery is a short story by Stephen King. ... Cell is an apocalyptic horror novel published by American author Stephen King in January 2006. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... World War Z (abbreviated WWZ) is a novel by Max Brooks which chronicles the fictional titular Zombie World War. It is a follow-up to his previous book, The Zombie Survival Guide. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Zombie Survival Guide, published in 2003, is a fictional survival manual that deals with the potentiality of an undead attack. ...

David Wellington's trilogy of zombie novels began in 2004 with Monster Island, followed by two sequels, Monster Nation and Monster Planet. These were serialised in a weblog format before being published in paperback. David Wellington is a contemporary American horror author, best known for his novel Monster Island and its sequels. ... Monster Island is a Zombie novel by David Wellington, published in serial online in August, 2004 and in print in April, 2006. ...

Robert Kirkman, an admirer of Romero, has led the recent popularity of the genre in comics, first by launching his self-published comic book The Walking Dead, then by writing Marvel Zombies in 2006. Robert Kirkman is a American comic book writer. ... For other uses of Walking Dead, see Walking Dead (disambiguation). ... Marvel Zombies is a set of American comic book miniseries published by Marvel Comics beginning in 2005. ...

Carl Barks has created his own fictional character Bombie the Zombie which previewed in story Voodoo Hoodoo back in 1949. Bombie had been reanimated by African voodoo sorcerer, was given a mission to find Uncle Scrooge and to give him poisoned voodoo-puppet. In this particular story Zombie looked more sad than frightening, and completing his mission it seemed even more sad and willing to get back to Africa to find inner piece. Bombie the Zombie didn't have will of it's own and didn't act violently against the ducks, but seemed to become friends with them. Later on Don Rosa revived Bombie the Zombie in his own stories of Uncle Scrooge. This time Zombie was shown to scare Uncle Scrooge and the atmosphere was more frightening, particularly because of chancing the look of Bombie to correspond the original uncensored version created by Barks, which never made to original Voodoo Hoodoo. Don Rosa stories are filling stories, which tell the viewers how Uncle Scrooge succeeded to escape Bombie for over 70 years. Carl Barks (March 27, 1901 – August 25, 2000) was a famous Disney Studio illustrator and comic book creator, who invented Duckburg and many of its inhabitants, such as Scrooge McDuck (1947), Gladstone Gander (1948), the Beagle Boys (1951), Gyro Gearloose (1952) and Magica De Spell (1961). ... Uncle Scrooge #21 cover. ... Keno Don Hugo Rosa (often just called Don Rosa) (born June 29, 1951) is a comic book writer and illustrator best known for his stories about Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck and other Disney characters. ...

Other zombie appearances have been cataloged in dozens of novels^[38][39], comics, and webcomics. Like vampires and other famous archetypal creatures, the zombie archetype has spread so far and wide that it is impossible to provide a definitive list of resources, though certain websites keep note of zombie references in detail^[40]. Further reading Christopher Frayling - Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula 1992. ...

Typical traits of zombies

Zombies have many variations in their depictions, with a few core traits, generally inspired by Romero's films, to unite them. Though many exceptions exist (including, significantly, the non-dead, biologically-infected zombies seen in many current productions, as well as certain cases in Romero's own films), zombies tend to share some of the following characteristics:^[41]

• Mobile but technically dead, with a lack of heartbeat or other vital signs
• Often marked by an undead, decaying state, with discolored skin and eyes
• Non-communicative, groaning and howling instead of speaking
• Diminished in intelligence, with a resulting inability to reason, strategize or use tools
• Diminished in emotional response, with no empathy or mercy toward victims
• Consumed with ravenous hunger for human flesh or brains, sometimes vocalized
• Afflicted with diminished senses, but still sensing prey by motion or sound or other means
• Clumsy, violent and ungainly, either shambling slowly or running frenzied
• Vulnerable to destruction of the brain, which kills them. Removal of the head kills the body but the head remains active.
• Unresponsive to any other kinds of injuries, even normally fatal ones
• Zombie 'infection' usually portrayed as contagious, i.e. through a bite or claw mark
• Does not attack other zombies, leading to overwhelming numbers and swarms of zombies

Zombies on television

A promotional photo from the Thriller music video with the zombie backup dancers

One of the most famous zombie-themed television appearances was 1983's Thriller, a Michael Jackson music video, directed by John Landis. One of the most popular music videos of all time, it is a horror film parody featuring choreographed zombies performing with Jackson. Many pop culture media has paid tribute to this scene alone, including zombie films such as Return of the Living Dead 2, cementing Thriller's place in zombie history. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Michael Jacksons Thriller is a 14-minute music video for the song of the same name released on December 2, 1983 and directed by John Landis. ... Michael Jacksons Thriller is a 14-minute music video for the song of the same name released on December 2, 1983 and directed by John Landis. ... Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958), commonly known as MJ as well as the King of Pop, is an American musician, entertainer, and pop icon whose successful career and controversial personal life have been a part of pop culture for the last three decades. ... A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. ... John David Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American movie actor, director, writer, and producer. ... “Horror Movie” redirects here. ... In contemporary usage, a parody (or lampoon) is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject. ... Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958), commonly known as MJ as well as the King of Pop, is an American musician, entertainer, and pop icon whose successful career and controversial personal life have been a part of pop culture for the last three decades. ...

Fantasy-themed shows such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer routinely include zombies as part of their horror/fantasy settings. Zombies also show up in science fiction shows such as Star Trek (the Borg are somewhat patterned after, and referred to, as zombies) and Sliders. Zombies have appeared in so many shows that creating a definitive list is not possible. For other uses, see Buffy the Vampire Slayer (disambiguation). ... This article is about the entire Star Trek franchise. ... The Borg are a race of cyborgs in the fictional Star Trek universe, first introduced in the Star Trek: The Next Generation TV series. ... Sliders is a science fiction television series that ran for five seasons from 1995 to 2000. ...

Zombies often feature in animation on television. The Halloween episodes of The Simpsons, South Park, Invader Zim and Degrassi^[42], among many other cartoons, feature Romero-styled zombie outbreaks. In the South Park episode Night of the Living Homeless, the zombies are parodied by "invasion" of the homeless. Overseas, zombies also often appear in anime, such as Samurai Champloo, Tokyo Majin Gakuen Kenpucho, Yu-Gi-Oh! GX, and many others both within and beyond the horror genre. Simpsons redirects here. ... This article is about the TV series. ... Invader Zim is an American animated television series created by comic book writer/artist Jhonen Vasquez and aired on Nickelodeon. ... Degrassi: The Next Generation is a Canadian television series, which follows the lives of a group of high school students. ... Night of the Living Homeless is episode 1107 (#160) of Comedy Centrals South Park. ... Original run May 20, 2004 – March 19, 2005 Episodes 26 (approx. ... Tokyo Majin Gakuen Kenpuchō: Tō ) is an anime series, which premiered in Japan on the anime satellite TV network Animax. ... This article is about the Yu-Gi-Oh! GX anime. ...

In gaming

The Zombies!!! board game box

See also: List of video games featuring zombies

Outside of video games, zombies frequently appear in trading card games such as Magic: The Gathering, as well as in role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons and tabletop wargames such as Warhammer Fantasy and Warhammer 40K. The RPG All Flesh Must Be Eaten is premised upon a zombie outbreak and features rules for zombie campaigns in many historical settings. The popularity of zombies as antagonists or cannon-fodder in games makes it impossible to create a definitive list of references. Image File history File links Zombiesbox. ... Image File history File links Zombiesbox. ... Zombies!!! is a tile-based strategy board game for two to six players. ... This is a list of video games prominently featuring zombies. ... Collectible card games (CCGs), also called trading card games (TCGs), are played using specially designed sets of cards. ... Magic: The Gathering (colloq. ... This article is about the role-playing game. ... It has been suggested that Armies of warhammer be merged into this article or section. ... 3 Warhammer 40,000 Miniatures Warhammer 40,000 (informally known as Warhammer 40K or just 40K) is a tabletop miniature wargame, produced by the British gaming company Games Workshop. ... All Flesh Must Be Eaten or AFMBE (ISBN 1891153315) is a survival horror tabletop RPG produced by Eden Studios using the Unisystem game system. ...

The award-winning Zombies!!! series of boardgames by Twilight Creations features players attempting to escape from a zombie-infested city. Cheapass Games' has released five other zombie-themed games, including Give Me the Brain, The Great Brain Robbery, and Lord of the Fries, which takes place at Friedey's, a fast-food restaurant staffed by minimum wage zombies. Zombies!!! is a tile-based strategy board game for two to six players. ... Give Me the Brain is a discard-style card game designed by James Ernest and released in 1997 by Cheapass Games. ... The Great Brain Robbery (TGBR) is a card and board game designed by James Ernest and released in 2000 by Cheapass Games. ... Front cover Ingredient cards Lord of the Fries is a card game created by James Ernest and published by Cheapass Games. ... Friedeys is a fictional Fast food franchise which features in several Cheapass Games products. ...

On the internet and in animation

Aside from zombie-themed websites such as Federal Vampire and Zombie Agency and various webcomics, the Internet is also a haven for online video and animation dealing with zombies. Joe Zombie, Xombie, Zombie College (of Mondo Mini Shows), and Dead End Days are just some of the current entries in the genre. The Federal Vampire and Zombie Agency, or FVZA, is a satirical alternate history web site that purports to be a tribute to the U.S. government agency once responsible for controlling the nations vampire and zombie populations. ... Joe Zombie Joe Zombie is an Internet Flash cartoon series created and animated by Rob DenBleyker, co-creator of the Cyanide and Happiness[1] webcomic. ... Screenshot from Xombie: The Animated Series Xombie is a series of Flash cartoons produced by James Farr[1] that Wetsand Animation is producing a feature-length animated film based upon. ... Mondo Mini Shows is a company that created Adobe Flash animations like Happy Tree Friends. ... Introduction Dead End Days was one of the first independant webserials (serialized live action video series developed for broadcast exclusively on the Internet), and the grandfather of modern Video Blogs. Released weekly at DeadEndDays. ...

In music

See also: List of zombie-themed songs and bands

Zombies and horror have become so popular that many songs and bands have been based off of these flesh-eating ghouls. Zombie references crop up in every genre from pop to death metal and some subgenres such as horror punk mine the zombie aesthetic extensively. To date, the most famous musician to do so is Rob Zombie who incorporates zombie aesthetics and references into virtually all of his music. This is a list of zombie-themed bands and songs All You Zombies (song), originally by The Hooters in 1985, covered by Sandra Cretu in 2007 Astro Zombies (song), a song by U.S. punk band The Misfits Braineaters (song), a song by U.S. punk band The Misfits Zombie... This article is about the musical genre. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Robert Cummings (born January 12, 1965 in Haverhill, Massachusetts), better known as Rob Zombie, is an American musician, film director, and writer. ...

References

The Deluge tablet of the Gilgamesh epic in Akkadian The Epic of Gilgamesh is from Babylonia, dating from long after the time that king Gilgamesh was supposed to have ruled. ... A building of Nancy-Université Nancy-Université federates the three universities of Nancy, in Lorraine : University Nancy I Henri Poincaré (UHP) : natural sciences, wrapping several faculty and engineering schools École Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de lIngénieur de Nancy : general engineering École Supérieure dInformatique et... (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ...

See also

• Apocalypticism
• Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
• Doomsday film
• Horror fiction
• Horror film
• Popular culture
• Revenant
• Undead
• Vampire fiction
• Zombie walk

Apocalypticism is a worldview based on the idea that important matters are esoteric in nature (hidden) and they will soon be revealed in a major confrontation of earth-shaking magnitude that will change the course of history. ... Apocalyptic fiction is a sub-genre of science fiction (or, in some cases, the more general category speculative fiction) that is concerned with the end of civilization through nuclear war, plague, or some other general disaster. ... Poster for the 1964 doomsday black comedy, . A doomsday film is a motion picture which tells the story of an actual or fictitious doomsday event and/or its aftermath. ... “Horror story” redirects here. ... “Horror Movie” redirects here. ... Popular culture, sometimes abbreviated to pop culture, consists of widespread cultural elements in any given society. ... The term revenant can refer to: A ghost or a zombie Medieval revenants were believed to be corpses who returned to life A computer game under the same title Revenant Records, a label set up by John Fahey One of the monsters featured in the computer game series Doom A... Undead is a collective name for mythological beings that are deceased yet behave as if alive. ... For information on movies about vampires, see Vampire films. ... A participant in a zombie walk in Calgary. ...

External links

• Dead Folks Walking: A History of Zombies in Hollywood
• UGO Presents "When Zombies Attack!": A History of Zombies
• Columbia College (Chicago)'s university course on zombies