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The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. Horses have long been among the most economically important domesticated animals; although their importance has declined with mechanization, they are still found worldwide, fitting into human lives in various ways. The horse is prominent in religion, mythology, and art; it has played an important role in transportation, agriculture, and war; it has additionally served as a source of food, fuel, and clothing. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2480x1772, 3319 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Mangalarga Marchador Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ...
The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ...
For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera Subregnum Eumetazoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Acoelomorpha Myxozoa Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Chaetognatha Xenoturbellida Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Nemertea Phoronida Ectoprocta Bryozoa...
{{{subdivision_ranks}}} See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ...
Orders Multituberculata (extinct) Volaticotheria (extinct) Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Australosphenida Ausktribosphenida Monotremata Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Arctostylopida (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Cingulata Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Leptictida (extinct) Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia...
Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ...
Species - Donkey - African Wild Ass - Domestic Horse - Wild Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Kiang - Plains Zebra - Cape Mountain Zebra - Hartmanns Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...
Species - Donkey - Domestic Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Przewalskis Horse - Plains Zebra - Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...
In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ...
Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...
Binomial name Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 Subspecies Equus ferus ferus Equus ferus przewalskii The Wild Horse (Equus ferus) is a member of the Horse genus and was found in Europe and Asia. ...
Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae Brontotheriidae(extinct) Chalicotheriidae(extinct) Hyracodontidae(extinct) The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ...
Orders Multituberculata (extinct) Volaticotheria (extinct) Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Australosphenida Ausktribosphenida Monotremata Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Arctostylopida (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Cingulata Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Leptictida (extinct) Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia...
Species - Donkey - African Wild Ass - Domestic Horse - Wild Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Kiang - Plains Zebra - Cape Mountain Zebra - Hartmanns Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...
Domesticated animals, plants, and other organisms are those whose collective behavior, life cycle, or physiology has been altered as a result of their breeding and living conditions being under human control for multiple generations. ...
// The word mythology (Greek: μυθολογία, from μυθος mythos, a story or legend, and λογος logos, an account or speech) literally means the (oral) retelling of myths – stories that a particular culture believes to be true and that use supernatural events or characters to explain the nature of the universe and humanity. ...
This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...
War horses are horses specially trained for use in battle or individual combat (see also: Jousting). ...
Almost all breeds of horses can, at least in theory, carry humans on their backs or be harnessed to pull objects such as carts or plows. However, horse breeds were developed to allow horses to be specialized for certain task; lighter horses for racing or riding, heavier horses for farming and other tasks requiring pulling power. In some societies, horses are a source of food, both meat and milk; in others it is taboo to consume them. In industrialized countries horses are predominantly kept for leisure and sporting pursuits, while they are still used as working animals in many other parts of the world. A young rider at a horse show in Australia. ...
Tack is any of the various accessories worn by horses in the course of their use as domesticated animals. ...
Tourists in a vis-a-vis, Prague The classic definition of a carriage is a four-wheeled horse-drawn private passenger vehicle with leaf springs (elliptical springs in the 19th century) or leather strapping for suspension, whether light, smart and fast or large and comfortable. ...
For the constellation known as The Plough see Ursa Major. ...
This page is a list of horse and pony breeds. ...
A young rider at a horse show in Australia. ...
Bales of hay on a farm near Ames, Iowa A farm is the basic unit in agriculture. ...
Musculature of horse It is slightly sweet, tender, low in fat, and high in protein. ...
A glass of cows milk A goat kid feeding on its mothers milk Milk is the nutrient fluid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes). ...
Swine are considered treyf, non-kosher (unfit or unclean) in Judaism or haraam in Islam Taboo food and drinks are food and drink which people abstain from consuming for religious or cultural reasons. ...
Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2003). ...
Biology of the horse
 Anatomy of a horse from an Egyptian document (15th century) Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (992x1371, 398 KB) Summary Anatomy of a horse from a 9th century AH (15th century AD) Egyptian document at the University Library, Istanbul. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (992x1371, 398 KB) Summary Anatomy of a horse from a 9th century AH (15th century AD) Egyptian document at the University Library, Istanbul. ...
Age Depending on breed, management, and environment, the domestic horse today has a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years. Some specific breeds of horse can live into their 40s, and, occasionally, beyond. The oldest verifiable record was "Old Billy," a horse that lived in the 19th century, believed to have lived to the age of 62.
Reproduction and development -
Pregnancy lasts for approximately 11 months and usually results in one foal (male: colt, female: filly). Twins are rare. Females 4 years and over are called mares and males are stallions. A castrated male is a gelding. Horses, particularly colts, may sometimes be physically capable of reproduction at approximately 18 months but in practice are rarely allowed to breed until a minimum age of 3 years, especially females. Horses four years old are considered mature, though the skeleton usually finishes developing at the age of six, and the precise time of completion of development also depends on the horse's size (therefore a connection to breed exists), gender, and the quality of care provided by its owner. As with humans, females develop faster than males. Also, if the horse is larger, its bones are larger; therefore, not only do the bones take longer to actually form bone tissue (bones are made of cartilage in earlier stages of bone formation), but the epiphyseal plates (plates that fuse a bone into one piece by connecting the bone shaft to the bone ends) are also larger and take longer to convert from cartilage to bone as well. These plates convert after the other parts of the bones do but are crucial to development. Horse breeding is the process of using selective breeding to produce additional individuals of a given phenotype, that is, continuing a breed. ...
A foal is a young horse of either gender; a female foal is called a filly, while a male foal is called a colt. ...
A colt or filly with its mother A Colt is a young male horse, under the age of four. ...
Filly is also a town in Belgium. ...
13 year old Peruvian Paso mare A broodmare and foal In English, a mare (an old Germanic word) is a female horse; the word is also an etymological root of marshal (originally marescalcus horse servant). Mares are considered easier to handle than males, which are called stallions or after castration...
This Trakehner would be most appropriate to sire horses for the discipline of dressage. ...
A gelding is a castrated animal—in English, a castrated male horse. ...
Depending on maturity, breed and the tasks expected, young horses are usually put under saddle and trained to be ridden between the ages of two and four. Although Thoroughbred and American Quarter Horse race horses are put on the track at as young as two years old in some countries (notably the United States), horses specifically bred for sports such as show jumping and dressage are generally not entered into top-level competition until a minimum age of four years old, because their bones and muscles are not solidly developed, nor is their advanced training complete. WikiProject horse training is about methods of training horses, and all the related aspects of the relationship between people and horses. ...
Thoroughbred race horses The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known as a race horse. ...
A palomino Quarter Horse shown in-hand. ...
Horse-racing is an equestrian sporting activity which has been practiced over the centuries; the chariot races of Roman times were an early example, as was the contest of the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. ...
Show jumping is a form of competition in which horses are jumped over a course of fences, low walls, and other obstacles (e. ...
An upper-level dressage competitor performing an extended trot Dressage (a French term meaning training) is a path and destination of competitive horse training, with competitions held at all levels from amateur to the Olympics. ...
Dentition -
 A view of the upper half of a horse's mouth. Horses are adapted to grazing, so their teeth continue to grow throughout life. There are 12 teeth (six upper and six lower), the incisors, adapted to biting off the grass or other vegetation, at the front of the mouth, and 24 teeth, the premolar and molars, adapted for chewing, at the back of the mouth. Stallions and geldings have four additional teeth just behind the incisors, a type of canine teeth that are called "tushes." Some horses, both male and female, will also develop one to four very small vestigial teeth in front of the molars, known as "wolf" teeth, which are generally removed because they can interfere with the bit. Horses teeth are often used to estimate the animals age, hence the saying Dont look a gift horse in the mouth. At five years of age a horse has forty teeth: twenty-four molars or jaw teeth twelve incisors or front teeth four tusks or canine teeth between...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (945x2043, 351 KB) hard palate of a horse 1 Papilla incisiva, 2 Palatum durm (hard palate), 3 Rugae palatinae, 4 Raphe palati, 5 Palatum molle (soft palate) 6 Tonsilla veli palatini own photograph Uwe Gille 15:11, 13 September 2005 (UTC...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (945x2043, 351 KB) hard palate of a horse 1 Papilla incisiva, 2 Palatum durm (hard palate), 3 Rugae palatinae, 4 Raphe palati, 5 Palatum molle (soft palate) 6 Tonsilla veli palatini own photograph Uwe Gille 15:11, 13 September 2005 (UTC...
Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ...
The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. ...
Molar may refer to: Molar (tooth), the fourth kind of tooth in mammals. ...
A vestigial organ is an organ whose original function has been lost during evolution. ...
There is an empty interdental space between the incisors and the molars where the bit rests directly on the bars (gums) of the horse's mouth when the horse is bridled. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...
The incisors show a distinct wear and growth pattern as the horse ages, as well as change in the angle at which the chewing surfaces meet, and while the diet and veterinary care of the horse can affect the rate of tooth wear, a very rough estimate of the age of a horse can be made by looking at its teeth.
Sizes of horses and ponies The size of horses varies by breed, but can also be influenced by nutrition. The general rule for cutoff in height between what is considered a horse and a pony at maturity is 14.2 hands(h or hh) (147 cm, 58 inches) as measured at the withers. An animal 14.2h or over is usually considered a horse and one less than 14.2h is a pony. A Shetland Pony A pony is any of several horse breeds with a specific conformation and temperament. ...
A hand (or handbreadth) is a unit of length measurement, usually based on the breadth of a male human hand and thus around 1 dm, i. ...
The withers is the highest point on an animals back, on the ridge between its shoulder blades. ...
However, there are exceptions to the general rule. Some smaller horse breeds who typically produce individual horses both under and over 14.2h are considered "horses" regardless of height. Likewise, some pony breeds, such as the Pony of the Americas or the Welsh cob, share some features of horses and individual animals may occasionally mature at over 14.2h, but are still considered ponies. The Pony of the Americas, or the POA, was developed to be a children’s mount. ...
The Welsh Cob (Section D) is the largest of the Welsh horse breeds, not less than 13. ...
The difference between a horse and pony is not simply a height difference, but also a difference in phenotype or appearance. There are noticeable differences in conformation and temperament. Ponies often exhibit thicker manes, tails and overall coat. They also have proportionally shorter legs, wider barrels, heavy bone, thick necks, and short heads with broad foreheads. A horses conformation is the horses body proportions in relation to each other. ...
Light horses such as Arabians, Morgans, Quarter Horses, Paints and Thoroughbreds usually range in height from 14.0 to 16.0 hands and can weigh from 850 lbs to about 1500 lbs. Heavy or draft horses such as the Clydesdale, Belgian, Percheron, and Shire are usually at least 16.0 to 18.0 hands high and can weigh from about 682 kg (1500 lb) up to about 900 kg (2000 lb). Ponies are less than 14.2h, but can be much smaller, down to the Shetland pony at around 10 hands, and the Falabella which can be the size of a medium-sized dog. The miniature horse is as small as or smaller than either of the aforementioned ponies but are classified as very small horses rather than ponies despite their size. The Arabian horse is a breed of horse with a reputation for intelligence, high spirit, and outstanding stamina. ...
The Morgan is one of the first horse breeds developed in the United States. ...
The American Quarter Horse is a breed of horse originally bred specifically to race the quarter mile. ...
The American Paint Horse is an American breed of horse which is a specific type of stock-horse. ...
Thoroughbred race horses The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known as a race horse. ...
Two pairs of Shire horses and a pair of Suffolk Punches A draft horse, draught horse, or harness horse is a large, strong horse bred for heavy work rather than speed. ...
Clydesdale draft horse at the Maryland State Fair The Clydesdale is a breed of draft horse named after and derived from hard-working farm horses of Clydesdale (now Lanarkshire), Scotland. ...
A pair of very typical dapple grey Percheron Horses Percheron draft horse at the Maryland State Fair The Percheron is one of the most famous draft horses from France. ...
Shire draft horse The shire horse is a breed of draft horse. ...
A Shetland with the winter coat beginning to shed Shetland pony horses are small (on average up to 42 inches (10. ...
The Falabella horse is the smallest breed of horse in the world, reaching around 30 inches in size. ...
AMHA Registered Pinto Miniature Mare. ...
Evolution of the horse
 Mesohippus, an ancestor of the modern horse -
Horses and other equids are odd-toed ungulates of the order Perissodactyla, a relatively ancient group of browsing and grazing animals that first arose less than 10 million years after the dinosaurs became extinct. In the past, this order contained twelve families, but only three families—the horses and related species, tapirs and rhinoceroses—have survived till today. The earliest equids (belonging to the genus Hyracotherium) were found approximately 54 million years to the Eocene period. The Perissodactyls were the dominant group of large terrestrial browsing animals until the Miocene (about 20 million years ago), when even-toed ungulates, with stomachs better adapted to digesting grass, began to out compete them. Image File history File links Mesohippus. ...
Image File history File links Mesohippus. ...
Evolution of the horse, showing reconstruction of the fossil species obtained from successive rock strata. ...
Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae Brontotheriidae(extinct) Chalicotheriidae(extinct) Hyracodontidae(extinct) The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Orders & Suborders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Thyreophora Ornithopoda Marginocephalia Dinosaurs were vertebrate animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing approximately 230 million years ago. ...
A family in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 A family consists of a domestic group of people (or a number of domestic groups), typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by analogous or comparable relationships — including domestic partnership, cohabitation, adoption, surname and (in some cases) ownership (as occurred in the...
Species - Donkey - African Wild Ass - Domestic Horse - Wild Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Kiang - Plains Zebra - Cape Mountain Zebra - Hartmanns Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...
Species Tapirus bairdii Tapirus indicus Tapirus pinchaque Tapirus terrestris Tapirs are large browsing mammals, roughly pig-like in shape, with short, prehensile snouts. ...
Genera Ceratotherium Dicerorhinus Diceros Rhinoceros Coelodonta (extinct) Elasmotherium (extinct) Height Comparison of Extant Rhinoceros Species. ...
This little horse lived 50 million years ago the person who discovered it called Mole Beast or Hyracotherium later they found another one but called it Dawn Horse the name was given to another Hyracotherium but it also goes by Eohippus. ...
The Eocene epoch (55. ...
Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ...
The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...
Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ...
An area of grass-like plants Grass generally describes a monocotyledonous green plant in the family Poaceae, botanically regarded as true grasses. ...
The horse as it is known today adapted by evolution to survive in areas of wide-open terrain with sparse vegetation, surviving in an ecosystem where other large grazing animals, especially ruminants, could not.[1] An ecosystem, a contraction of ecological and system, refers to the collection of components and processes that comprise, and govern the behavior of, some defined subset of the biosphere. ...
Families Antilocapridae Bovidae Cervidae Giraffidae Moschidae Tragulidae A ruminant is any hooved animal that digests its food in two steps, first by eating the raw material and regurgitating a semi-digested form known as cud, then eating the cud, a process called ruminating. ...
Horse evolution was characterised by a reduction in the number of toes, from five per foot, to three per foot, to only one toe per foot (late Miocene 5.3 million years ago); essentially, the animal was standing on tiptoe. One of the first true horse species was the tiny Hyracotherium, which had 4 toes on each front foot (missing the thumb) and 3 toes on each back foot (missing toes 1 and 5). Over about five million years, this early equids evolved into the Orohippus. The 5th fingers vanished, and new grinding teeth evolved. This was significant in that it signaled a transition to improved browsing of tougher plant material, allowing grazing of not just leafy plants but also tougher plains grasses. Thus the proto-horses changed from leaf-eating forest-dwellers to grass-eating inhabitants of the Great Plains. The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...
In human anatomy, the thumb is the first digit on a hand. ...
Orohippus is an extinct ancestor of the modern horse that likely evolved from Eohippus in the Eocene Epoch (about 50 million years ago). ...
Browser can refer to: browser - a type of herbivore whose nutrition generally comes from high growing plants, like trees, rather than a grazer that eats from the ground. ...
An area of grass-like plants Grass generally describes a monocotyledonous green plant in the family Poaceae, botanically regarded as true grasses. ...
The Great Plains is the broad expanse of prairie which lies east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. ...
By the Pleistocene era, as the horse adapted to a drier, prairie environment, the 2nd and 4th toes disappeared on all feet, and horses became bigger. These side toes were shrinking in Hipparion and have vanished in modern horses. All that remains are a set of small vestigial bones on either side of the cannon (metacarpal or metatarsal) bone, known informally as splint bones, which are a frequent source of splints, a common injury in the modern horse. The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ...
Species Hipparion is an extinct genus of horse. ...
The human vermiform appendix is a vestigial structure: it no longer retains its original function. ...
The equine forelimb is the front, or thoracic limb of the horse. ...
The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. ...
The metatarsus consists of the five long bones of the foot, which are numbered from the medial side (ossa metatarsalia I.-V.); each presents for examination a body and two extremities. ...
Splints are an ailment of the horse, characterized by a hard, bony swelling, usually on the inside of a front leg, lying between the splint and cannon bone or on the splint bone itself. ...
Domestication of the horse and surviving wild species -
Competing theories exist as to the time and place of initial domestication. The earliest evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from Central Asia and dates to approximately 4,500 BC. Archaeological finds such as the Sintashta chariot burials provided unequivocal evidence that the horse was definitely domesticated by 2000 BC. There are a number of theories regarding the domestication of the horse. ...
There are a number of theories regarding the domestication of the horse. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
Archaeology, archeology, or archology (from the Greek words αÏχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...
The Sintashta fortified settlement in the southern Urals is dated to ca. ...
Chariot burials are tombs in which the deceased was buried together with his chariot, usually including his horses and other possessions. ...
Wild species -
Most "wild" horses today are actually feral horses, animals that had domesticated ancestors but were themselves born and live in the wild, often for generations. However, there are also some truly wild horses whose ancestors were never successfully domesticated. Binomial name Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 Subspecies Equus ferus ferus Equus ferus przewalskii The Wild Horse (Equus ferus) is a member of the Horse genus and was found in Europe and Asia. ...
Feral horses are free-roaming, untamed horses who are descended from domesticated horses. ...
There is a theory that there were four basic "proto" horses that developed with adaptations to their environment prior to domestication. There are competing theories, some arguing that the prototypes were separate species, others suggesting that the prototypes were physically different manifestations of the same species. Either way, the most common theories of historical wild species from which other types are thought to have developed suggests the following base prototypes:[2]
- The "Warmblood subspecies" or "Forest Horse" (Equus ferus silvaticus, also called the Diluvial Horse), thought to have evolved into Equus ferus germanicus, and which may have contributed to the development of the warmblood horses of northern Europe, as well as older "heavy horses" such as the Ardennais.
- The "Draft" subspecies, a small, sturdy, heavyset animal with a heavy hair coat, arising in northern Europe, adapted to cold, damp climates, somewhat resembling today's draft horse and even the Shetland pony
- The "Oriental" subspecies, a taller, slim, refined and agile animal arising in western Asia, adapted to hot, dry climates, thought to be the progenitor of the modern Arabian horse and Akhal-Teke
- The "Tarpan subspecies," dun-colored, sturdy animal, the size of a large pony, adapted to the cold, dry climates of northern Asia, the predecessor to the Tarpan and Przewalski's Horse as well as the domesticated Mongolian horse.
The tarpan, Equus ferus ferus, became extinct in 1880. Its genetic line is lost, but its phenotype has been recreated by a "breeding back" process, in which living domesticated horses with primitive features were repeatedly interbred. Thanks to the efforts of the brothers Lutz Heck (director of the Berlin zoo) and Heinz Heck (director of Munich Tierpark Hellabrunn), the resulting Heck horse together with the Konik resembles the tarpan more closely than any other living horse. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 2038 KB) eigen foto. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 2038 KB) eigen foto. ...
Trinomial name Equus ferus przewalskii (Poliakov, 1881) Przewalskis Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or sometimes ), pronounced in English as //, also known as the Mongolian Wild Horse, or Takhi, is the closest living relative of the Domestic Horse and is in fact the same species. ...
Warmbloods are a group of sport horse breeds and the term simply distinguishes this type of horse from the cold bloods (draft horses) and the hot bloods (Thoroughbreds and Arabians). ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
Two Ardennes in front of a plough The Ardennes or the Ardennais is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, originally from France and Belgium. ...
Two pairs of Shire horses and a pair of Suffolk Punches A draft horse, draught horse, or harness horse is a large, strong horse bred for heavy work rather than speed. ...
A Shetland with the winter coat beginning to shed Shetland pony horses are small (on average up to 42 inches (10. ...
World map showing the location of Asia. ...
The Arabian horse is a breed of horse with a reputation for intelligence, high spirit, and outstanding stamina. ...
The Akhal-Teke, Ahalteke in turkmen language, horse breed (pronounced Ah-cull Tek-y) is a breed from Turkmenistan, where they are the national emblem. ...
Binomial name Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 The Tarpan, Equus ferus, was the Eurasian wild horse. ...
Trinomial name Equus ferus przewalskii (Poliakov, 1881) Przewalskis Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or sometimes ), pronounced in English as //, also known as the Mongolian Wild Horse, or Takhi, is the closest living relative of the Domestic Horse and is in fact the same species. ...
Mongolian horse (with trimmed mane) The mongolian horse (mongolian Мор, mor) is the favourite animal of the mongols, and not only since Genghis Khan conquered half the world with its help. ...
Binomial name Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 The Tarpan, Equus ferus, was the Eurasian wild horse. ...
Individuals in the mollusk species Donax variabilis show diverse coloration and patterning in their phenotypes. ...
Breeding back is an attempt to assemble the genes of an extinct subspecies or domesticated breed, which may still be present in the larger gene pool of the overall species or other interbreedable species. ...
Ludwig George Heinrich Heck, called Lutz Heck (23 April 1892 - 6 April 1983, born and died in Berlin) was a German zoologist, animal researcher, an animal book author and a director of zoo. ...
Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ...
Giraffes in Sydneys Taronga Zoo Zoo redirects here. ...
Heinz Heck (22 January 1894 - 5 March 1982, born in Berlin and died in Munich) was a German biologist and director of zoo in Munich. ...
Tierpark Hellabrunn is the name of the zoological garden in the Bavarian capital Munich. ...
A Heck horse in Sababurg, Germany (2004) Heck horse in Haselünne, Germany (2004) The Heck horse is a breed of horse that resembles the extinct tarpan. ...
The konik is a small Polish horse, a kind of wild pony. ...
Przewalski's Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), a rare Asian species, is the only true wild horse alive today. Also known as the Mongolian Wild Horse, Mongolians know it as the taki, while the Kirghiz people call it a kirtag. Small wild breeding populations of this animal, named after the Russian explorer Przewalski, exist in Mongolia.[3] There are also small populations maintained at zoos throughout the world. After a battle against extinction, the Przewalksi's Horse is finally flourishing in the wild once again. Trinomial name Equus ferus przewalskii (Poliakov, 1881) Przewalskis Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or sometimes ), pronounced in English as //, also known as the Mongolian Wild Horse, or Takhi, is the closest living relative of the Domestic Horse and is in fact the same species. ...
Trinomial name Equus ferus przewalskii (Poliakov, 1881) Przewalskis Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or Equus caballus przewalskii, classification is debated), pronounced in English as // or [] with Polish pronunciation, also known as the Mongolian Wild Horse, or Takhi, is the closest living relative of the Domestic Horse. ...
A traditional Kyrgyz Manaschi performing part of the Manas epic poem at a yurt camp in Karakol Kyrgyz are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. ...
Nikolai Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky, also spelled Przewalski (Russian: ) (April 12, 1839—November 1, 1888 (Gregorian calendar)), was a Russian geographer and explorer in central and eastern Asia. ...
Other truly wild equids alive today include the zebra and the onager. Species Equus zebra Equus hartmannae Equus quagga Equus grevyi The Zebra is a part of the horse family, Equidae, native to central and southern Africa. ...
Binomial name Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775 The Onager (Equus hemionus) is a large mammal belonging to the horse family and native to the deserts of Syria, Iran, India, and Tibet. ...
Feral horses -
Feral animals, who had domesticated ancestors but were born and live in the wild, are distinct from wild animals, whose ancestors have never undergone domestication. Several populations of feral horses exist, including those in the western United States and Canada (often called "mustangs"), and in parts of Australia ("brumbies") and New Zealand ("Kaimanawa horses"). Isolated feral populations are often named for their geographic location: Namibia has its Namib Desert Horses; the Sorraia lives in Spain and Portugal; Sable Island Horses reside in Nova Scotia, Canada; and New Forest ponies have been part of Hampshire, England for a thousand years. Feral horses are free-roaming, untamed horses who are descended from domesticated horses. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 146 KB) Summary Author: Jaime Jackson Subject: Free-roaming mustangs, Utah, 2005. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 146 KB) Summary Author: Jaime Jackson Subject: Free-roaming mustangs, Utah, 2005. ...
Free-roaming mustangs (Utah, 2005) Mustangs at the Palomino Valley Adoption Center A mustang is a hardy, free-roaming horse of the North American west, descended primarily from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish conquistadors. ...
A feral horse (an American mustang) in Wyoming A feral animal or plant is one that has escaped from domestication and returned, partly or wholly, to its wild state. ...
Feral horses are free-roaming, untamed horses who are descended from domesticated horses. ...
Free-roaming mustangs (Utah, 2005) Mustangs at the Palomino Valley Adoption Center A mustang is a hardy, free-roaming horse of the North American west, descended primarily from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish conquistadors. ...
A brumby is a wild (feral) horse in Australia. ...
Kaimanawa Horses are a population of New Zealand wild horses descended from domestic horses that were released in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the middle of the North Island around the Kaimanawa Ranges. ...
The Sorraia is an ancient type of primative horse from Spain and Portugal, that has influenced many light modern horse breeds. ...
Sable Island is situated 180 km southeast of Nova Scotia, Canada in the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages none (English, French, Gaelic) Flower Mayflower Tree Red Spruce Bird Osprey Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total...
The New Forest Pony is one of the recognised 9 Mountain and Moorland or Native pony breeds of the British Isles, valued for its hardiness, strength and sureness of foot. ...
Hampshire, sometimes historically Southamptonshire or Hamptonshire, (abbr. ...
Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2005 est. ...
Studies of feral horses have provided useful insights into the behavior of ancestral wild horses, as well as greater understanding of the instincts and behaviours that drive horses.
Other modern equids - Main article: Equidae for full species list.
Other members of the horse family include zebras, donkeys, and onagers. The Donkey, Burro or Domestic Ass, Equus asinus, like the horse, has many breeds. A mule is a hybrid of a male ass (jack) and a mare, and is usually infertile. A hinny is the less common hybrid of a female ass (jenny) and a stallion. Breeders have also tried crossing various species of zebra with mares or female asses to produce "zebra mules" (zorses, and zonkeys (also called zedonks)). This will probably remain a novelty hybrid as these individuals tend to inherit some of the undomesticated nature of their zebra parent, but they may inherit the zebra's resistance to nagana pest: zorses, also called zebroids, have been used in Central African game parks for light haulage.[citation needed] Species - Donkey - African Wild Ass - Domestic Horse - Wild Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Kiang - Plains Zebra - Cape Mountain Zebra - Hartmanns Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...
Species Equus zebra Equus hartmannae Equus quagga Equus grevyi The Zebra is a part of the horse family, Equidae, native to central and southern Africa. ...
Binomial name Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758 The donkey or jackass, Equus asinus, is a domesticated animal of the horse family, Equidae. ...
Binomial name Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775 The Onager (Equus hemionus) is a large mammal belonging to the horse family and native to the deserts of Syria, Iran, India, and Tibet. ...
A barren of mules. ...
A hinny is the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey (jennet or jenny). ...
A stallion is an ungelded male horse after reaching the age of sexual maturity, usually between two and three years of age. ...
A zorse in an 1899 photograph from J.C. Ewarts The Penycuik Experiments. ...
A zeedonk in South Africa Colchester Zoos zeedonk, named Shadow A zeedonk (also called similar names including zebrass, zebronkey or zenkey) is a mixed breed animal, a cross between a zebra and a donkey. ...
A zeedonk in South Africa Colchester Zoos zeedonk, named Shadow A zeedonk (also called similar names including zebrass, zebronkey or zenkey) is a mixed breed animal, a cross between a zebra and a donkey. ...
Nagana, also called nagana pest or Animal African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease of vertebrate animals. ...
A zebra/donkey hybrid A zebroid is a cross between a zebra and any other equid: essentially, a zebra hybrid. ...
Horse behavior -
Horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight instinct. Their first response to threat is to flee, although they are known to stand their ground and defend themselves or their offspring in cases where flight is not possible, such as when a foal would be threatened. Through selective breeding, some breeds of horses have been bred to be quite docile, particularly certain large draft horses. However, most light horse riding breeds were developed for speed, agility, alertness and endurance; natural qualities that extend from their wild ancestors. Horse behavior is best understood from the perspective that horses are prey animals with a well-developed Fight-or-flight instinct. ...
This article or section should include material from Fight-or-flight The flight or fight response, also called the acute stress response, was first described by Walter Cannon in the 1920s as a theory that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system. ...
Horses are herd animals, and become very attached to their species and to humans. They communicate in various ways, such as nickering, grooming, and body language. Many horses will become flighty and hard to manage if they are away from their herd. This is called being "herd-bound". However, through proper training, it is possible to teach any horse to be comfortable away from the herd.
Horses within the human economy - See also: Horse training
Around the world, horses play a role within human economies, for leisure, sport and working purposes. To cite one example, the American Horse Council estimates that horse-related activities have a direct impact on the economy of the United States of over $39 billion, and when indirect spending is considered, the impact is over $102 billion.[4] WikiProject horse training is about methods of training horses, and all the related aspects of the relationship between people and horses. ...
In wealthier, First World, industrialized economies, horses are primarily used in recreational pursuits and competitive sports, though they also have practical uses in police work, cattle ranching, search and rescue, and other duties where terrain or conditions preclude use of motorized vehicles. In poorer, Third World economies, they may also be used for recreational purposes by the elite population, but serve a much wider role in working pursuits including farming, ranching and as a means of transportation. To a very limited extent, they are also still used in warfare, particularly in regions of extremely rugged terrain. The terms First World, Second World, and Third World were used to divide the nations of Earth into three broad categories. ...
A Ranch is an area of land, including buildings and structures, given primarily to the grazing of livestock on rangeland. ...
For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ...
Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ...
Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ...
War horses are horses specially trained for use in battle or individual combat (see also: Jousting). ...
Horses for sport -
Horses are used in two ways for sports: as competitors, and as mounts for human competitors. Horses as competitors are trained to be ridden or driven in a particular event. Examples include barrel racing, eventing, carriage driving, dressage, and show jumping. Although scoring varies by event, most emphasize the horse's speed, maneuverability, obedience and/or precision. Sometimes the equitation of the rider is also considered. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1000x1021, 1366 KB) En Baltic Cup Show jumping. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1000x1021, 1366 KB) En Baltic Cup Show jumping. ...
Show jumping is a form of competition in which horses are jumped over a course of fences, low walls, and other obstacles (e. ...
A young rider at a horse show in Australia. ...
Horse-racing is an equestrian sporting activity which has been practiced over the centuries; the chariot races of Roman times were an early example, as was the contest of the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. ...
A professional barrel racer Barrel racing, is a rodeo event that features a horse or barrel racer and one rider, running a cloverleaf pattern around three barrels in a triangular arrangement. ...
Eventing is an equestrian event which comprises dressage, cross-country and show-jumping. ...
An upper-level dressage competitor performing an extended trot Dressage (a French term meaning training) is a path and destination of competitive horse training, with competitions held at all levels from amateur to the Olympics. ...
Show jumping is a form of competition in which horses are jumped over a course of fences, low walls, and other obstacles (e. ...
A riders equitation is her/his ability to ride correctly with a strong, supple position and effective aids. ...
Sports such as polo and horseball use horses as mounts on which the human competitors ride. Although their riders are the primary competitors, horses serve as a necessary part of the game. In jousting, for example, the main goal is for one rider to dismount the other. Buzkashi is a game played throughout Central Asia, the aim being to capture a goat while on horseback. [1] Although the horse assists this process and requires specialized training to do so, the details of its performance are not judged, only the result of the rider's actions. A game of polo underway. ...
A game played on horseback where a ball is handled and points are scored by shooting it through a high net. ...
This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
The most widely known use of horses for sport is horse racing, seen in almost every nation in the world. There are three types: "flat" racing, steeple chasing, i.e. racing with jumps, and harness racing, where horses trot towing a small cart where the driver sits. Most racing horses in the developed world are Thoroughbreds, a breed which can reach speeds up to 40 mph/70 km/h. In the case of a specialized sprinting breed, the American quarter horse, speeds over 50 mph have been clocked. In harness racing, speeds over 30 mph have been measured. Horse-racing is an equestrian sporting activity which has been practiced over the centuries; the chariot races of Roman times were an early example, as was the contest of the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. ...
A trotter training at Vincennes hippodrome Harness racing is a form of horse-racing in which the horses race in a specified gait. ...
Thoroughbred race horses The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known as a race horse. ...
A palomino Quarter Horse shown in-hand. ...
A trotter training at Vincennes hippodrome Harness racing is a form of horse-racing in which the horses race in a specified gait. ...
A major part of the economic importance of horse racing, as for many sports, lies in the gambling associated with it. Gambling has had many different meanings depending on the cultural and historical context in which it is used. ...
Horses for work
 Horses used for carriage rides There are certain jobs that horses do very well, and no amount of technology appears able to supersede. Mounted police horses are still effective for crowd control. Cattle ranches still require riders on horseback to round up cattle that are scattered across remote, rugged terrain. Search and rescue organizations in some countries depend upon mounted teams to locate people, particularly hikers and hunters, who are lost in remote areas. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 2970 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 2970 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Musical Ride Mounted police are police who patrol on horseback. ...
A Ranch is an area of land, including buildings and structures, given primarily to the grazing of livestock on rangeland. ...
Some land management practices such as logging can be more efficiently managed with horses, to avoid vehicular disruption to delicate soil in areas such as a nature reserve. Forestry rangers may use horses for their patrols. Loggers on break, c. ...
In poor countries such as Romania, Kyrgyzstan, and many parts of the Third World, horses, donkeys and mules are widely used for transport and agriculture, especially for pulling plows or carts. In areas where roads are poor or non-existent, fossil fuels are scarce, and the terrain rugged, riding horseback is still the most efficient way to get from place to place. For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ...
Horses used for entertainment and culture . Image File history File linksMetadata Snowmane. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Snowmane. ...
Horses are an important element in the fantasy world of Middle-earth created by J. R. R. Tolkien. ...
Horses today also are used to re-enact their historical work purposes. A famous example are the Budweiser Clydesdales, a team of draft horses who pull a beer wagon in a manner similar to that used prior to the invention of the modern motorized truck. For the Czech beer also known as Budweiser, please see Budweiser Budvar. ...
Clydesdale (Dail Chluaidh in Scottish Gaelic) was formerly (1975-96) a local government district in the Strathclyde Region of Scotland. ...
Two pairs of Shire horses and a pair of Suffolk Punches A draft horse, draught horse, or harness horse is a large, strong horse bred for heavy work rather than speed. ...
Horses are used, complete with equipment that is authentic or a meticulously recreated replica, to enact various historical battles. Popular subjects include American Revolutionary War and Civil War reenactments, as well as battles of the 19th century between the U.S. Cavalry and Native Americans. The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
Soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat are commonly known as cavalry (from French cavalerie). ...
This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...
Horses also are used for historical reenactment of specific periods of history, to preserve cultural resources, or for ceremonial purposes. Examples include the use of horses at tourist destinations such as Colonial Williamsburg. Countries such as the United Kingdom still use horse-drawn carriages to convey royalty and VIPs to and from certain culturally significant events. Reenactors of the American Civil War Historical reenactment is an activity in which participants recreate some aspects of a historical event or period. ...
View of Duke of Gloucester Street Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the independent city of Williamsburg, Virginia. ...
Horses are frequently used in movies to add authenticity to historical dramas as well as adding charm to films set in the modern-day, or even futuristic dramas.
Horses used for assisted learning and theraputic purposes -
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People with both physical and mental disabilities have obtained medically beneficial results from being around horses. The movement of a horse strengthens muscles throughout a rider's body and promotes better overall health. In many cases, riding has also led to increased mobility for the rider. Horses also provide psychological benefits to people whether they actually ride or not. According to the American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. ...
Therapeutic horseback riding is an alternative therapy for individuals with a range of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social special needs. ...
Equine guided education, equine assisted learning (EAL) or equine assisted professional development is a relatively new field of experiential learning for corporate, professional and personal development. ...
Hippotherapy and therapeutic horseback riding are names for different physical, occupational and speech therapy treatment strategies that utilize equine movement. In the hippotherapy environment, a therapist uses the horse's movement to provide carefully graded sensory input, whereas therapeutic horseback riding uses specific riding skills. According to the American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. ...
Therapeutic horseback riding is an alternative therapy for individuals with a range of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social special needs. ...
The benefits of equestrian activity for people with disabilities has also been recognized with the addition of equestrian events to the Paralympic Games. Silver 2004 The Paralympic Games are an elite multi-sport event for athletes with a disability. ...
"Equine-assisted" or "equine-facilitated" psychotherapy is a new but growing movement which uses horses as companion animals to assist people with psychological problems. Actual practices vary widely due to the newness of the field; some programs include Therapeutic Horseback Riding and hippotherapy. Non-riding therapies simply encourage a person to touch, speak to and otherwise interact with the horse. Even without riding, people appear to benefit from being able to connect to a horse on a personal level; horses are very sensitive to non-verbal signals from humans and are an ideal tool for working with patients who have "tuned out" human therapists. Benefits can be obtained from the interaction and relationships formed between horses and people. Horses are also used in camps and programs for young people with emotional difficulties.[citation needed] // Psychotherapy is a range of techniques based on dialogue, communication and behavior change and which are designed to improve the mental health of a client or patient, or to improve group relationships (such as in a family). ...
Therapeutic horseback riding is an alternative therapy for individuals with a range of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social special needs. ...
According to the American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. ...
Equine Assisted Learning (EAL), Equine guided education, or equine assisted professional development, is a relatively new field of experiential learning for corporate, professional and personal development. Equine guided education, equine assisted learning (EAL) or equine assisted professional development is a relatively new field of experiential learning for corporate, professional and personal development. ...
There also have been experimental programs using horses in prison settings. Exposure to horses appears to improve the behavior of inmates in a prison setting and help reduce recidivism when they leave. A correctional facility in Nevada has a successful program where inmates learn to train young mustangs captured off the range in order to make it more likely that these horses will find adoptive homes. Both adult and juvenile prisons in New York, Florida, and Kent
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