Inferior nasal concha: Ethmoidal process - Maxillary process The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. ... When the two maxillæ are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. ... In the opening of the incisive foramen, the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. ... In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. ... Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ... The body of the maxilla (corpus maxillae) is somewhat pyramidal in shape, and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). ... The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. ... The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ... Near the center of the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. ... The malar surface of the zygomatic bone is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus. ... The palatine bone is a bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... The horizontal part of the palatine bone (horizontal plate) is quadrilateral, and has two surfaces and four borders. ... Its medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of palatine bone is sharp and pointed, and, when united with that of the opposite bone, forms a projecting process, the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the Musculus uvulæ. See also anterior nasal spine This article was... The vertical part (perpendicular plate) of the palatine bone is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and four borders. ... The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ... The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid. ... The pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates. ... The orbital process of the palatine bone is placed on a higher level than the sphenoidal, and is directed upward and lateralward from the front of the vertical part, to which it is connected by a constricted neck. ... The sphenoidal process is a thin, compressed plate, much smaller than the orbital, and directed upward and medialward. ... The mandible (from Latin mandibŭla, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ... The body of the mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders. ... The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the Symphysis menti or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. ... The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. ... The mental foramen is a foramen in the mandible. ... The mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible (jaw bone) in the midline. ... Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis of the Mandible is the mylohyoid line, which gives origin to the Mylohyoideus; the posterior part of this line, near the alveolar margin, gives attachment to a small part of the Constrictor pharyngis superior, and to... (ramus mandibulæ; perpendicular portion) The ramus of the mandible is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. ... The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulæ, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and... The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. ... The Mandibular Foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. ... At the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus... The coronoid processis a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. ... The upper border of the ramus of mandible is thin, and is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep concavity, the mandibular notch. ... The condyloid process is thicker than the coronoid, and consists of two portions: the condyle, and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. ... The Nasal Bones (Ossa Faciei & Ossa Nasalia) are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. ... The inferior nasal concha (Concha Nasalis Inferior; Inferior Turbinated Bone) extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. ... Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part... For the embryological structure, see Maxillary prominence. ...

Vomer: Wing The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. ...

Facial: Palatomaxillary suture The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. ... The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or ali-sphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards. ... At th anterior and medial part of the Sphenoid is a circular aperture, the foramen rotundum, for the transmission of the maxillary nerve. ... At the base of the skull the foramen ovale is a hole that transmits the mandibular nerve, the otic ganglion, the accessory meningeal artery, emissary veins (from the cavernous sinus to the pterygoid plexus) and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve. ... In the base of the skull, in the great wings of the sphenoid bone, medial to the foramen ovale, a small aperture, the sphenoidal emissary foramen, may occasionally be seen (it is often absent) opposite the root of the pterygoid process. ... The foramen spinosum is the foramen in the skull that permits the passage of the middle meningeal artery. ... The great wings, or ali-sphenoids, are two strong processes of bone, which arise from the sides of the body, and are curved upward, lateralward, and backward; the posterior part of each projects as a triangular process which fits into the angle between the squama and the petrous portion of... The lateral surface of the great wing is convex, and divided by a transverse ridge, the infratemporal crest, into two portions. ... The lesser wings of the sphenoid or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points [Fig. ... 1 Foramen ethmoidale, 2 Canalis opticus, 3 Fissura orbitalis superior, 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 5 Sulcus infraorbitalis, 6 Fissura orbitalis inferior, 7 Foramen infraorbitale The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of... In the sphenoid bone, the posterior border, smooth and rounded, is received into the lateral fissure of the brain; the medial end of this border forms the anterior clinoid process, which gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli; it is sometimes joined to the middle clinoid process by a spicule of... optical canal information ... The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... In the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, above the pterygoid fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the Tensor veli palatini. ... The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted; its lateral surface forms part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa, and gives attachment to the Pterygoideus externus; its medial surface forms part of the pterygoid fossa, and gives attachment... The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid is narrower and longer than the lateral pterygoid plate; it curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides. ... The pterygoid canal (also vidian canal) is a passage in the skull leading from just anterior to the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa. ... The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides. ... The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum. ... The sphenoidal conchae (sphenoidal turbinated processes) are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid. ... Your skull is in your back (this is obviously not true, I was just testing the website to see if it really works) The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale) is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. ... The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) [Fig. ... The crista galli (Latin: crest of the cock) is a median ridge of bone that projects from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. ... Bones and cartilages of septum of nose. ... In the ethmoid bone, a curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. ... The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. ... The superior meatus, the smallest of the three meatuses of the nose, occupies the middle third of the lateral wall. ... The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. ... The middle meatus is situated between the middle and inferior conchæ, and extends from the anterior to the posterior end of the latter. ... The Labyrinth or Lateral Mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal cells, arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral plate forms part of the orbit, the medial, part of the... ethmoidal sinuses can be divided into 3: a) anterior b) middle c) posterior except the posterior ethmoidal sinus, all the ethmoidal sinuses will drain into middle meateus. ... Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals). ... Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals). ... An MRI scan of the head. ... Side view of the skull. ... In human anatomy, a fontanelle (or fontanel) is one of two soft spots on a newborn humans skull. ... Side view of the skull. ... The frontoethmoidal suture is the suture between the ethmoid bone and the frontal bone. ... The frontal suture (sutura frontalis) is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. ... The coronal suture (sutura coronalis) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. ... The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. ... The lambdoid suture (sutura lambdoidea) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the parietal and temporal bones of the skull from the occipital bone. ... The sagittal suture (sutura sagittalis) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. ... The Sphenoethmoidal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone. ... The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. ... The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. ... The Sphenosquamosal suture is a cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the squama of the temporal bone. ... The Sphenopetrosal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ... The squamosal suture arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal. ... The Petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. ...

Facial: Nasion The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. ... The Zygomaticotemporal suture (or Temporozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone. ... The Zygomaticofrontal suture (or Frontozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the frontal bone. ... In human anatomy, a fontanelle (or fontanel) is one of two soft spots on a newborn humans skull. ... The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm. ... The posterior fontanelle (or occipital fontanelle) is triangular in form and is situated at the junction of the sagittal suture and lambdoidal suture. ... The following is a list of holes, or foramina, in the base of the skull and what goes through each of them. ... The lateral wall and the floor of the orbit are separated posteriorly by the inferior orbital fissure which transmits the maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, the infraorbital vessels, and the ascending branches from the sphenopalatine ganglion. ... The foramen lacerum (Latin for lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of the skull located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate. ... The jugular foramen, a large aperture in the base of the skull. ... The canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. ... The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and... The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow in the middle, and wide at the sides of the skull. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The cranial cavity, or intracranial space, is the space formed inside the skull. ... For other uses, see Asterion (disambiguation) In human anatomy, the asterion is a visible, so-called craniometric, point on the exposed skull, just behind the ear, where three cranial sutures meet: the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid, and occipito-mastoid sutures. ... The point corresponding with the posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture is named the pterion; it is situated about 3 cm. ... The calvaria (or calva, or skullcap) is the roof of the skull. ... The point where the upper temporal line cuts the coronal suture is named the stephanion. ... The parietal bones are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. ... The nasion (nay-zhun) is the intersection of the frontal and two nasal bones of the human skull. ...

body: radial sulcus - deltoid tuberosity Of the three borders of the scapula, the superior border (or superior margin) is the shortest and thinnest; it is concave, and extends from the medial angle to the base of the coracoid process. ... The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. ... The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. ... The superior angle of the scapula (or medial angle), formed by the junction of the superior and vertebral borders, is thin, smooth, rounded, inclined somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the Levator scapulae. ... The inferior angle of the scapula, thick and rough, is formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi. ... The lateral angle of the scapula (head of the scapula, acromial angle) is the thickest part of the bone. ... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ... The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles. ... The anatomical neck of the humerus is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body. ... The surgical neck of the humerus is a constriction below the tubercles of the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle. ... The greater tubercle is situated lateral to the head and lesser tubercle. ... The lesser tubercle, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medialward and forward. ... The tubercles of the humerus are separated from each other by a deep groove, the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove, sulcus intertubercular), which lodges the long tendon of the Biceps brachii and transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint. ... The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces. ... The center of the lateral border of the humerus is traversed by a broad but shallow oblique depression, the radial sulcus (musculospiral groove, radial groove, spiral groove). ... The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the the deltoid muscle attaches. ...

metacarpus: 1st metacarpal - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th The lower extremity of the humerus is flattened from before backward, and curved slightly forward; it ends below in a broad, articular surface, which is divided into two parts by a slight ridge. ... The lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus; it articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. ... The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. ... The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles. ... The medial epicondyle of the humerus, larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, is directed a little backward. ... The lower part of the lateral border of the body of the humerus forms a prominent, rough margin, a little curved from behind forward, the lateral supracondylar ridge (or line), which presents an anterior lip for the origin of the Brachioradialis above, and Extensor carpi radialis longus below, a posterior... The inferior third of the medial border of the humerus is raised into a slight ridge, the medial supracondylar ridge (or medial supracondylar line), which becomes very prominent below; it presents an anterior lip for the origins of the Brachialis and Pronator teres, a posterior lip for the medial head... Above the front part of the capitulum is a slight depression, the radial fossa, which receives the anterior border of the head of the radius, when the forearm is flexed. ... Above the front part of the trochlea is a small depression, the coronoid fossa, which receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the forearm. ... Above the back part of the trochlea of the humerus is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm. ... // The Human Forearm The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. ... The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the outside of your limb to your phlangx (lateral) of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. ... The upper extremity of the radius (or proximal extremity) presents a head, neck, and tuberosity. ... Beneath the neck of the radius, on the medial side, is an eminence, the radial tuberosity; its surface is divided into: a posterior, rough portion, for the insertion of the tendon of the biceps brachii. ... The body of the radius (or shaft of radius) is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. ... The lower extremity of the radius is large, of quadrilateral form, and provided with two articular surfaces - one below, for the carpus, and another at the medial side, for the ulna. ... The articular surface for the ulna is called the ulnar notch (sigmoid cavity) of the radius; it is narrow, concave, smooth, and articulates with the head of the ulna. ... The lateral surface of the radius is prolonged obliquely downward into a strong, conical projection, the styloid process, which gives attachment by its base to the tendon of the Brachioradialis, and by its apex to the radial collateral ligament of the wrist-joint. ... The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ... The upper extremity of the ulna (or proximal extremity) presents two curved processes, the olecranon and the coronoid process; and two concave, articular cavities, the semilunar and radial notches. ... At the junction of the antero-inferior surface of the coronoid process with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna (or ulnar tuberosity), which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is... ... The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. ... The radial notch of the ulna (lesser sigmoid cavity) is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius. ... The body of the ulna at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. ... The lower extremity of the ulna (or distal extremity) is small, and presents two eminences; the lateral and larger is a rounded, articular eminence, termed the head of the ulna; the medial, narrower and more projecting, is a non-articular eminence, the styloid process. ... The styloid process of the ulna projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist-joint. ... For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ... This article is about Carpal bones. ... The scaphoid bone (hand navicular) of the wrist is found on the thumb side of the hand, within the anatomical snuffbox. ... The lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. ... The triquetral bone (also called triquetral, os triquetrum, cuneiform bone, pyramidal bone, cubital bone, os pyramidale, os triangulare, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is a type of carpal bone. ... The left pisiform bone. ... The trapezium is a bone in the human hand. ... In human anatomy, the trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone; os multangulum minus) is a bone in the hands. ... The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. ... The hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be readily distinguished by its wedge-shaped form, and the hook-like process which projects from its volar surface. ... The volar surface of the hamate bone presents, at its lower and ulnar side, a curved, hook-like process, the hamulus, directed forward and lateralward. ... The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. ... The first metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the thumb) which connects to the thumb is shorter and stouter than the others, diverges to a greater degree from the carpus, and its volar surface is directed toward the palm. ... The second metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the index finger) is the longest, and its base the largest, after the first metacarpal. ... The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second. ... The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third. ... The fifth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the little finger) presents on its base one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the hamate, and one on its radial side, which articulates with the fourth metacarpal. ...

Obturator foramen - Greater sciatic foramen/Greater sciatic notch - Lesser sciatic foramen The Phalanges of the hand are fourteen in number, three for each finger, and two for the thumb. ... Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ... Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ... Distal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrate skeletons. ... The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ... The sternum (from Greek στέρνον, sternon, chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ... The suprasternal notch (fossa jugularis sternalis), also known as the jugular notch, is part of human anatomy. ... Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ... The sternal angle is the angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. ... The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end. ... The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum, where the following two parts of the sternum meet: body of the sternum xiphoid process It is in line with the T9 vertebrae. ... The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. ... The human rib cage is a part of the human skeleton within the thoracic area. ... The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. ... The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. ... The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. ... The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. ... The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. ... Excluding the first seven ribs, the remaining five are false ribs. ... the four floating ribs Four of the ribs (two pairs) in the ribcage are said to be floating ribs because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. ... The external surface of the rib is convex, smooth, and marked, a little in front of the tubercle, by a prominent line, directed downward and laterally; this gives attachment to a tendon of the Iliocostalis, and is called the angle. ... On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminence—the tubercle It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. ... Between the ridge of the interal surface of the rib and the inferior border is a groove, the costal groove, for the intercostal vessels and intercostal nerve. ... The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2. ... The head of the rib is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. ... The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. ... The vertebral arch (or neural arch) is the posterior part of a vertebra. ... The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. ... The laminæ are two broad plates directed backward and medialward from the pedicles. ... The concavities above and below the pedicles are named the vertebral notches; and when the vertebrae are articulated, the notches of each contiguous pair of bones form the intervertebral foramina. ... In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. ... When the spinal vertebrae are articulated with each other the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk, and the vertebral foraminae constitute a canal for the protection of the medulla spinalis (spinal cord). ... The transverse processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. ... The articular processes of a vertebra, two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. The superior project upward, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward; the inferior project downward, and their surfaces look more or less forward. ... A zygapophysis is process which sticks out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull. ... In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the topmost (first) cervical vertebra of the spine. ... The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet... In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. ... The lateral masses are the most bulky and solid parts of the atlas, in order to support the weight of the head. ... In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis or epistropheus. ... The dens or odontoid process or odontoid peg of the axis exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the body. ... The most distinctive characteristic of the seventh cervical vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process, hence the name vertebra prominens. ... The anterior arch forms about one-fifth of the ring: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles. ... The posterior arch of a cervical vertebra forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. ... The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are each pierced by the foramen transversarium, which, in the upper six vertebræ, gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... The superior costal facet (or superior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the top of a vertebra. ... The inferior costal facet (or inferior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the bottom of a vertebra. ... The transverse costal facet (or transverse costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the transverse process of a vertebra. ... The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ... Of the tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the inferior is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process, and is called the accessory process. ... Of the three tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the superior one is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process, and is named the mammillary process. ... The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ... For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ... The pelvic surface of sacrum is concave from above downward, and slightly so from side to side. ... At the ends of the transverse ridges of the pelvic surface of the sacrum are seen the anterior sacral foramina (or pelvic sacral foramina), four in number on either side, somewhat rounded in form, diminishing in size from above downward, and directed lateralward and forward; they give exit to the... The dorsal surface of sacrum is convex and narrower than the pelvic. ... Lateral to the articular processes of the sacrum are the four posterior sacral foramina (or dorsal sacral foramina); they are smaller in size and less regular in form than the anterior, and transmit the posterior divisions of the sacral nerves. ... In the middle line of the dorsal surface of the sacrum, it displays a crest, the median sacral crest, surmounted by three or four tubercles, the rudimentary spinous processes of the upper three or four sacral vertebrae. ... On the lateral aspect of the sacral groove is a linear series of tubercles produced by the fusion of the articular processes which together form the indistinct medial sacral crest (intermediate sacral crest, sacral articular crest). ... On the lateral side of the posterior sacral foramina is a series of tubercles, which represent the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae, and form the lateral sacral crest. ... The lateral surface of sacrum is broad above, but narrowed into a thin edge below. ... On the lateral surface of sacrum there is a rough surface, the sacral tuberosity, on which are three deep and uneven impressions, for the attachment of the posterior sacroiliac ligament. ... The base of the sacrum, which is broad and expanded, is directed upward and forward. ... The laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra, and sometimes those of the fourth, fail to meet behind, and thus a sacral hiatus or deficiency occurs in the posterior wall of the sacral canal. ... In human anatomy, the presacral space is behind the rectum and in front of the coccyx. ... The Sacral promontory is the anatomical term for the anteriormost portion of the sacrum. ... The vertebral canal (sacral canal) runs throughout the greater part of the sacral bone; above, it is triangular in form; below, its posterior wall is incomplete, from the non-development of the laminæ and spinous processes. ... On either side of the body of the base of the sacrum is a large triangular surface, which supports the Psoas major and the lumbosacral trunk, and in the articulated pelvis is continuous with the iliac fossa. ... The sacrum is curved upon itself and placed very obliquely, its base projecting forward and forming the prominent sacrovertebral angle when articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. ... In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ... The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ... The femur head which is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. ... The femur neck is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the head with the body, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. ... Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ... The medial surface of the Upper extremity of femur, of much less extent than the lateral, presents at its base a deep depression, the trochanteric fossa (digital fossa), for the insertion of the tendon of the Obturator externus, and above and in front of this an impression for the insertion... The Lesser Trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects; it projects from the lower and back part of the base of the neck. ... Running obliquely downward and medialward from the tubercle of the femur is the intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur); it winds around the medial side of the body of the bone, below the lesser trochanter, and ends about 5 cm. ... Running obliquely downward and medialward from the summit of the greater trochanter on the posterior surface of the neck is a prominent ridge, the intertrochanteric crest. ... The body of the femur (or shaft), almost cylindrical in form, is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. ... The linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermusclular septa. ... The linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermusclular septa. ... The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed. ... On the posterior surface of the femur, the intermediate ridge or pectineal line is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the pectineus muscle. ... The lower extremity of the femur (or distal extremity), larger than the upper extremity of femur, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior; it consists of two oblong eminences known as the condyles. ... The medial lip of the linea aspera ends below at the summit of the medial condyle, in a small tubercle, the adductor tubercle, which affords insertion to the tendon of the Adductor magnus. ... The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. ... The medial epicondyle of the femur is a large convex eminence to which the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint is attached. ... The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. ... The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. ... The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior, and posterior surfaces of the condyles. ... This article is about the vertebrate bone. ... The upper extremity of the tibia (or proximal extremity) is large, and expanded into two eminences, the medial condyle and lateral condyle. ... Posteriorly, the medial condyle and lateral condyle are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the posterior intercondyloid fossa (or intercondylar area), which gives attachment to part of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint. ... The anterior intercondyloid fossa (or intercondylar area) is the location where the anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia. ... The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. ... The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. ... The body of the tibia has three borders and three surfaces. ... Narrow below where the anterior surfaces of the condyles of the tibia end in a large oblong elevation, the tuberosity of the tibia, which gives attachment to the ligamentum patellae. ... The posterior surface of the tibia presents, at its upper part, a prominent ridge, the soleal line (popliteal line in older texts), which extends obliquely downward from the back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the medial border, at the junction of its upper and middle thirds. ... The lower extremity of the tibia, much smaller than the upper extremity of tibia, presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong process, the medial malleolus. ... We dont have an article called Medial malleolus Start this article Search for Medial malleolus in. ... For other uses see fibula (disambiguation) The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. ... The upper extremity or head of the fibula is of an irregular quadrate form, presenting above a flattened articular surface, directed upward, forward, and medialward, for articulation with a corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the tibia. ... The body of fibula presents four borders - the antero-lateral, the antero-medial, the postero-lateral, and the postero-medial; and four surfaces - anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral. ... The lower extremity (distal extremity; external malleolus) of the fibula is of a pyramidal form, and somewhat flattened from side to side; it descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus. ... FIG. 268– Bones of the right foot. ... The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot. ... At the upper and forepart of the medial surface of the calcaneus is a horizontal eminence, the sustentaculum tali, which gives attachment to a slip of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior. ... The two oblique grooves of the lateral surface of the calcaneus are separated by an elevated ridge, or tubercle, the trochlear process (peroneal tubercle, or fibular trochlea of calcaneus), which varies much in size in different bones. ... See talus for other meanings of the word The talus bone or astragalus of the ankle joint connects the leg to the foot. ... The navicular bone occurs in human and horse anatomy. ... The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... The metatarsus consists of the five long bones of the foot, which are numbered from the medial side (ossa metatarsalia I.-V.); each presents for examination a body and two extremities. ... The first metatarsal bone is remarkable for its great thickness, and is the shortest of the metatarsal bones. ... The second metatarsal bone is the longest of the metatarsal bones, being prolonged backward into the recess formed by the three cuneiform bones. ... The third metatarsal bone articulates proximally, by means of a triangular smooth surface, with the third cuneiform; medially, by two facets, with the second metatarsal; and laterally, by a single facet, with the fourth metatarsal. ... The fourth metatarsal bone is smaller in size than the third; its base presents an oblique quadrilateral surface for articulation with the cuboid; a smooth facet on the medial side, divided by a ridge into an anterior portion for articulation with the third metatarsal, and a posterior portion for articulation... The fifth metatarsal bone is recognized by a rough eminence, the tuberosity, on the lateral side of its base. ... For other uses, see Patella (disambiguation). ... The phalanges of the foot correspond, in number and general arrangement, with those of the hand; there are two in the great toe, and three in each of the other toes. ... The pelvis (pl. ... The Pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis and which primarily contains reproductive organs. ... For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ... The coccyx is formed of up to five vertebrae. ... The hip bone (or innominate bone) is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. ... The ilium of the pelvis is divisible into two parts, the body and the ala; the separation is indicated on the internal surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum. ... For other arcuate lines, see arcuate line. ... The wing of ilium (or ala) is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. ... The posterior gluteal line (superior curved line), the shortest of the three gluteal lines, begins at the crest, about 5 cm. ... The anterior gluteal line (middle curved line), the longest of the three gluteal lines, begins at the crest, about 4 cm. ... The inferior gluteal line (inferior curved line), the least distinct of the three gluteal lines, begins in front at the notch on the anterior border, and, curving backward and downward, ends near the middle of the greater sciatic notch. ... The internal surface of the ala is bounded above by the crest, below, by the arcuate line; in front and behind, by the anterior and posterior borders. ... The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is an important landmark of surface anatomy. ... Below the Sartorius notch of the anterior border of the ala of the ilium is the anterior inferior iliac spine, which ends in the upper lip of the acetabulum; it gives attachment to the straight tendon of the Rectus femoris and to the iliofemoral ligament of the hip-joint. ... The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. ... The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. ... Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ... Behind the iliac fossa is a rough surface, divided into two portions, an anterior and a posterior. ... Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ... The body of the ischium enters into and constitutes a little more than two-fifths of the acetabulum. ... From the posterior border of the body of the Ischium there extends backward a thin and pointed triangular eminence, the ischial spine, more or less elongated in different subjects. ... Below the ischial spine is a smaller notch, the lesser sciatic notch; it is smooth, coated in the recent state with cartilage, the surface of which presents two or three ridges corresponding to the subdivisions of the tendon of the Obturator internus, which winds over it. ... The superior ramus of the ischium (descending ramus) projects downward and backward from the body and presents for examination three surfaces: external, internal, and posterior. ... Posteriorly the Superior ramus of the ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, which is divided into two portions: a lower, rough, somewhat triangular part, and an upper, smooth, quadrilateral portion. ... The Inferior Ramus of the ischium (ascending ramus) is the thin, flattened part of the ischium, which ascends from the superior ramus, and joins the inferior ramus of the pubis—the junction being indicated in the adult by a raised line. ... The pubis, the anterior part of the hip bone, is divisible into a body, a superior and an inferior ramus. ... The superior pubic ramus extends from the body to the median plane where it articulates with its fellow of the opposite side. ... The upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis presents a prominent tubercle, the pubic tubercle (pubic spine), which projects forward. ... Medial to the pubic tubercle is the pubic crest, which extends from this process to the medial end of the bone. ... The lateral portion of superior ramus of the ischium presents a sharp margin, the obturator crest, which forms part of the circumference of the obturator foramen and affords attachment to the obturator membrane. ... The inferior pubic ramus is thin and flattened. ... The pecten pubis or pectinate line of the pubis is a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone. ... This article is about anatomical region. ... The acetabulum presents below a deep notch, the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular non-articular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity: this depression is perforated by numerous apertures, and lodges a mass of fat. ... The ischiopubic ramus is a compound structure consisting of the following two structures: from the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus from the ischium, the inferior ramus of the ischium It serves as part of the origin for the Obturator internus muscle. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The obturator foramen is the hole created by the ischium, ilium, and pubic bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass. ... The greater sciatic foramen is bounded, in front and above, by the posterior border of the hip bone; behind, by the sacrotuberous ligament; and below, by the sacrospinous ligament. ... The greater sciatic foramen is bounded, in front and above, by the posterior border of the hip bone; behind, by the sacrotuberous ligament; and below, by the sacrospinous ligament. ... An opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh, the foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity. ...

cells (chondroblast, chondrocyte) The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals the ability to physically move using the muscles and skeletal system. ... Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... The perichondrium is a layer of dense connective tissue which surrounds the cartilage. ... A fibrocartilage callus is a temporary fibrocartilage callus which forms as bone attemps to heal a fracture. ... The metaphysis is the body of cartilage that separates the epiphyses and the diaphysis of long bones during growth. ... A chondroblast is a cell, which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms Chondrocytes, commonly known as cartilage cells. ... Chondrocytes (< Greek chondros cartilage + kytos cell) are the only cells found in cartilage. ...

Inferior nasal concha: Ethmoidal process - Maxillary process The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. ... When the two maxillæ are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. ... In the opening of the incisive foramen, the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. ... In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. ... Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ... The body of the maxilla (corpus maxillae) is somewhat pyramidal in shape, and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). ... The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. ... The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ... Near the center of the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. ... The malar surface of the zygomatic bone is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus. ... The palatine bone is a bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... The horizontal part of the palatine bone (horizontal plate) is quadrilateral, and has two surfaces and four borders. ... Its medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of palatine bone is sharp and pointed, and, when united with that of the opposite bone, forms a projecting process, the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the Musculus uvulæ. See also anterior nasal spine This article was... The vertical part (perpendicular plate) of the palatine bone is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and four borders. ... The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ... The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid. ... The pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates. ... The orbital process of the palatine bone is placed on a higher level than the sphenoidal, and is directed upward and lateralward from the front of the vertical part, to which it is connected by a constricted neck. ... The sphenoidal process is a thin, compressed plate, much smaller than the orbital, and directed upward and medialward. ... The mandible (from Latin mandibŭla, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ... The body of the mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders. ... The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the Symphysis menti or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. ... The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. ... The mental foramen is a foramen in the mandible. ... The mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible (jaw bone) in the midline. ... Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis of the Mandible is the mylohyoid line, which gives origin to the Mylohyoideus; the posterior part of this line, near the alveolar margin, gives attachment to a small part of the Constrictor pharyngis superior, and to... (ramus mandibulæ; perpendicular portion) The ramus of the mandible is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. ... The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulæ, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and... The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. ... The Mandibular Foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. ... At the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus... The coronoid processis a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. ... The upper border of the ramus of mandible is thin, and is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep concavity, the mandibular notch. ... The condyloid process is thicker than the coronoid, and consists of two portions: the condyle, and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. ... The Nasal Bones (Ossa Faciei & Ossa Nasalia) are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. ... The inferior nasal concha (Concha Nasalis Inferior; Inferior Turbinated Bone) extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. ... Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part... For the embryological structure, see Maxillary prominence. ...

Vomer: Wing The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. ...