Gando, Jiandao, and Kantō are the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese pronunciations of a name (間島) that refers to parts of Manchuria populated by Koreans. Jiandao Province (間島省) was also one of the provinces of Manchukuo, a World War II-era Japanese puppet state in Manchuria. Its capital was Yanji. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Hangul is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language (as opposed to the Hanja system borrowed from China). ... Hanja (lit. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin (拼音, pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... The characters for Kanji, lit. ... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 For other meanings, see Hepburn (disambiguation). ... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ... Approximate extent Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north), historically known as Manchuria, is the name of a region (ca. ... Manchukuo was a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria (Northeastern China) which existed from 1931 to 1945. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ... Yánjí (Chinese: 延吉; pinyin: ) is the capital city of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, within Jilin province of northeastern China. ...

Today, most of the region is part of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, a part of Jilin Province of the People's Republic of China. In China, Yanbian (延邊; Yenbyen 옌볜 in Korean) is the usual name used, and Jiandao is rarely used, due to its association with Japanese occupation. North Korea and South Korea acknowledge the region as a part of China, but there are some groups in Korea that claim the region as a historical part of Korea. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Jilin province, in the northeastern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; pinyin: Jílín; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ...

History

Multiple states succeeded each other in ruling the area in ancient times. These included Goguryeo / Gaogouli and Bohai / Balhae. The first, called Goguryeo in Korean and Gaogouli in Chinese, is generally acknowledged as one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, However, much of its early history was concentrated in what is now Manchuria, so that China now regards that part of Gaogouli's history as its own cultural heritage. The second, called Bohai in Chinese and Balhae in Korean, was a state that existed in the area during the Tang Dynasty in China and the Unified Silla Period in Korea. China emphasis Bohai's tributary relationship to the Tang, while Korea claims that Balhae was a cultural extension of Goguryeo. Goguryeo (also known as Koguryo; : Gāogōulí) (37 BC-668) was an empire in Manchuria and northern Korea. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Bo Hai / Bohai (or in the Korean context Balhae) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and Russian Far East. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Bo Hai / Bohai (or in the Korean context Balhae) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and Russian Far East. ... The Three Kingdoms of Korea were Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE. The Three Kingdoms period in Korea is usually considered to run from the 4th century CE until Sillas triumph over Goguryeo in 668. ... Approximate extent Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north), historically known as Manchuria, is the name of a region (ca. ... The Tang Dynasty (唐&#26397 Hanyu Pinyin táng cháo; 618-907) followed the Sui Dynasty and preceded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China. ... Unified Silla is the name often applied to the Korean kingdom of Silla after 668. ...

Bohai / Balhae was destroyed by the Khitan Liao Dynasty in 926, and formally annexed in 936. For the next several centuries the region changed hands between the Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and finally, the Manchus, whose Qing Dynasty succeeded in conquering China and forcing submission from the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. The Khitan, in Chinese Qidan (契丹 Pinyin: Qìdān), were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria and was classified in Chinese history as one of the Tungus ethnic groups (東胡族 dōng hú zú). ... The Liao Dynasty (T: 遼朝 S: 辽朝 pinyin: Liáo Cháo), 907-1125, sometimes also known as the Kingdom or Empire of the Khitan, was founded by the Yelü (耶律 Yēlǜ) family of the Khitan tribes in the final years of the Tang Dynasty, although Yelü Abaoji did not declare an... Events Bohai is conquered by the Khitan Births Emperor Murakami of Japan Deaths Categories: 926 ... Events King Taejo of Goryeo (Wanggeon) defeats Hubaekje. ... The Khitan, in Chinese Qidan (契丹 Pinyin: Qìdān), were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria and was classified in Chinese history as one of the Tungus ethnic groups (東胡族 dōng hú zú). ... The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Manchu (manju in Manchu; 滿族 (pinyin: mǎnzú) in Chinese, often shortened to 滿 (pinyin: mǎn) are an ethnic group who originated in Manchuria. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the Empire of the... The Joseon Dynasty (alternatively, Choson or Chosun) is usually preceded with the title Great. The House of the Junju Yi-Shi, The Royal Family of the Joseon Dynasty, or Ishi Wangjo, was the final ruling Imperial dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ...

For years, Qing officials did not allow people to move to Manchuria, as it always believed that should a Han majority government rise again in China, the Manchu royalty can flee to this area and retain a strong base to recover control in China. Joseon officials also did not allow its subjects to move to Manchuria. These governmental regulations with the general marshy nature of the area left Gando undeveloped and sparsely inhabited for long time. However, by late 19th century, significant amount of Koreans were moving into Manchuria, and even more arrived as Korea became a colony of Japan in 1910. The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the Empire of the... Approximate extent Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north), historically known as Manchuria, is the name of a region (ca. ... Han can refer to: Han Chinese, the dominant majority ethnic group of mainland China The Chinese written language (漢文) The Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) of China The state of Han, a state during the Chinese Warring States Period Han, one of the Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms, founded by the... The Manchu (manju in Manchu; 滿族 (pinyin: mǎnzú) in Chinese, often shortened to 滿 (pinyin: mǎn) are an ethnic group who originated in Manchuria. ... The Joseon Dynasty (alternatively, Choson or Chosun) is usually preceded with the title Great. The House of the Junju Yi-Shi, The Royal Family of the Joseon Dynasty, or Ishi Wangjo, was the final ruling Imperial dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ... Approximate extent Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north), historically known as Manchuria, is the name of a region (ca. ... Korea is a formerly unified country, situated on the Korean Peninsula in northern East Asia, bordering on China to the west and Russia to the north. ...

In 1905, the Korean Empire became a protectorate of Japan, effectively losing diplomatic rights. On April 18, 1906, a team of Japanese military invaded Gando and declared ownership over the region. In the Gando Convention of 1909, Japan affirmed territorial rights of the Qing over Gando after the Chinese foreign ministry issued a thirteen-point refutation statement regarding its rightful ownership. Nevertheless there were large Koreans settlements and the area remained under significant Japanese influence. The Korean Empire existed from 1897 to 1910. ... Legal definition In international law, a protectorate is a state or territory controlled by a more powerful state. ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The 1909 Gando Convention was a treaty signed between Japan and China in which Japan transferred the Gando region to China in return for railroad concessions in Manchuria. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the Empire of the...

Between 1931 to 1945, Manchuria was under the control of Manchukuo, a Japanese client state. Jiandao was a province of Manchukuo. After World War II and the liberation of Korea, many Korean expatriates in the region moved back, but a significant majority still remained in Manchuria; descendants of these people form the Korean ethnic minority in China today. Approximate extent Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north), historically known as Manchuria, is the name of a region (ca. ... Manchukuo was a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria (Northeastern China) which existed from 1931 to 1945. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

The area is now the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin province. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Jilin province, in the northeastern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; pinyin: Jílín; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ...

Boundary claims

Korean claims over Gando stem from what is perceived as an ambiguity in the original Sino-Korean boundary agreement.

In 1712, the Joseon of Korea and Qing of China agreed to set the boundaries of the two countries at the Yalu and Tumen Rivers. The Yalu (鴨綠) / Amnok (압록) River boundary is of little dispute, but the interpretation of the Tumen 土門 (토문) causes problems. China identifies the Tumen as the modern Tumen River, which is written as 圖們 in modern Chinese. However, it is written as 豆滿 (두만) "Duman" in modern Korean. Some Koreans hence identify it with another Tumen River that joins the Songhua River. The Joseon Dynasty (alternatively, Choson or Chosun) is usually preceded with the title Great. The House of the Junju Yi-Shi, The Royal Family of the Joseon Dynasty, or Ishi Wangjo, was the final ruling Imperial dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the Empire of the... The Yalu (Amnok) River is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ... Tumen River - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Songhua River (松花江 song4 hua1 jiang1) is the largest tributary of the Amur River, flowing about 1,800 km from Changbai Mountains. ...

This confusion arises as the two names sound identical, and neither name is actually of Chinese origin. The two rivers can be seen in the following map from the period. It is uncertain which modern river the Korean claim corresponds to, as there is no modern tributary of the Songhua River with that name.

This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

The Korean claims commonly make use of maps such as the following (Map 2: late 18th century English origin; Map 3: early 19th century German origin; Map 4: mid 19th century Russian origin). It is difficult to tell, however, whether the borders depicted are the same as the modern Sino-Korean border, as these maps are not particularly accurate.

File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Other maps, made by Korea, tend to show Sino-Korean borders to be the same as those today:

After liberation of Korea in 1945, many Koreans believed that Gando should be returned to Korean rule, but the military control by United States of America in the south and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the north hindered any unified Korean claim to the territory. The chaos of the Korean War and the geopolitical situation of the Cold War effectively diminished any opportunity for Koreans to highlight the Gando issue. In 1962, North Korea signed a boundary treaty with People's Republic of China setting the Korean boundary at Yalu and Tumen, effectively foregoing territorial claims to Gando. South Korea also recognizes this as the boundary between Korea and China. Korea is a formerly unified country, situated on the Korean Peninsula in northern East Asia, bordering on China to the west and Russia to the north. ... Soviet redirects here. ... The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁), from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. ... A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, acts of espionage or conflict through surrogates. ... The Yalu (Amnok) River is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ... Tumen River - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

Nevertheless it has been claimed that since Japan ceded all territories outside Japan after the end of World War II, Gando should be regarded as Korean territory. However, none of the governments involved (North Korea, South Korea, People's Republic of China, or Japan) make such a claim. In addition, there is very little enthusiasm for irredentism among the Korean minority in China. Although there are occasional arguments over historical interpretation, this issue arouses very little emotion or official interest on the part of any of the parties, and relations between China and both Koreas remain warm. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Irredentism is claiming a right to territories belonging to another state on the grounds of common ethnicity and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. ...

In 2004 the South Korean government issued a statement to the effect that it believed that the Gando Convention was null and void. The resultant controversy and strong negative reaction from the PRC led to a retraction of the statement, along with an explanation that its issuance was an "administrative error." The 1909 Gando Convention was a treaty signed between Japan and China in which Japan transferred the Gando region to China in return for railroad concessions in Manchuria. ... In the technical terminology of political science the PRC was a communist state for much of the 20th century, and is still considered a communist state by many, though not all, political scientists. ...

A small number of South Korean activists believe that under a unified Korea, the treaties signed by North Korea can be deemed null, allowing the unified Korea to actively seek regress for Gando. However, the current political situation make this a faint possibility at best. Also, some scholars claims that China's efforts to incorporate the history of Goguryeo and Barhae into Chinese history is an effectively pre-emptive move to squash any territorial disputes that might rise regarding Gando before a unified Korea can claim such or the Korean ethnic minority in the Manchuria region claim to become part of Korea. National motto: 널리 인간을 이롭게 하라 Translation: Bring benefit to all people Official language Korean Capital Seoul Largest City Seoul President Roh Moo-hyun Prime Minister Lee Hae-chan Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 107th 99,274 km² 0. ... Goguryeo (also known as Koguryo; : Gāogōulí) (37 BC-668) was an empire in Manchuria and northern Korea. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Bo Hai / Bohai (or in the Korean context Balhae) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and Russian Far East. ... Approximate extent Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north), historically known as Manchuria, is the name of a region (ca. ... Korea is a formerly unified country, situated on the Korean Peninsula in northern East Asia, bordering on China to the west and Russia to the north. ...

Military Airport on Gran Canaria, Spain

Gando is also a military airport on Gran Canaria, Spain at 27°55′ N 15°19′ W (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=27_55_N_15_19_W_).

From Gando the Spanish satellite Minisat01 was launched. Therefore a plane of the type L-1011 was started with a Pegasus-rocket. This rocket was dropped at 27°00′ N 15°30′ W (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=27_00_N_15_30_W_) over the atlantic ocean and ignited.

Weblinks

• Rocket launches at Gando (http://www.astronautix.com/sites/gando.htm)

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• History of Korea