Bust of Zumbi dos Palmares in Brasília.

Zumbi also known as Zumbi dos Palmares (1655 - November 20, 1695, pronounced: 'zoombee') was the last of the leaders of the Quilombo dos Palmares, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. A quilombo was a refuge of runaway slaves. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 493 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (1772 × 2153 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 493 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (1772 × 2153 pixel, file size: 2. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a settlement of runaway and free-born African slaves, founded around 1600 in the Serra da Barriga hills of northeastern Brazil. ... Flag of Alagoas See other Brazilian States Capital Maceió Largest City Maceió Area 27 818 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2 822 621 101. ... A quilombo (from a Kimbundu word) is a hinterland settlement originally created by runaway slaves in Brazil and sometimes included a minority of marginalised Portuguese, indigenous Native Americans and other non-black, non-slave Brazilians. ...

Quilombo dos Palmares was a self-sustaining republic of Maroons escaped from the Portuguese settlements in Brazil, "a region perhaps the size of Portugal in the hinterland of Bahia" (Braudel 1984 p 390). At its height, Palmares had a population of over 30,000. Body of Djuka Maroon child brought before a medicine man, Suriname 1955 A Maroon (from the word marronage or American/Spanish cimarrón: wild, savage, fugitive, runaway, lit. ...

Forced to defend against repeated attacks by Portuguese colonial power, the warriors of Palmares were expert in capoeira, a martial arts form developed in Brazil by African slaves in the 1500s. Capoeira (IPA: ) is a Brazilian martial art created by enslaved Africans during the 16th Century. ...

An African known only as Zumbi was born free in Palmares in 1655, but was captured by the Portuguese and given to a missionary, Father Antonio Melo when he was approximately 6 years old. Baptized Francisco, Zumbi was taught the sacraments, learned Portuguese and Latin, and helped with daily mass. Despite attempts to "civilize" him, Zumbi escaped in 1670 and, at the age of 15, returned to his birthplace. Zumbi became known for his physical prowess and cunning in battle and was a respected military strategist by the time he was in his early twenties. A Medieval Low Mass by a bishop. ...

Capoeira or the Dance of War by Johann Moritz Rugendas, 1835

By 1678, the governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco, Pedro Almeida, weary of the longstanding conflict with Palmares, approached its leader Ganga Zumba with an olive branch. Almeida offered freedom for all runaway slaves if Palmares would submit to Portuguese authority, a proposal which Ganga Zumba favored. But Zumbi was distrustful of the Portuguese. Further, he refused to accept freedom for the people of Palmares while other Africans remained enslaved. He rejected Almeida's overture and challenged Ganga Zumba's leadership. Vowing to continue the resistance to Portuguese oppression, Zumbi became the new leader of Palmares. Capoeira or the Dance of War by Johann Moritz Rugendas. ... Capoeira or the Dance of War by Johann Moritz Rugendas. ... Flag of Pernambuco See other Brazilian States Capital Recife Largest City Recife Area 98,281 km² Population   - Total   - Density 7,918,344 80. ... Ganga Zumba was the first of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. ... Aricia was, according to Greek mythology, niece of Aegeus. ...

Fifteen years after Zumbi assumed leadership of Palmares, Portuguese military commanders Domingos Jorge Velho and Vieira de Mello mounted an artillery assault on the quilombo. February 6, 1694, after 67 years of ceaseless conflict with the cafuzos, or Maroons, of Palmares, the Portuguese succeeded in destroying Cerca do Macaco, the republic's central settlement. Palmares' warriors were no match for the Portuguese artillery; the republic fell, and Zumbi was wounded. Though he survived and managed to elude the Portuguese, he was betrayed, captured almost two years later and beheaded on the spot November 20, 1695. The Portuguese transported Zumbi's head to Recife, where it was displayed in the central praça as proof that, contrary to popular legend among African slaves, Zumbi was not immortal. It was also done as a warning of what would happen to others if they tried to be as brave as him. Remnants of the old quilombos continued to reside in the region for another hundred years. February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... Cafuzo is a term of Portuguese origin describing the first generation offspring of a Black African and an Amerindian (see Zambo). ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... Nickname: Veneza Brasileira (Brazilian Venice) and Mauricéia (after the Dutch colonization) Motto: Ut luceat omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location in Brazil Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823  - Mayor João Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area... In the United States and elsewhere, a town square is an area in the middle of a traditional town consisting of a park or plaza and surrounded by small shops. ...

Today, November 20 is celebrated, chiefly in Rio de Janeiro, as a day of national pride. The day has special meaning for Afro-Brazilians, who honor Zumbi as a hero, freedom fighter and a symbol of freedom. November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro  - Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area    - City 1,260 km²  (486. ...

Tributes

• Mentioned in various Soulfly lyrics.
• Mentioned in the Sepultura song "Ratamahatta."
• His name is given to a fighter in the Macromedia Flash game: Capoeira Fighter 2.
• Quilombo, 1985, film by Carlos Diegues about Palmares, ASIN B0009WIE8E
• Gilberto Gil released a CD called "Z300 Anos de Zumbi"
• The band name Chico Science & Nação Zumbi (later just Nação Zumbi after the death of frontman Chico Science)
• Subject of a Jorge Ben song

Soulfly is a Nu Metal band started by Max Cavalera in 1997 after his decision to leave Sepultura. ... Sepultura is a Brazilian thrash metal band. ... // == Macromedia Flash == ==]] Using Macromedia Flash 8 (bundled in Studio 8) in Windows XP. Maintainer: Adobe Systems (formerly Macromedia) Latest release: 8 / September 30th, 2005 OS: Windows (no native Windows XP Professional x64 Edition support), Mac OS X, Linux (i386 only, via wine [1]) Use: Multimedia Content Creator License: Proprietary Website... A quilombo (from a Kimbundu word) is a hinterland settlement originally created by runaway slaves in Brazil and sometimes included a minority of marginalised Portuguese, indigenous Native Americans and other non-black, non-slave Brazilians. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Carlos Diegues, also known as Cacá Diegues, (born 19 May 1940 in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil) is a Brazilian film director. ... Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a settlement of runaway and free-born African slaves, founded around 1600 in the Serra da Barriga hills of northeastern Brazil. ... The minister sets the rhythm for Brazils culture policy Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira (born June 26, 1942) is a Brazilian singer, guitarist and songwriter, and the countrys current Minister of Culture. ... Chico Science & Nação Zumbi (CSNZ) was the former name of the Brazillian world music band leaded by Chico Science prior to his death, in February 1997. ... Nação Zumbi Band formed by the musicians of the group Chico Science & Nação Zumbi after the death of the band leader Chico Science. ... Chico Science (Francisco de Assis França) was a Brazilian singer and composer. ... Jorge Ben Jor is a Brazilian popular musician, born in Rio de Janeiro on March 22, 1942 (some sources say 1940). ...

See also

• Atlantic slave trade
• Cafuzo
• Capoeira
• Garifuna
• Palmares (quilombo)
• Quilombo
• Slavery
• Triangular trade
• Zambo

The Atlantic slave trade, started by the Portuguese,[1] was the sale and exploitation of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic ocean from the 15th century to the 19th century. ... Cafuzo is a term of Portuguese origin describing the first generation offspring of a Black African and an Amerindian (see Zambo). ... Capoeira (IPA: ) is a Brazilian martial art created by enslaved Africans during the 16th Century. ... Garífuna is a spanish term for the people and language of the Garínagu. ... Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a settlement of runaway and free-born African slaves, founded around 1600 in the Serra da Barriga hills of northeastern Brazil. ... A quilombo (from a Kimbundu word) is a hinterland settlement originally created by runaway slaves in Brazil and sometimes included a minority of marginalised Portuguese, indigenous Native Americans and other non-black, non-slave Brazilians. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A representation of Zambos in Pintura de Castas during the Latin American colonial period. ...

External links

• The Slave King
• 300 Years of Zumbi
• Taiguara perfoming the song composed in Zumbi's honnor

Reference

• Braudel, Fernand, The Perspective of the World, vol. III of Civilization and Capitalism 1984 (in French 1979).
• Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006.