?Bangalore Bengalūru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) Karnataka • India
Vidhana Soudha
Bengalūru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)
Coordinates: 12°58′00″N 77°34′00″E / 12.966667, 77.566667
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	741 km² (286 sq mi)[1] • 920 m (3,018 ft)
Region	Bayaluseeme
District(s)	Bangalore Urban
Population • Density	6,200,000 (3rd) (2007) • 8,367 /km² (21,670 /sq mi)
Commissioner	Dr.S. Subramanya
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • UN/LOCODE • Vehicle	• 560 xxx • +91-(0)80 • IN BLR • KA 01, KA 02, KA 03, KA 04, KA 05, KA 41, KA 50, KA 51, KA 53

Coordinates: 12°58′00″N 77°34′00″E / 12.966667, 77.566667 This article is about the Indian region. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bangalore (anglicised from Bengalooru) is the capital of Karnataka, located in South India. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links India_Karnataka_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... What follows is a list of unofficial, or quasi-official regions of India. ... Bayaluseeme is the area lying to the east of Malnad, a region of Karnataka state in South India, or east of the western ghats. ... The divisions of a district. ... Bangalore Urban is a district of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... The following is a list of the most populous cities in India. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Example of a PIN: The PIN code of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service. ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... UN/LOCODE is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, a unit of the United Nations. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Bangalore, officially Bengaluru (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು, ['beŋgəɭuːru] (help· info), Indian English: [ˈbæŋgəloːɾ] (help·info)), is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city^[2] and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. The term Bangalore has multiple meanings. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Image File history File links Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation. ... Indian English comprises several dialects or varieties of English spoken primarily in India, and/or by first generation Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. ... India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... This article is about the Indian region. ... Deccan redirects here. ... The following is a list of the most populous cities in India. ... This article lists the top fifty metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2007. ...

It is home to numerous public sectors such as heavy industries, software companies, aerospace, telecommunications, machine tools, heavy equipment, and defence establishments. Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India owing to its pre-eminent position as the leading contributor to India's IT industry.^[3] Bangalore has developed into one of India's major economic hubs and was mentioned by CNN as one of the "best places to do business in the wired world".^[4] Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning compared to light industry. ... Hai I have created a website ( http://indiahotjobs. ... Look up aerospace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... The defense industry refers primarily to: Defense contractors: business organizations or individuals that provide products or services to a defense department of a government. ... The Silicon Valley of India is a nickname of the Indian city of Bangalore. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...

Though historically attested at least since 900 CE, Kempe Gowda I, is widely regarded as the founder of modern Bangalore, he built a mud fort and established it as a province of the Vijayanagara Empire. During the British Raj, it became a centre for colonial rule in South India. The establishment of the Bangalore Cantonment brought in large numbers of migrants from other parts of the country. Since independence in 1947, Bangalore grew to become the capital of Karnataka state. Today, as a large and growing metropolitan in the developing world, Bangalore is home to some of the most well-recognized colleges and research institutions in India, and has the second-highest literacy rate in the nation. Kempe Gowda I was a chieftain of the Vijayanagar kingdom and is credited with having established the Indian city of Bangalore in 1537. ... The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ... Anthem God Save The King-Emperor The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (1858 - 1912) New Delhi (1912 - 1947) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1858-1901 Victoria¹  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy... The British India flag. ... The term Indian independence movement is diffused, incorporating various national and regional campaigns, agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant philosophy and involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending the British Colonial Authority as well as other colonial... This article is about the Indian region. ... For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ...

Etymology

The name Bangalore is an anglicised version of the city's name in the Kannada language, Bengalūru. The earliest reference to the name "Bengaluru" was found in a 9th century Western Ganga Dynasty stone inscription on a "vīra kallu" (ವೀರ ಗಲ್ಲು) (literally, "hero stone", a rock edict extolling the virtues of a warrior). In this inscription found in Begur, "Bengaluru" is referred to as a place in which a battle was fought in 890. It states that the place was part of the Ganga kingdom until 1004 and was known as "Bengaval-uru", the "City of Guards" in Old Kannada.^[5] An article, published in The Hindu, states:^[6] Anglicisation is a process of making something English. ... “Kannada” redirects here. ... The Gangas of Talakad, like the Kadambas of Banavasi, rose to political eminence in the middle of the fourth century A.D., and ruled over the southern parts of Karnataka, in southern India. ... Hero stone is a term for a memorial commemorating the death of a hero in India. ... Begur There may be several places with this name across the globe, please choose the relevant one below. ... For followers of Hinduism, see Hindu. ...

An inscription, dating back to 890 CE, shows Bengaluru is over 1,000 years old. But it stands neglected at the Parvathi Nageshwara Temple in Begur near the city...written in Hale Kannada (Old Kannada) of the 9th century CE, the epigraph refers to a Bengaluru war in 890 in which Buttanachetty, a servant of Nagatta, died. Though this has been recorded by historian R. Narasimhachar in his Epigraphia of Carnatica (Vol. 10 supplementary), no efforts have been made to preserve it.

An apocryphal, though popular, anecdote recounts that the 11th-century Hoysala king Veera Ballala II, while on a hunting expedition, lost his way in the forest. Tired and hungry, he came across a poor old woman who served him boiled beans. The grateful king named the place "benda kaal-ooru" (Kannada: ಬೆಂದಕಾಳೂರು) (literally, "town of boiled beans"), which was eventually colloquialised to "Bengalūru".^[7][8] The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... Profile, Amritheshwara temple (1196 C.E.) in Amrithapura, Chikmagalur District Veera Ballala II (1173 - 1220) was the greatest monarch of the Hoysala dynasty. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ...

On December 11, 2005, the Government of Karnataka announced that it had accepted a proposal by Jnanpith Award winner U. R. Ananthamurthy to rename Bangalore to Bengaluru, which is its name in Kannada.^[9] On September 27, 2006, the Bruhath Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) passed a resolution to implement the proposed name change,^[10] which was accepted by the Government of Karnataka and it was decided to officially implement the name change from November 1, 2006.^[11] However, this process has been currently stalled due to delays in getting clearances from the Union Home Ministry.^[12] is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governer as the constitutional head. ... The Jnanpith Award (ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार) is the highest literary honour conferred in the Republic of India. ... Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy (Kannada: ಯು. ಆರ್. ಅನಂತಮೂರ್ತಿ; born december 21, 1932), is a leading contemporary writer, critic and philosopher in Kannada language. ... The Indian renaming controversy is a result of a movement to change the names of Indian cities from the names used during the British imperial period, back to regional or Indian names. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Home Minister, or more properly the Minister for Home Affairs, is a position in the Indian Cabinet, at both State and Union levels. ...

History

Lady Curzon hospital in the Bangalore Cantonment was established in 1864 and later named after the first wife of the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon.

Main article: History of Bangalore

After centuries of the rule of the Western Gangas, Bengaluru was captured by the Cholas in 1024 which later passed on to the Chalukya-cholas in 1070. In 1116 the Hoysala Empire, overthrew the Cholas and extended its rule over Bangalore. Modern Bangalore was founded by a vassal of the Vijayanagara Empire, Kempe Gowda I, who built a mud fort and a Nandi Temple in the proximity of modern Bangalore in 1537. Kempe Gowda referred to the new town as his "gandu bhoomi" or "Land of Heroes".^[8] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Curzon line was a boundary line proposed in 1919 by the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, as a border between Poland, to the west, and Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine, to the east. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (January 11, 1859 - March 20, 1925), was a conservative British statesman and sometime Viceroy of India. ... Bangalore (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) (pronounced // in Kannada and // in English) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Chola redirects here. ... Extent of Hoysala Empire, 1200 CE Capital Belur, Halebidu Language(s) Kannada Religion Hindu Government Monarchy King  - 1026 – 1047 Nripa Kama II  - 1292 – 1343 Veera Ballala III History  - Earliest Hoysala records 950  - Established 1026  - Disestablished 1343 The Hoysala Empire (Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) (pronunciation: in Kannada) was a prominent South Indian empire that... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Temple interior with Nandi idol. ...

Within the fort, the town was divided into smaller divisions called "pētēs" (IPA: [peɪteɪ]). The town had two main streets: Chickkapētē Street, which ran east-west, and Doddapētē Street, which ran north-south. Their intersection formed the Doddapētē Square — the heart of Bangalore. Kempe Gowda's successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four famous towers that marked Bangalore's boundary.^[13] During the Vijayanagara rule, Bangalore was also referred to as "Devarāyanagara" and "Kalyānapura" ("Auspicious City"). After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Bangalore's rule changed hands several times. In 1638, a large Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and accompanied by Shahji Bhonsle defeated Kempe Gowda III and Bangalore was given to Shahji as a jagir. In 1687, the Mughal general Kasim Khan defeated Ekoji, son of Shahji, and then sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704) of Mysore for 300,000 rupees.^[14][15] After the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1759, Hyder Ali, Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed himself the de facto ruler of Mysore. The kingdom later passed to Hyder Ali's son Tippu Sultan, known as the Tiger of Mysore. Bangalore was eventually incorporated into the British Indian Empire after Tippu Sultan was defeated and killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799). The British returned administrative control of the Bangalore "pētē" to the Maharaja of Mysore, choosing only to retain the Cantonment under their jurisdiction. The 'Residency' of Mysore State was first established at Mysore in 1799 and later shifted to Bangalore in the year 1804. It was abolished in the year 1843 only to be revived in 1881 at Bangalore and to be closed down permanently in 1947, with Indian independence. The British, found it easier to recruit employees in the Madras Presidency and relocate them to cantonment area during this period. The Kingdom of Mysore relocated its capital from Mysore city to Bangalore in 1831.^[16] Two important developments during this period contributed to the rapid growth of the city: the introduction of telegraph connections and a rail connection to Madras in 1864. Chickpete Street and Dodpete Street were two of the main streets at the time of the founding of the Indian city of Bangalore in 1537. ... Bijapur (Kannada: ವಿಜಾಪುರ) is a district headquarters of the Bijapur district in the state of Karnataka. ... Shahaji Bhosale was the eldest son of Maloji Bhonsale of Verul in present day Maharashtra. ... A Jagir is a small territory granted by a ruler to an army chieftain (called a sardar in Marathi language) in recognition of his military service. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Sultan Fateh Ali Tipu, also known as the Tiger of Mysore (November 20, 1750, Devanahalli – May 4, 1799, Srirangapattana), was the first son of Haidar Ali by his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-nissa. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company under Lord Wellesley. ... Major-General H.H. Farzand-i-Dilband Rasikh- al-Iqtidad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Raja-i-Rajagan, Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh, Bahadur, Maharaja of Kapurthala, GCSI , GCIE , GBE The word Mahārāja (also spelled maharajah) is Sanskrit for great king or high king (a karmadharaya from mahānt great... A cantonment is a temporary or semi-permanent military quarters, typically in South India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. ... Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. ... , For other uses, see Mysore (disambiguation). ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ...

Bangalore Palace, built in 1887, was home to the rulers of Mysore

In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a twin city, with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly Kannadigas, and the "cantonment" created by the British, whose residents were predominantly Tamils. ^[17] Bangalore was hit by a plague epidemic in 1898 that dramatically reduced its population. New extensions in Malleshwara and Basavanagudi were developed in the north and south of the pētē. Telephone lines were laid to help co-ordinate anti-plague operations, and a health officer was appointed to the city in 1898. In 1906, Bangalore became the first city in India to have electricity, powered by the hydroelectric plant situated in Shivanasamudra. Bangalore's reputation as the Garden City of India began in 1927 with the Silver Jubilee celebrations of the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. Several projects such as the construction of parks, public buildings and hospitals were instituted to beautify the city. After Indian independence in August 1947, Bangalore remained in the new Mysore State of which the Maharaja of Mysore was the Rajapramukh. Public sector employment and education provided opportunities for Kannadigas from the rest of the state to migrate to the city. Bangalore experienced rapid growth in the decades 1941–51 and 1971–81 , which saw the arrival of many immigrants from northern Karnataka. By 1961, Bangalore had become the sixth largest city in India, with a population of 1,207,000.^[13] In the decades that followed, Bangalore's manufacturing base continued to expand with the establishment of private companies such as Motor Industries Company (MICO; a subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH), which set up its manufacturing plant in the city. Bangalore experienced a boom in its real estate market in the 1980s and 1990s, spurred by capital investors from other parts of the country who converted Bangalore's large plots and colonial bungalows to multi-storied apartments.^[18] In 1985, Texas Instruments became the first multinational to set up base in Bangalore. Other Information Technology companies followed suit and by the end of the 20th century, Bangalore had firmly established itself as the Silicon Valley of India. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... The Bangalore Palace Bangalore Palace is a palace located in the city of Bangalore, India and is built to look like a smaller replica of the Windsor Castle in England. ... Flag of former princely state of Mysore. ... The term Twin city or twin town may be applied to one of the following notions. ... Kannadiga is the term for a native speaker of Kannada. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ... Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. ... Malleswaram (Malleshwaram/Malleshwara), located in the north-west of Bangalore, derives its name from the famous Kadu Malleshwara temple. ... Basavanagudi is a residential and commercial locality in the Indian city of Bangalore. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Shivanasamudra (or Shivasamudram) is a small town in the Mandya District in southern Karnataka, India near Mysore. ... A Silver Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 25th anniversary. ... Who was this philosopher-king, who was seen by Paul Brunton as living the ideal described in Plato’s Republic, who had been compared to the Emperor Ashoka by the English statesman Lord Samuel, and who was termed Rajarishi by Mahatma Gandhi? H.H. Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, known... The Kingdom of Mysore was one of the three largest princely states within the erstwhile British Empire of India. ... Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from Indias independence in 1947 until 1956. ... Mico may refer to: a Bulgarian tsar - see Mitso Asen a type of monkeys, a subgenus of the marmoset genus Callithrix - see Mico (subgenus) a Canadian melodic rock band - see Mico (band) a city in Texas - see Mico, Texas a private limited company in India, subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH... Logo of Robert Bosch GmbH Robert Bosch GmbH [1] is a German corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart, Germany. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... [Image:Bungalows. ... Texas Instruments (NYSE: TXN), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA, renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor and computer technology. ... multinational corporation (or transnational corporation) (MNC/TNC) is a corporation or enterprise that manages production establishments or delivers services in at least two countries. ... For the Nintendo 64 game, see Space Station Silicon Valley. ...

Geography and climate

The Hesaraghatta Lake in Bangalore

Main article: Bangalore Metropolitan Environment

Bangalore lies in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Precambrian Deccan Plateau) at an average elevation of 920 m (3,018 feet). It is positioned at 12.97° N 77.56° E and covers an area of 741 km² (286 mi²).^[1] The majority of the city of Bangalore lies in the Bangalore Urban district of Karnataka and the surrounding rural areas are a part of the Bangalore Rural district. The Government of Karnataka has carved out the new district of Ramanagaram from the old Bangalore Rural district. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (899 × 597 pixel, file size: 172 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken by Flickr User: happyhorizons Uploaded to wiki by user:nikkul http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (899 × 597 pixel, file size: 172 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken by Flickr User: happyhorizons Uploaded to wiki by user:nikkul http://www. ... Bangalore, is situated in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. ... The geographical south of India includes all Indian territory below the 20th parallel. ... The Precambrian (Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the supereon comprising the eons of the geologic timescale that came before the current Phanerozoic eon. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... “Miles” redirects here. ... Bangalore Urban is a district of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Bangalore Rural District is one of the 27 districts in Karnataka. ... The Anna-Thama rock formation on the left, Handi-Gundi on the right Ramanagara is a town and a city municipal council in Bangalore Rural district in the Indian state of Karnataka. ...

The topology of Bangalore is flat except for a central ridge running NNE-SSW. The highest point is Doddabettahalli, which is 962 m (3,156 ft) and lies on this ridge.^[19] No major rivers run through the city, though the Arkavathi and South Pennar cross paths at the Nandi Hills, 60 km (37 mi.) to the north. River Vrishabhavathi, a minor tributary of the Arkavathi, arises within the city at Basavanagudi and flows through the city. The rivers Arkavathi and Vrishabhavathi together carry much of Bangalore's sewage. A sewerage system, constructed in 1922, covers 215 km² (133 mi²) of the city and connects with five sewage treatment centers located in the periphery of Bangalore.^[20] This article is about the use of the term in geography and physical geology. ... ESE also stands for Extensible Storage Engine. ... ESE also stands for Extensible Storage Engine. ... Doddabettahalli is the highest point in Bangalore, India (962 m). ... Arkavathy River or Arkavathi River, is a river originating at Nandi Hills of Kolar District and is an offshoot of the Cauvery River. ... The South Pennar river, also known as Dakshina Pinakini in Kannada is a distributary of the Kaveri and flows through the districts of Bangalore Rural and Bangalore Urban in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... River Vrishabhavathi is a minor river that flows north of the Indian city of Bangalore. ... Sewage is the mainly liquid waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water, faeces, urine, laundry waste and other material which goes down drains and toilets from households and industry. ... The word sewerage means the provision of pipes etc to collect and dispose of sewage. ... Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. ...

In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda I constructed many lakes to meet the town's water requirements. The Kempambudhi Kere, since overrun by modern development, was prominent among those lakes. In the earlier half of 20th century, the Nandi Hills waterworks was commissioned by Sir Mirza Ismail (Diwan of Mysore, 1926–41 CE) to provide a water supply to the city. Currently, the river Kaveri provides around 80% of the total water supply to the city with the remaining 20% being obtained from the Thippagondanahalli and Hesaraghatta reservoirs of the Arkavathi river.^[21] Bangalore receives 800 million litres (211 million US gallons) of water a day, more than any other Indian city.^[22] However, Bangalore sometimes does face water shortages, especially during the summer season in the years of low rainfall. A random sampling study of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of twenty stations within the city indicated scores that ranged from 76 to 314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of traffic concentration.^[23] Bangalore has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks, the largest of which are Madivala tank, Hebbal lake, Ulsoor lake and Sankey Tank. Groundwater occurs in silty to sandy layers of the alluvial sediments. The Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes granites, gneisses and migmatites, while the soils of Bangalore consist of red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils.^[23] Vegetation in the city is primarily in the form of large deciduous canopy and minority coconut trees. Though Bangalore has been classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced quakes of magnitude as high as 4.5.^[24] Sewage is domestic, municipal, or industrial liquid waste products. ... Sir Mirza Muhammad Ismail (1883-1959) was a diwan of the Kingdom of Mysore. ... At various points in Indian history, the title of diwan has designated differing, though similar functions. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The liter (spelled liter in American English and litre in Commonwealth English) is a unit of volume. ... The gallon is a unit of volume used for measuring liquids (as well as dry matter). ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... An air quality measurement station in Edinburgh, Scotland The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized indicator of the air quality in a given location. ... Chemical, Elevated, Hydropneumatic and Ground Storage Water Tanks shown together in one installation. ... Hebbal is an area of Bangalore, India which in many ways indicates the northern most point of the city. ... Sankey Tank is a lake situated in the middle of Malleshwaram, Aranya Bhavan, Vyalikaval and Sadashiva Nagar in Bangalore, India. ... For other uses, see Silt (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ... Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ... For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ... Gneiss Gneiss (pronounced ) is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ... Ptygmatic folding in migmatite Migmatite on the coast of Saaremaa. ... Cutting of laterite brickstones, Angadipuram, India Laterite is a surface formation in tropical areas which is enriched in iron and aluminium and develops by intensive and long lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. ... Loam field Loam is soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). ... For other uses, see Clay (disambiguation). ... Aerial view of mixed aspen-spruce forest in Alaska Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover life forms, structure, spatial extent or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. ... For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ... Look up Canopy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation). ...

Due to its high elevation, Bangalore usually enjoys salubrious climate throughout the year, although freak heat waves can make things very uncomfortable in the summer.^[25] The coolest month is January with an average low temperature of 15.1 °C and the hottest month is April with an average high temperature of 33.6 °C.^[26] The highest temperature ever recorded in Bangalore is 38.9 °C and the lowest ever is 7.8 °C (on January 1884).^[27][28] Winter temperatures rarely drop below 12 °C (54 °F), and summer temperatures seldom exceed 36–37 °C (100 °F). Bangalore receives rainfall from both the northeast and the southwest monsoons and the wettest months are September, October and August, in that order.^[26] The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms, which occasionally cause power outages and local flooding. The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is 179 millimetres (7.0 in) recorded on 1 October 1997.^[29] For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Monsoon (disambiguation). ... A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Civic Administration

See also: Infrastructure in Bangalore

The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP, Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation) is in charge of the civic administration of the city.^[30] It was formed in 2007 by merging 100 wards of the erstwhile Bangalore Mahanagara Palike, with the neighbouring 7 City Municipal Councils (CMC), one Town Municipal Council and 110 villages around Bangalore.^[30] Bangalore (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) (pronounced // in Kannada and // in English) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) (Kannada: ಬೃಹತ್ ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ) (Translation: Greater Bangalore Municipal Body), is the new administrative body responsible for the civic and infrastructural assets of the city of Bangalore, India. ... A Municipal Corporation is a legal defintion for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, and towns. ...

Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike is run by a city council. The city council comprises elected representatives, called "corporators", one from each of the wards (localities) of the city. Elections to the council are held once every 5 years, with results being decided by popular vote. A mayor and commissioner of the council are also elected through a quota system from a Scheduled Castes and Tribes candidate or to an Other Backward Class female candidate. Members contesting elections to the council represent one of more of the state's political parties. However, elections to the newly-created body are yet to be held, due to delays in delimitation of wards and finalising voter lists. There are expected to be about 150 wards, up from the 100 wards of the old Bangalore Mahanagara Palike. Elections are tentatively scheduled to be held in early 2008. This article is about the political process. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ... In India, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are communities that are accorded special status by the Constitution of India. ... The Other Backward Classes (or OBCs) in India are a group of castes officially recognized as having been traditionally subject to exclusion. ...

The Karnataka High Court is the supreme judicial body in Karnataka and is located in Bangalore.

Bangalore's rapid growth has created several problems relating to traffic congestion and infrastructural obsolescence that the Bangalore Mahanagara Palike has found challenging to address. A 2003 Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) evaluation of Bangalore's physical, biological and socioeconomic parameters indicated that Bangalore's water quality and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were close to ideal, while the city's socioeconomic parameters (traffic, quality of life) scored poorly.^[31] The BMP has been criticised by the Karnataka High Court, citizens and corporations for failing to effectively address the crumbling road and traffic infrastructure of Bangalore.^[32] The unplanned nature of growth in the city resulted in massive traffic gridlocks that the municipality attempted to ease by constructing a flyover system and by imposing one-way traffic systems. Bangalore High Court. ... Bangalore High Court. ... Karnataka High Court The Karnataka High Court is the High Court of the state of Karnataka. ... A coral reef near the Hawaiian islands is an example of a complex marine ecosystem. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people. ... Gridlock is a term describing an inability to move on a transport network. ... Overpass in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C. Flyover in Miami Beach, Florida An overpass (In UK, India, Hong Kong flyover) is a bridge, road or similar structure that crosses over another road. ...

Some of the flyovers and one-ways mitigated the traffic situation moderately but were unable to adequately address the disproportionate growth of city traffic.^[31] In 2005 both the Central Government and the State Government allocated considerable portions of their annual budgets to address Bangalore's infrastructure.^[33] The Bangalore Mahanagara Palike works with the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) and the Bangalore Agenda Task Force (BATF) to design and implement civic projects. Bangalore generates about 3,000 tonnes of solid waste per day, of which about 1,139 tonnes are collected and sent to composting units such as the Karnataka Composting Development Corporation. The remaining solid waste collected by the municipality is dumped in open spaces or on roadsides outside the city.^[34] Judiciary Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India High Courts District Courts Elections Political Parties Local & State Govt. ... The Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) of Bangalore, India, oversees the development of infrastructure, provision of devlopment-related sites and services and the housing needs of underpriviliged citizens. ... The Bangalore Agenda Task Force is meant to be a partnership between the citizens, corporates and the administrative agencies – the BMP, BDA, BMTC, BWSSB, BESCOM, BSNL, and Police. ... For other uses, see Waste (disambiguation). ... A handful of compost A double-width bin with compost at different stages of decomposition First step of compost Compost (pronounced or US ) also known as brown manure, is the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic matter. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ...

The Bangalore City Police (BCP) has six geographic zones, includes the Traffic Police, the City Armed Reserve, the Central Crime Branch and the City Crime Record Bureau and runs 86 police stations, including two all-women police stations.^[35] As capital of the state of Karnataka, Bangalore houses important state government facilities such as the Karnataka High Court, the Vidhana Soudha (the home of the Karnataka state legislature) and Raj Bhavan (the residence of the Governor of Karnataka). Bangalore contributes two members to India's lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha, and 24 members to the Karnataka State Assembly.^[36] In 2007, the Delimitation Commission of India reorganised the constituencies based on the 2001 census, and thus the number of Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies in Bangalore has been increased to 28 and 3 respectively.^[37] These changes will take effect from the next elections. Electricity in Bangalore is regulated through the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL). Like many cities in India, Bangalore experiences scheduled power cuts, especially over the summer, to allow electricity providers to meet the consumption demands of households as well as corporations. Bangalore City Police (or BCP) is the premier enforcer of law and order in the city of Bangalore, India. ... Bangalore (anglicised from Bengalooru) is the capital of Karnataka, located in South India. ... Raj Bhavan is the name of the official residence of the Governor of Karnataka as in other states of India. ... A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. ... This article is about the legislative institution. ... The Lok Sabhha (alternatively titled, the House of the People, by the Constitution of India) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. ... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... Electricity (from New Latin Ä“lectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ... A power outage is the loss of the electricity supply to an area. ...

Economy

The Public Utilities Building is located on MG Road, a major commerical center in Bangalore.

Main article: Economy of Bangalore

Bangalore's Rs. 260,260 crore (USD 60.5 billion) economy (2002–03 Net District Income) makes it a major economic centre in India.^[38] With an economic growth of 10.3%, Bangalore is the fastest growing major metropolis in India ^[39]. Additionally, Bangalore is India's fourth largest fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. ^[40] The city is the third largest hub for high net worth individuals and is home to over 10,000 dollar millionaires and about 60,000 super-rich people who have an investable surplus of Rs. 4.5 crore (US$ 1.15 million) and Rs. 50 lakh (US$ 127,360) respectively.^[41] As of 2001, Bangalore's share of Rs. 1660 crore (US$ 3.7 billion) in Foreign Direct Investment was the fourth highest for an Indian city.^[42] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bangalore evolved into a manufacturing hub for heavy industries such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Hindustan Machine Tools and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) after India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947. ... “INR” redirects here. ... A crore is a unit in the Indian numbering system, still widely used in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... One thousand million (1,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. ... CPG redirects here. ... A millionaire is a person who has a net worth or wealth of more than one million United States dollars, euros, UK pounds or units of a comparably valued currency. ... “INR” redirects here. ... USD redirects here. ... “INR” redirects here. ... USD redirects here. ... This article is about economics. ...

In the 1940, industrial visionaries such as Sir Mirza Ismail and Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya played an important role in the development of Bangalore's strong manufacturing and industrial base. Sir Mirza Muhammad Ismail (1883-1959) was a diwan of the Kingdom of Mysore. ... Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya (also spelled Visweswaraiah) (September 15, 1861–April 12, 1962), popularly known as MV, was an eminent Indian engineer. ...

The headquarters of Infosys, India's second largest IT company, is located in Bangalore

The headquarters of several public sector undertakings such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Bharat Electronics Limited, Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML) and Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT) are located in Bangalore. In June 1972 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established under the Department of Space and headquartered in the city. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 317 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Uploaded to Wiki by user:nikkul Taken by: Flickr user: Proxygeek http://www. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 317 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Uploaded to Wiki by user:nikkul Taken by: Flickr user: Proxygeek http://www. ... Infosys Software Development Center in Pune. ... A Public Sector Undertaking is a corporation in the public sector in India, where management control of the company rests with the Government, it can be Central Government or the State Governments. ... Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is a major aerospace company under the Ministry of Defence headquartered in Bangalore, India. ... NAL campus at Bangalore National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) is an Indian R&D establishment dealing with civil aeronautics and allied disciplines. ... Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML) is an Indian Public Sector Undertaking, with headquarters in Bangalore. ... HMT can mean Her Ma