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For other uses of this term, see Industry (disambiguation)

GDP composition of sector and labour force by occupation. The green, red, and blue components of the colours of the countries represent the percentages for the agriculture, industry, and services sectors, respectively.

An industry or sector (from Latin industrius, "diligent, industrious") is the manufacturing of a good or service within a category.^[1] Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Industry has the following meanings: Industry, a manufacturing business, or more broadly, an area of economic production An archaeological industry is the name given to a consistent range of assemblages connected with a single product such as the Langdale axe industry It is also the name of several places, including... Look up Industrial, Industry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x1256, 89 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Industry Tertiary sector of industry Service economy User:Safalra ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x1256, 89 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Industry Tertiary sector of industry Service economy User:Safalra ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... A good in economics is any physical object (natural or man-made) or service that, upon consumption, increases utility, and therefore can be sold at a price in a market. ... This article is about a term used in economics. ...

There are four key sectors of industry: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining and manufacturing; the tertiary sector, which deals with services (such as law and medicine) and distribution of manufactured goods; and the quaternary sector, a relatively new type of industry focusing on technological research, design and development such as computer programming and biochemistry. The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture, fishing and forestry establishments. ... The primary sector of industry generally involves the conversion of natural resources into primary products. ... This article is about mineral extractions. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ... The secondary sector of industry includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: manufacturing and construction. ... A refinery is composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations used for refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value. ... Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ... The tertiary sector of industry, also called the service sector or the service industry, is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing and primary goods production such as agriculture), and primary industry (extraction such as mining and fishing). ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... The quaternary sector of industry is the sector of industry that involves the intellectual services. ... The phrase research and development (also R and D or R&D) has a special commercial significance apart from its conventional coupling of research and technological development. ...

In economics and urban planning, industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products.^[1] Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... Urban planning is concerned with the ordering and design of settlements, from the smallest towns to the worlds largest cities. ... The secondary sector of industry includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: manufacturing and construction. ... Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ...

Industry in the second sense became a key sector of production in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution, which upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through many successive rapid advances in technology, such as the steel and coal production. It is aided by technological advances, and has continued to develop into new types and sectors to this day. Industrial countries then assumed a capitalist economic policy. Railroads and steam-powered ships began speedily establishing links with previously unreachable world markets, enabling private companies to develop to then-unheard of size and wealth. Following the Industrial Revolution, perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from manufacturing industries—more than agriculture's share. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... North American redirects here. ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... Mercantilism is the economic theory that a nations prosperity depended upon its supply of gold and silver, that the total volume of trade is unchangeable. ... Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... For other uses, see Steamboat (disambiguation). ... The term company may refer to a separate legal entity, as in English law, or may simply refer to a business, as is the common use in the United States. ... For the business meaning, see Wealth (economics). ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ...

Many developed countries (for example the UK, the U.S., and Canada) and many developing/semi-developed countries (People's Republic of China, India etc.) depend significantly on industry. Industries, the countries they reside in, and the economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.

Clark's Sector Model (1950)

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Colin Clark (1905–1989) was a British economist and statistician who taught in the United Kingdom and Australia, and who pioneered the use of the gross national product (GNP) as the basis for studying national economies. ...

History

Main article: Industrial history

Industry in the sense of professional manufacturing has existed for millennia, since the first cities rose. ...

Proto-industry

Main article: Proto-industrialisation

Early industries involved manufacturing goods for trade, including weapons, clothing, pottery. In medieval Europe, industry became dominated by the guilds in cities and towns, who mutual support for the member's interests, and maintained standards of workmanship and ethical conduct. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Industrial development

Main article: Industrialisation

The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale production, with consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly line was introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performing specific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. Later automation was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot. A factory in Ilmenau (Germany) around 1860 Industrialisation (also spelt Industrialization) or an Industrial Revolution is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society (an economy where the amount of capital accumulated per capita is low) to an industrial one... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... Modern car assembly line. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the machine. ... For other uses, see robot (disambiguation). ...

Declining industries

Main article: Deindustrialisation

Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors, including the development of replacement technology or the loss of competitive advantage. An example of the former is the decline in carriage manufacturing when the automobile was mass-produced. Deindustrialization is the process by which the manufacturing-based economy of a country or region declines. ... Catherine IIs carved, painted and gilded Coronation Coach (Hermitage Museum) George VI and Queen Elizabeth in a landau with footmen and an outrider, Canada 1939 The classic definition of a carriage is a four-wheeled horse drawn private passenger vehicle with leaf springs (elliptical springs in the 19th century... Car redirects here. ...

A recent trend has been the migration of prosperous, industrialized nations toward a post-industrial society. This is manifested by an increase in the service sector at the expense of manufacturing, and the development of an information-based economy, the so-called informational revolution. In a post-industrial society, manufacturing is relocated to more economically-favorable locations through a process of offshoring. A post-industrial society is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion of national and global capital, and mass privatization. ... The tertiary sector of industry, also called the service sector or the service industry, is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing and primary goods production such as agriculture), and primary industry (extraction such as mining and fishing). ... 0776220712 The Informational Revolution is one of the theoretical frameworks within which trends in current society can be conceptualized. ... Offshore may refer to oil and natural gas production at sea; see oil platform. ...

Industrial technology

Main article: Industrial technology

There are several branches of technology and engineering specialised for industrial application. This includes mathematical models, patented inventions and craft skills. See automation, industrial architecture, industrial design, industrial process, industrial arts and industrial applicability. Industrial Technology can be split up into careers for technicians and engineerss. ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ... Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying scientific knowledge and utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria. ... A mathematical model is an abstract model that uses mathematical language to describe a system. ... For the musical form, see Invention (music). ... For other uses, see Craft (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Example of industrial design item - hanger chair Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. ... Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacture of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. ... Industrial arts is an umbrella term used in the late 20th century to describe an educational program which featured fabrication of objects in wood and/or metal using a variety of hand, power, or machine tools. ... In patent law, industrial applicability or industrial application is a patentability requirement according to which a patent can only be granted for an invention which is susceptible of industrial application, i. ...

Industry and society

Main article: Industrial society

An industrial society can be defined in many ways. Today, industry is an important part of most societies and nations. A government must have some kind of industrial policy, regulating industrial placement, industrial pollution, financing and industrial labor. In sociology, industrial society refers to a society with a modern societal structure. ... In sociology, industrial society refers to a society with a modern societal structure. ... An industrial policy is any government regulation or law that encourages the ongoing operation of, or investment in, a particular industry. ... Air pollution Pollution is the introduction of pollutants (whether chemical substances, or energy such as noise, heat, or light) into the environment to such a point that its effects become harmful to human health, other living organisms, or the environment. ... Finance addresses the ways in which individuals, business entities and other organizations allocate and use monetary resources over time. ... Industrial labour is labour in industry, mostly understood as manufacturing. ...

Industrial labor

Main article: Industrial labor

In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. The labor movement first rose among industrial workers. Industrial labour is labour in industry, mostly understood as manufacturing. ... The labor movement (or labour movement) is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and political governments. ...

See also industrial sociology, industrial and organizational psychology, industrial district, industrial park. Industrial sociology (also known as sociology of industrial relations or sociology of work) is both a study of the interaction of people within industry (e. ... Industrial and organizational psychology (also known as I/O psychology, work psychology, work and organizational psychology, W-O psychology, occupational psychology, personnel psychology or talent assessment) concerns the application of psychological theories, research methods, and intervention strategies to workplace issues. ... Industrial district is a term used to describe an area where workers of a monolithic heavy industry (ship-building, coal mining, steel-working, ceramics, etc) live within walking-distance of their places of work. ... An industrial park (or industrial estate in British English) is an area of land set aside for industrial development. ...

Industry and war

Main article: Industrial warfare

The industrial revolution changed warfare, with mass-produced weaponry and supplies, machine-powered transportation, mobilization, the total war concept and weapons of mass destruction. Early instances of industrial warfare were the Crimean War and the American Civil War, but its full potential showed during the world wars. See also military-industrial complex, arms industry, military industry and modern warfare. Industrial warfare is a period in the history of warfare ranging roughly from the start of the Industrial Revolution to the beginning of the Information Age, which saw the rise of nation-states, capable of creating and equipping large armies and navies through the process of industrialization. ... Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardised products on production lines. ... This article describes military mobilization. ... Total war is a military conflict in which nations mobilize all available resources in order to destroy another nations ability to engage in war. ... For the Xzibit album, see Weapons of Mass Destruction (album). ... Industrial warfare is a period in the history of warfare ranging roughly from the start of the Industrial Revolution to the beginning of the Information Age, which saw the rise of nation-states, capable of creating and equipping large armies and navies through the process of industrialization. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... There have been two World Wars, now more commonly known as World War I or First World War (from 1914 to 1918), and World War II or Second World War (from 1939 to 1945). ... President Dwight Eisenhower famously referred to the military-industrial complex in his farewell address. ... The AK-47 has been produced in greater numbers than any other assault rifle and has been used in conflicts all over the world. ... The military industry is comprised of government and commercial industry involved in research, development, production, and service of military equipment and facilities. ... Modern warfare involves the widespread use of highly advanced technology. ...

Industry and the environment

See pollution and industrial ecology.

Air pollution Pollution is the introduction of pollutants (whether chemical substances, or energy such as noise, heat, or light) into the environment to such a point that its effects become harmful to human health, other living organisms, or the environment. ... Industrial ecology is the shifting of industrial process from open loop systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes. ...

Organization, management and economics

Main article: Industrial organization

See industrial loan company.

Industrial organization is the field of economics that studies the behavior of firms, the structure of markets and of their interactions. ... An industrial loan company (ILC) or industrial bank is a financial institution in the United States that lends money, and may be owned by non-financial institutions. ...

Economic views of industry

Philosophers and economists have developed many different views of industry. See physiocrats, Adam Smith, capitalism, Marxism and Colin Clark's Sector model. The Physiocrats were a group of economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from agriculture. ... For other persons named Adam Smith, see Adam Smith (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... Colin Clark (1905–1989) was a British economist and statistician who taught in the United Kingdom and Australia, and who pioneered the use of the gross national product (GNP) as the basis for studying national economies. ... Proposed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt, the sector model also known as the Hoyt model in urban land use and demography modified the concentric zone model of city development. ...

Industry sectors and classification

Main article: Industrial sector

There are many other different kinds of industries, and they are usually divided into different classes or sectors. The primary sector of industry is agriculture, mining and raw material extraction. The secondary sector of industry is manufacturing - which is what is colloquially meant by the word "industry". The tertiary sector of industry is service production. Sometimes one talks about a quaternary sector of industry, consisting of intellectual services such as R&D. The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture, fishing and forestry establishments. ... The primary sector of industry generally involves the changing process of natural resources into primary products. ... This article is about mineral extractions. ... Look up material in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The secondary sector of industry includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: manufacturing and construction. ... Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ... The tertiary sector of industry (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing), and primary industry (extraction such as mining, agriculture and fishing). ... This article is about a term used in economics. ... This box:  • • The Quaternary sector of industry is the sector of industry that involves the intellectual services. ... The phrase research and development (also R and D or R&D) has a special commercial significance apart from its conventional coupling of research and technological development. ...

• light industry - heavy industry
• labor-intensive industry - capital-intensive industry
• By product: chemical industry, petroleum industry, meatpacking industry, hospitality industry, food industry, fish industry, software industry, paper industry, entertainment industry, semiconductor industry, cultural industry, poverty industry

ISIC Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning compared to light industry. ... Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning compared to light industry. ... The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. ... The oil industry is a type of industry which brings petroleum to a financial market. ... The meat packing industry is an industry that handles the slaughtering, processing and distribution of animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and other livestock. ... The hospitality industry is a 3. ... The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. ... Salmon for sale at a fish market. ... Starting in the 1980s, application software has been sold in mass-produced packages through retailers The software industry comprises of businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of computer software. ... An International Paper mill in South Carolina The global pulp and paper industry is dominated by North American (United States, Canada), northern European (Sweden, Finland) and East Asian countries (such as Japan). ... The entertainment industry consists of a large number of sub-industries devoted to entertainment. ... The semiconductor industry is the collection of business firms engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductor devices. ... According to international organisations such as UNESCO and GATT, cultural industries (sometimes also known as creative industries) combine the creation, production, and distribution of goods and services that are cultural in nature and usually protected by intellectual property rights. ... The poverty industry refers to a wide-range of money-making activities that attract a large part of their business from the poor because they are poor. ...

ISIC(rev.4) stands for International Standard Industrial Classification of ALL economic activities, the most complete and systematic industrial classification made by United Nations Statistics Division. ISIC Rev.4 is a standard classification of economic activities arranged so that entities can be classified according to the activity they carry out. The categories of ISIC at the most detailed level (classes) are delineated according to what is, in most countries, the customary combination of activities described in statistical units and considers the relative importance of the activities included in these classes. While ISIC Rev.4 continues to use criteria such as input, output and use of the products produced, more emphasis has been given to the character of the production process in defining and delineating ISIC classes. classifications of industry. Industries can also be heavy or light. The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities is a United Nations system for classifying economic data. ...

Yahoo!Finance

Industry Center by Yahoo!Finance is also very useful (shows Trends of all industrial sectors).

References

This article or section is missing citations or needs footnotes. Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (December 2006)