Zvezda (Russian: Звезда, meaning "star"), DOS-8, also known as the Zvezda Service Module, is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). It was the third module launched to the station, and provides some of the station's life support systems, as well as living quarters for two crewmembers. It is the structural and functional center of the Russian portion of the station - the Russian Orbital Segment. ISS Zvezda (service) module (NASA) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ISS is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to: The International Space Station is a joint international project to build and maintain an orbiting space station. ... Zarya module as seen from STS-88 (NASA) Zarya (meaning sunrise), also known as the Functional Cargo Block or the FGB (the Russian Acronym), was the first module launched of the International Space Station. ... ISS Progress cargo spacecraft The Progress is a Russian expendable freighter spacecraft. ... International Space Station Insignia File links The following pages link to this file: International Space Station Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/November Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/November 2 Talk:November 2 Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/All Categories: NASA images ... Call sign can refer to different types of call signs: Airline call sign Aviator call sign Cosmonaut call sign Radio and television call signs Tactical call sign, also known as a tactical designator See also: International Callsign Allocations, Maritime Mobile Service Identity This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... Rockets (including missiles) can be launched from the following: for a launch into an orbital spaceflight and beyond: a launch pad, including a floating platform (see San Marco platform, Sea Launch) for the launch into a suborbital flight also: a missile silo a mobile launcher vehicle a submarine air launch... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The launch pad refers to the facilities where rockets or spacecrafts liftoff. ... Map showing the location of Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ÄŸarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest operational space launch facility. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The international prototype, made of platinum-iridium, which is kept at the BIPM under conditions specified by the 1st CGPM in 1889. ... The pound (abbreviations: lb or, sometimes in the United States, #) is a unit of mass (called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Diurnal (daily) rhythm of air pressure in northern Germany (black curve is air pressure) Atmospheric pressure is the pressure at any point in the Earths atmosphere. ... The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure or stress (also: Youngs modulus and tensile strength). ... Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that force in a given area. ... Perigee is the point at which an object in orbit around the Earth makes its closest approach to the Earth. ... km redirects here. ... A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of length. ... A diagram of Keplerian orbital elements. ... Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ... This article describes the unit of angle. ... Kilometres per hour (American spelling: kilometers per hour) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector). ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... Metre per second (U.S. spelling: meter per second) is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. ... The orbital period is the time it takes a planet (or another object) to make one full orbit. ... A minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60th of an hour and to 60 seconds. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Zvezda (Russian: - star) may refer to: Zvezda (film) Zvezda (magazine) Zvezda (newspaper) Zvezda, Bulgaria Zvezda (ISS), a component of the International Space Station Zviazda, a newspaper in Belarus NPP Zvezda, Russian aeronautical and space manufacturer FC Zvezda-BGU, a Belarusian soccer team Zvezda Stadium, Perm, Russia Crvena Zvezda, a Serbian... The Salyut (Russian: Салют, Salute or Firework) program was a series of space stations launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. ... “ISS” redirects here. ... In human spaceflight, the life support system is a group of devices that allow a human being to survive in outer space. ...

The module was manufactured by S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia and is currently the only fully Russian-built and funded module besides Pirs. (Zarya was built by Russia, but was funded and is owned by the United States). Zvezda was launched on a Proton rocket on July 12, 2000 and docked with the Zarya module on July 26. The rocket used for the launch was one of the first to carry advertising; it was emblazoned with the logo of the fast food chain Pizza Hut, for which the company paid US$1 million. S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energiya (Russian: ), also known as RKK Energiya, is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components. ... SO1 Pirs Docking compartment There were two planned Russian element Docking Compartments (DCs) during the assembly sequence to provide egress/ingress capability for Russian-based EVAs and additional docking ports on the International Space Station. ... Zarya module as seen from STS-88 (NASA) Zarya (meaning sunrise), also known as the Functional Cargo Block or the FGB (the Russian Acronym), was the first module launched of the International Space Station. ... The Proton (Прото́н) rocket (formal designation: UR-500, also known as D-1/ D-1e or SL-12/SL-13) is a Russian unmanned space vehicle design, first launched in 1965. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A NASA astronaut jokingly advertises a recovered defective satellite for sale during a space walk Space advertising can include product placement in missions with resulting television exposure. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ... Pizza Hut is a restaurant chain and international franchise based in Addison, Texas, USA (a northern suburb of Dallas) specializing in American-style pizza along with side dishes including (depending on location) buffalo wings, breadsticks, and garlic bread. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Origins

Main article: Mir-2

Zvezda Service Module under construction

The basic structural frame of Zvezda, known as "DOS-8", was initially built in the mid-1980s to be the core of the Mir-2 space station. This means that Zvezda is similar in layout to the core module (DOS-7) of the Mir space station. It was in fact labeled as "Mir-2" for quite some time in the factory. Its design lineage thus extends back to the original Salyut stations. The spaceframe was completed in February 1985 and major internal equipment was installed by October 1986. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3000x2028, 4407 KB) Zvezda Service Module under construction (NASA) original description: The Zvezda Service Module, the first Russian contribution and third element to the International Space Station (ISS), is shown under construction in the Krunichev State Research and Production Facility (KhSC... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3000x2028, 4407 KB) Zvezda Service Module under construction (NASA) original description: The Zvezda Service Module, the first Russian contribution and third element to the International Space Station (ISS), is shown under construction in the Krunichev State Research and Production Facility (KhSC... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Mir (Russian: ; lit. ... The Salyut (Russian: Салют, Salute or Firework) program was a series of space stations launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. ...

Design

Zvezda consists of a cylindrical "Work Compartment" where the crews work and live, a cylindrical "Transfer Chamber" which has one docking port, an unpressurised "Assembly Compartment" surrounding the Transfer Chamber, and a spherical "Transfer Compartment" with three docking ports.

The Transfer Compartment attaches to the Zarya module, and has docking ports intended for the Science Power Platform and the Universal Docking Module. Currently the lower port contains the Russian Docking Compartment and the other is empty. It could be used as an airlock; however, if the hatch failed, it would be impossible to travel to the rest of the station, so this capability has never been used. Zarya module as seen from STS-88 (NASA) Zarya (meaning sunrise), also known as the Functional Cargo Block or the FGB (the Russian Acronym), was the first module launched of the International Space Station. ... ISS Science Power Platform (NASA) The Science Power Platform (SPP) is a Russian element of the International Space Station (ISS) brought up by the Space Shuttle to provide additional power for the ISS as well as roll axis control capability for the orbital facility. ... The Russian-built Universal Docking Module (UDM) is a hub for an additional four modules of the Russian built portion of the International Space Station. ... SO1 Pirs Docking compartment / airlock (NASA) There were two planned Russian element Docking Compartments (DCs) during the assembly sequence to provide egress/ingress capability for Russian-based EVAs and additional docking ports on the International Space Station. ...

The Assembly Compartment holds external equipment such as thrusters, antennas, and propellant tanks.

The Transfer Chamber is equipped with automatic docking equipment and is used to service Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. Soyuz (Russian: Союз, pronounced sah-YOUS, meaning union) is a series of spacecraft designed by Sergey Korolyov for the Soviet Unions space program. ... ISS Progress cargo spacecraft The Progress is a Russian expendable freighter spacecraft. ...

Zvezda contains sleeping quarters for two cosmonauts, a NASA-provided treadmill and a bicycle for exercise, toilet and other hygiene facilities and a galley with a refrigerator and freezer. It contains the primary Russian computers for guidance and navigation. It has a total of 14 windows -- three 9-inch diameter windows in the forward Transfer Compartment, a 16-inch window in the Working Compartment, one in each crew compartment, and several more. It also contains the Elektron system that electrolyzes condensed humidity and waste water to provide hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is expelled into space and the oxygen is used for breathing air. The condensed water and the waste water can be used for drinking in an emergency, but ordinarily fresh water from Earth is used. There are 16 small thrusters and two large thrusters for propulsion, and eight batteries for storing power. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nations public space program. ... Elektron is a Russian oxygen generator used on board the International Space Station (ISS). ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

The Elektron system has required significant maintenance work, having failed several times and requiring the crew to use Solid Fuel Oxygen Generator canisters (commonly called "Oxygen Candles", which were the cause of a fire on Mir) when it has been broken for extended amounts of time. It also contains the Vozdukh system to remove carbon dioxide from the air. Zvezda has been criticized for being excessively noisy and the crew has been observed wearing earplugs inside of it. A chemical oxygen generator is a device that releases oxygen created by a chemical reaction. ... The Vozdukh is a Russian carbon dioxide removal system used on board the International Space Station (ISS). ... In order to meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article requires cleanup. ...

Connection to the ISS

The International Space Station as seen during STS-106, following the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module.

On July 26, 2000, Zvezda became the third component of the ISS when it docked at the aft port of Zarya. (Zarya had already been attached to the U.S. Unity module.) Later in July, the computers aboard Zarya handed over ISS commanding functions to computers on Zvezda.^[4] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 488 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1569 × 1926 pixel, file size: 428 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 488 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1569 × 1926 pixel, file size: 428 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... “ISS” redirects here. ... This is a mission of the United States Space Shuttle. ... ISS Unity module (NASA) The first U.S.-built component of the International Space Station , a cylinder shaped connecting module with six passageways, or nodes, named Unity, was the primary cargo of Space Shuttle mission STS-88, launched in December 1998 as the first mission dedicated to assembly of the...

On Sept. 11, 2000, two members of the STS-106 Space Shuttle crew completed final connections between Zvezda and Zarya: during a 6 hour, 14 minute extravehicular activity (EVA),astronaut Ed Lu and cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko connected nine cables between Zvezda and Zarya, including four power cables, four video and data cables and a fiber-optic telemetry cable.^[5] The next day, STS-106 crewmembers floated into Zvezda for the first time, at 12:20 a.m. CDT on Sept. 12.^[6] This is a mission of the United States Space Shuttle. ... For the current mission, see STS-118 NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ... Astronaut Bruce McCandless on an untethered EVA Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth and outside of his or her spacecraft. ...

Zvezda provided early living quarters, a life support system, a communication system, electrical power distribution, a data processing system, a flight control system, and a propulsion system. These quarters and systems are to be supplemented by future ISS components.

The two main engines on Zvezda can be used to raise the station's altitude. This was done on 25 April 2007. This was the first time the engines had been fired since Zvezda arrived in 2000.^[7] is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Launch risks

Due to Russian financial problems, Zvezda was launched with no backup and no insurance. Due to this risk, NASA had constructed an Interim Control Module in case it was delayed significantly or destroyed on launch. However, without the Service Module, it would be several more flights before the ISS would be able to support a permanent crew. ISS Interim Control Module (U.S. Navy) The Interim Control Module (ICM) was a NASA constructed module to serve as a temporary tug for the International Space Station in case the ISS Zvezda service module was destroyed or not launched for an extended period of time. ...

References

v • d • e Salyut Program
Salyut stations (DOS)	Salyut 1 (DOS-1) - DOS-2 - Cosmos 557 (DOS-3) - Salyut 4 (DOS-4) - Salyut 6 (DOS-5) - Salyut 7 (DOS-6)
Almaz stations (OPS)	Salyut 2 (OPS-1) - Salyut 3 (OPS-2) - Salyut 5 (OPS-3) - OPS-4 (not flown)
Program evolutions	Mir (DOS-7) - Zvezda (DOS-8)
TKS spacecraft	Cosmos 1267 (TKS-1) - Cosmos 1443 (TKS-2) - Cosmos 1686 (TKS-3)