Malvales
Alcea setosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malvales Dumort. (1829)
Families
Malvaceae (mallows,...) Dipterocarpaceae Sarcolaenaceae Cistaceae Muntingiaceae Bixaceae Diegodendraceae Cochlospermaceae Sphaerosepalaceae Thymelaeaceae Neuradaceae Alcea setosa - image taken on 1 May 2004, on the slopes of Mount Carmel, Israel. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Genera Abelmoschus - Okra Abutilon - Abutilon Adansonia – Baobab Alcea - Hollyhock Althaea - Marsh mallow Bombax – Silk-cotton tree Callirhoe - Poppy mallow Ceiba – Kapok Chiranthodendron – Mexican Hand Tree Cola - Kola nut Corchorus - Jute Durio – Durian Fremontodendron – Flannelbush Gaya – Gaya Gossypium - Cotton plant Hibiscus - Hibiscus Hoheria – Lacebark Kosteletzkya - Saltmarsh mallow Lavatera - Tree mallow or... Mallow is the common name of several closely related genera of plant in the family Malvaceae: Malva (Mallow) Althaea (Marsh mallow) Callirhoe (Poppy mallow) Kosteletzkya (Seashore mallow) Lavatera (Tree mallow or rose mallow) Malvaviscus - Turks cap mallow Sidalcea (Greek mallow) Sphaeralcea - Globemallow Plants of the genus Malva are herbaceous... Genera Anisoptera Cotylelobium Dipterocarpus Dryobalanops Hopea Marquesia Monotes Neobalanocarpus Pakaraimaea Parashorea Shorea Stemonoporus Upuna Vateria Vateriopsis Vatica Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 580-680 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees with two-winged fruits. ... Genera Eremolaena Leptolaena Mediusella Pentachlaena Perrierodendron Rhodolaena Sarcolaena Schizolaena Xerochlamys Xyloölaena The Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. ... Genera Cistus (rock roses) Fumana X Halimiocistus Halimium Helianthemum Hudsonia Lechea Tuberaria Reference: Kew (2004) The Cistaceae (or rock rose family) is a rather small family known for its beautiful shrubs, vastly covered by flowers at the time of blossom. ... Genus Amoreuxia (yellowshow) Bixa (achiote) Cochlospermum Bixaceae, or the achiote family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants. ... Genera About 50 genera, including: Dais Daphne Dirca Drapetes Edgeworthia Gonystylus Ovidia Passerina Phaleria Pimelea Stellera Struthiola Thymelaea Thymelaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, with about 700-750 species in 50 genera. ...

The Malvales are an order of flowering plants, mostly comprised of shrubs and trees. Most of its families have cosmopolitan distribution in the tropic and subtropic climates, with limited expansion to temperate or cold regions. An interesting distribution emphasis is placed on Madagascar, as there are three families (Sphaerosepalaceae, Sarcolaenaceae and Diegodendraceae) endemic to it. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... A willow shrub A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... The subtropics (also known as semitropics) are the geographic regions of the Earth immediately north and south, respectively, of the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn - i. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ...

The order accounts for about 6000 species in nine families. The dominant family is the extended Malvaceae with over 4000 species, followed by Thymelaeaceae with 750 species. In biology, a species is, loosely speaking, a group of related organisms that share a more or less distinctive form and are capable of interbreeding. ...

The morphology of Malvales is diverse, and there are few common properties. Among most commonly encountered characteristics one can mention palmate or palmately lobed leaves, connate sepals, and a specific structure and chemical composition of the seeds. The cortex is often fibrous, built of soft phloem layers. Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in organisms. ... In botany, palmate refers to leaves that have veins radiating from the point where the leaf attaches to the petiole (stem). ... In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... Flower of the Primrose Willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals A sepal is one member or part of the calyx of a flower. ... A SeeD is a term given to mercenaries trained and employed by Balamb Garden in the Final Fantasy VIII video game. ... The outermost layer of the brain, the cortex is rich in neurons and is the site of most sophisticated neural processing (See also: cerebral cortex). ... In vascular plants, phloem is the tissue that carries organic nutrients, particularly sucrose. ...

Many Malvales species are known for their wood, of exceptional quality and lightness (namely Ochroma, Edgeworthia, Tilia, Thymelaea and Daphne). The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao) is used as an ingredient for chocolate. Kola nuts (genus Cola) are notable for their high content of caffeine, and in past were commonly used for preparing of various cola drinks. A news/talk radio station on the frequency of 1300 AM in Grand Rapids, Michigan. ... Binomial name Theobroma cacao L. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a small (4-8 m tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae (formerly Sterculiaceae), native to tropical South America, but now cultivated throughout the tropics. ... Chocolate comes in dark, light, and white varieties with cocoa contributing the brown coloration. ... Species Cola nitida Cola vera Cola acuminata - Abata Cola The kola nut is obtained from several West African or Indonesian trees, such as Cola nitida or Cola vera, and the Abata Cola (Cola acuminata), of the Malvaceae (formerly Sterculiaceae) family. ... Caffeine molecular structure Caffeine, also known as trimethylxanthine, coffeine, theine, mateine, guaranine, methyltheobromine and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is a xanthine alkaloid found naturally in such foods as coffee beans, tea, kola nuts, Yerba mate, guarana berries, and (in small amounts) cacao beans. ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids. ...

Classification

Newer systems place Malvaceae among the rosid group of dicotyledons. Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ...

The Malvaceae is taken to include the older families Bombaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae. Under the older Cronquist system, the order contained only these four families and the Elaeocarpaceae, and was placed among the Dilleniidae. Some of the current families were placed by Cronquist in the Violales. Genera Abelmoschus - Okra Abutilon - Abutilon Adansonia – Baobab Alcea - Hollyhock Althaea - Marsh mallow Bombax – Silk-cotton tree Callirhoe - Poppy mallow Ceiba – Kapok Chiranthodendron – Mexican Hand Tree Cola - Kola nut Corchorus - Jute Durio – Durian Fremontodendron – Flannelbush Gaya – Gaya Gossypium - Cotton plant Hibiscus - Hibiscus Hoheria – Lacebark Kosteletzkya - Saltmarsh mallow Lavatera - Tree mallow or... Genera Abelmoschus - Okra Abutilon - Abutilon Adansonia – Baobab Alcea - Hollyhock Althaea - Marsh mallow Bombax – Silk-cotton tree Callirhoe - Poppy mallow Ceiba – Kapok Chiranthodendron – Mexican Hand Tree Cola - Kola nut Corchorus - Jute Durio – Durian Fremontodendron – Flannelbush Gaya – Gaya Gossypium - Cotton plant Hibiscus - Hibiscus Hoheria – Lacebark Kosteletzkya - Saltmarsh mallow Lavatera - Tree mallow or... Genera Abelmoschus - Okra Abutilon - Abutilon Adansonia – Baobab Alcea - Hollyhock Althaea - Marsh mallow Bombax – Silk-cotton tree Callirhoe - Poppy mallow Ceiba – Kapok Chiranthodendron – Mexican Hand Tree Cola - Kola nut Corchorus - Jute Durio – Durian Fremontodendron – Flannelbush Gaya – Gaya Gossypium - Cotton plant Hibiscus - Hibiscus Hoheria – Lacebark Kosteletzkya - Saltmarsh mallow Lavatera - Tree mallow or... The Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms). ... Genera Aceratium Aristotelia Crinodendron Dubouzetia Elaeocarpus Peripentadenia Sericolea Sloanea Valea Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. ... Families see text Violales used to be an order of flowering plants in the Cronquist classification. ...

References

• Alverson, W. S., K. G. Karol, D. A. Baum, M. W. Chase, S. M. Swensen, R. McCourt, and K. J. Sytsma (1998). Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: Evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 85, 876-887. (Available online: Abstract)
• W. S. Judd, C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, M. J. Donoghue (2002). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 2nd edition. pp. 405-410 (Malvales). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusets. ISBN 0878934030.
• B. C. J. du Mortier (1829). Analyse des Familles de Plantes, avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent, p. 43. Imprimerie de J. Casterman, Tournay.
• B. A. Whitlock (October 2001). Malvales (Mallow). In: Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Nature Publishing Group, London. (Available online: DOI | ELS site)