Molluscs Fossil range: Ediacaran or Cambrian - Recent
Caribbean Reef Squid, Sepioteuthis sepioidea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Linnaeus, 1758
Classes
Aplacophora † ?Bellerophontida Bivalvia Caudofoveata Cephalopoda Gastropoda † Helcionelloida Monoplacophora Polyplacophora † Rostroconchia Scaphopoda † Tentaculita The Ediacaran[5][6]  â€¢  â€¢  | Neoproterozoic (last æon of the Precambrian) Phanerozoic Axis scale: millions of years ago. ... For other uses, see Cambrian (disambiguation). ... Download high resolution version (800x605, 283 KB)Caribbean Reef Squid Photographed by Jan Derk in March 2005 on Bonaire. ... The Reef squid, Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823), or Caribbean Reef squid, are members of the 10 arm cephalopods (decabrachia) with torpedo-shaped bodies (with the hood-like part above the head called the mantle which contains the stomach, gills, ink sac, pen, reproductive organs, and digestive organs), two large complex... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... A class is the rank in the scientific classification of organisms in biology below Phylum and above Order. ... Subclasses and families Subclass Chaetodermomorpha (Caudofoveata) Family Chaetodermidae Family Falcidentidae Family Limifossoridae Family Metachaetodermatidae Family Prochaetodermatidae Family Scutopidae Subclass Neomeniomorpha (Solenogastres) Family Acanthomeniidae Family Amphimeniidae Family Dondersiidae Family Drepanomeniidae Family Epimeniidae Family Gymnomeniidae Family Hemimeniidae Family Heteroherpiidae Family Imeroherpiidae Family Lepidomeniidae Family Macellomeniidae Family Meiomeniidae Family Neomeniidae Family Perimeniidae Family... Families Bellerophontidae Cyrtolitidae Sinuopeidae Sinuitidae Tropidodiscidae Bellerophontida or Bellerophontina are a group of extinct snail-like molluscs that appeared in the latest Cambrian and continued through to the Triassic. ... Subclasses Anomalosdesmata Cryptodonta Heterodonta Paleoheterodonta Palaeotaxodonta Pteriomorphia and see text Mussels in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, England. ... Families Chaetodermatidae Limifossoridae Prochaetodermatidae Caudofoveata is a small class of the phylum mollusca, also known as Chaetodermomorpha. ... Orders Sepiida Sepiolida Spirulida Teuthida Octopoda Vampyromorphida Nautilida The Cephalopods (head-foot) are the mollusc class Cephalopoda characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a modification of the mollusc foot into the form of arms or tentacles. ... Subclasses Eogastropoda (True Limpets and relatives) Orthogastropoda The gastropods, also previously known as gasteropods, or univalves, and more commonly known as snails and slugs, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 known living species. ... Orders Cyrtonellida Tryblidiida Pelagiellida Monoplacophora is a class of mollusks thought to be extinct until April 1952, when a living animal was dredged up from deep marine sediments in the Middle America Trench off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and named Neopilina by its discoverer, Danish biologist Dr. Henning... Lined Chiton (Tonicella lineata) Chitons, also called polyplacophorans and rarely polyplacophores, are 860 species of molluscs of the Class Polyplacophora. ... Orders See text The Rostroconchia is a class of extinct mollusks dating from the early Cambrian to the late Permian. ... Orders Dentaliida Gadilida The tusk shells are a class Scaphopoda of marine mollusks distinguished by curved tubular shells open at both ends, resembling a elephants tusk (thus the name). ...

The molluscs (British spelling) or mollusks (American spelling) are members of the very large and diverse phylum of invertebrate animals known as Mollusca. There are some 112,000 species within this phylum.^[1] The scientific study of molluscs is known as malacology. Phylum (plural: phyla) is a taxon used in the classification of animals, adopted from the Greek phylai the clan-based voting groups in Greek city-states. ... Invertebrate is an English word that describes any animal without a spinal column. ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Classes Caudofoveata Aplacophora Polyplacophora - Chitons Monoplacophora Bivalvia - Bivalves Scaphopoda - Tusk shells Gastropoda - Snails and Slugs Cephalopoda - Squids, Octopuses, etc. ...

The word mollusc comes from the French mollusque, which originated from the Latin molluscus, meaning thin-shelled, from mollis, soft.^[2] For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ...

Molluscs range from minute snails and clams (micromollusks) to large organisms such as squid, cuttlefish and octopus, which are among the most neurologically-advanced invertebrates^[3]. For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... Orders and Families †Vasseuriina †Vasseuriidae †Belosepiellidae Sepiina †Belosaepiidae Sepiadariidae Sepiidae Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses). ... For other uses, see Octopus (disambiguation). ... Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior. ... Invertebrate is an English word that describes any animal without a spinal column. ...

There are a wide variety of molluscs which are valued by humans as seafood or for their decorative shells. The edible species include many kinds of clams, snails, squid and octopuses. Spaghetti with seafood (Spaghetti allo scoglio). ... Various seashells Danielle A shell is the hard, rigid outer covering, or integument, allanimals. ... For other uses, see Clam (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Snail (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Octopus (disambiguation). ...

The vast majority of molluscs live in marine environments, and many of them are found intertidally, in the shallow subtidal and on the continental shelf. Species of octopus and squid live throughout the ocean depths and some species of clam and limpet live in the abyssal depths of the oceans around hot vents.

Not all molluscs are marine: two taxonomic groups or classes, the bivalves and the gastropods, also contain freshwater species. Only the gastropods have representatives that live on land: the land snails and slugs. Taxonomy (from Greek ταξινομία from the words taxis = order and nomos = law) may refer to either a hierarchical classification of things, or the principles underlying the classification. ... A class is the rank in the scientific classification of organisms in biology below Phylum and above Order. ... Orders Subclass Protobranchia Solemyoida Nuculoida Subclass Pteriomorphia - oysters Arcoida Mytiloida Pterioida Subclass Paleoheterodonta - mussels Trigoinoida Unionoida Subclass Heterodonta - clams, zebra mussels Veneroida Myoida Subclass Anomalosdesmata Pholadomyoida Animals of the Class Bivalvia are known as bivalves because they typically have two-part shells, with both parts being more or less symmetrical. ... Subclass Subclass Eogastropoda     Patellogastropoda Subclass Orthogastropoda   Superorder Cocculiniformia   Superorder Hot Vent Taxa     Neomphaolida   Superorder Vetigastropoda   Superorder Neritaemorphi     Neritopsina   Superorder Caenogastropoda     Architaenioglossa     Sorbeoconcha   Superorder Heterobranchia     Heterostropha     Opisthobranchia     Pulmonata The gastropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 species, and second largest class... For other uses, see Snail (disambiguation). ... This article is about land slugs. ...

Anatomy

Molluscs are triploblastic protostomes and many demonstrate bilateral symmetry. The principal body cavity is a blood-filled hemocoel. They have a true coelom (eucoelom); any coelomic cavities have been reduced to vestiges around the hearts, gonads, and metanephridia (kidney-like organs). The body is often divided into a head, with eyes or tentacles, a muscular foot, and a visceral mass housing the organs. Triploblastic is a condition of the ovum in which there are three primary germinal layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. ... Groups Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Platyzoa Protostomes (from the Greek: first the mouth) are a taxon of animals. ... The elaborate patterns on the wings of butterflies are one example of biological symmetry. ... Picture of Human body cavities - dorsal body cavity to the left and ventral body cavity to the right. ... A Hemocoel is a cavity or series of spaces between the organs of organisms with open circulatory systems like most arthropods and mollusks. ... Picture of Human body cavities - dorsal body cavity to the left and ventral body cavity to the right. ... The heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ... The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. ... Metanephridium (pl. ... The kidneys are the organs that filter wastes (such as urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. ... This article refers to the sight organ. ... Tentacles can refer to the elongated flexible organs that are present in many invertebrates, and sometimes to the hairs of the leaves of insectivorous plants. ... In anatomy, a viscus (plural viscera) is an internal organ of an animal, in particular an internal organ of the thorax or abdomen. ...

The shell of the tiger top snail, Calliostoma tigris, from New Zealand.

Molluscs have a mantle, which is a fold of the outer skin lining the shell, and a muscular foot that in most species is used for locomotion. In most mollusks the mantle secretes a calcium carbonate external shell. In the majority of marine mollusks the gill or gills absorbs oxygen from the water. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 739 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1977 × 1604 pixel, file size: 387 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Calliostoma tigris from near Wellington, New Zealand. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 739 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1977 × 1604 pixel, file size: 387 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Calliostoma tigris from near Wellington, New Zealand. ... Binomial name Calliostoma tigris (Gmelin, 1791) Calliostoma tigris is a gastropod mollusc of the Family Calliostomatidae, endemic to New Zealand. ... The mantle is an organ found in mollusks. ... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with the chemical formula CaCO3. ... For other uses, see Gill (disambiguation). ... This article is about the chemical element and its most stable form, or dioxygen. ...

Diagrams of five classes of Mollusca: A Polyplacophora, B Scaphopoda, C Gastropoda, D Bivalvia, E Cephalopoda. From Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

All species of the phylum Molluscs have a complete digestive tract that starts from the mouth and runs to the anus. Many have a feeding structure, the radula, mostly composed of chitin. This radula is a feature only found in molluscs. Radulae are very diverse within the Mollusca, ranging from structures used to scrape algae off rocks, to the harpoon-like structures of cone snails. Cephalopods (squid, octopuses, cuttlefish) also possess a chitinous beak. Unlike the closely related annelids, molluscs lack body segmentation. Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... For other uses, see Mouth (disambiguation). ... This article is about the bodily orifice. ... Transverse view of the buccal cavity with the radula Radula types chart. ... Structure of the chitin molecule, showing two of the N-Acetylglucosamine units that repeat to form long chains in beta-1,4 linkage. ... Osborne (talk) 20:17, 5 December 2007 (UTC):For the programming language, see algae (programming language) Laurencia, a marine red alga from Hawaii. ... Genera Asprella Chelyconus Conus Floraconus Leptoconus The cone snails or cone shells, sometimes simply known as cones, (family Conidae), are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, sophisticated predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ... Orders Sepiida Sepiolida Spirulida Teuthida Octopoda Vampyromorphida Nautilida The Cephalopods (head-foot) are the mollusc class Cephalopoda characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a modification of the mollusc foot into the form of arms or tentacles. ... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Octopus (disambiguation). ... Orders and Families †Vasseuriina †Vasseuriidae †Belosepiellidae Sepiina †Belosaepiidae Sepiadariidae Sepiidae Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses). ... For the characters from System Shock 2, see The Many. ...

Development passes through one or two trochophore stages, one of which, (the veliger), is unique to the group. These larval stages suggest a close relationship between the molluscs and various other protostomes, notably the Annelids. trochophore A - episphere B - hyposphere 1 - ganglia 2 - apical tuft 3 - prototroch 4 - metatroch 5 - nephridium 6 - anus 8 - gastrointestinal tract 9 - buccal opening 10 - blastocoele A trochophore (or trocophore) is a type of larva with several bands of cilia. ... The free-swimming larva of certain marine gastropods. ... For the characters from System Shock 2, see The Many. ...

Molluscs, because of their shells, have left an excellent fossil record, and are found from the Cambrian onwards. The oldest fossil species seems to be Odontogriphus omalus, found in the Burgess Shale. It lived about 500 million years ago. For other uses, see Cambrian (disambiguation). ... Odontogriphus (literally toothed riddle) is a genus of relatively large animals from the middle Cambrian fossil deposits of the Burgess Shale in British Columbia. ... Hallucigenia sparsa, one of the organisms unique to the Burgess Shale. ...

The giant squid, which until recently had not been observed alive in its adult form,^[4] is one of the largest invertebrates; however the colossal squid is even larger. This article is about the animal. ... Binomial name Robson, 1925 The Colossal Squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni), sometimes called the Antarctic or Giant Cranch Squid, is believed to be the largest squid species. ...

Classification

There are ten classes of molluscs, eight are still living, the others are known only from fossils. These classes make up the 250,000 and more species of mollusc: A class is the rank in the scientific classification of organisms in biology below Phylum and above Order. ...

• Class Caudofoveata (deep-sea wormlike creatures; 70 known species); now generally recognized as a subclass of Aplacophora.
• Class Aplacophora (solenogasters, deep-sea wormlike creatures; 250 species)
• Class Polyplacophora (chitons; 600 species, rocky marine shorelines)
• Class Monoplacophora (deep-sea limpet-like creatures; 11 living species)
• Class Bivalvia (also Pelecypoda) (clams, oysters, scallops, mussels; 8,000 species)
• Class Scaphopoda (tusk shells; 350 species, all marine)
• Class Gastropoda (sea snails with shells, such as abalone, limpets, conch, etc, and marine snails without a shell or with a reduced shell, such as nudibranchs, sea hares; sea angel, sea butterfly, sea lemon etc; land snails and slugs, freshwater snails, total estimated at 40,000 - 150,000 species)
• Class Cephalopoda (squid, octopodes, nautilus, cuttlefish; 786 species, all marine)
• Class † Rostroconchia (fossils; probably more than 1,000 species; probable ancestors of bivalves)
• Class † Helcionelloida (fossils; snail-like creatures such as Latouchella)

Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

Main article: Evolution of Mollusca

Brusca & Brusca (1990) suggest that the bivalves and scaphopods are sister groups, as are the gastropods and cephalopods, so indicated in the relationship diagram above. Families Chaetodermatidae Limifossoridae Prochaetodermatidae Caudofoveata is a small class of the phylum mollusca, also known as Chaetodermomorpha. ... Subclasses and families Subclass Chaetodermomorpha (Caudofoveata) Family Chaetodermidae Family Falcidentidae Family Limifossoridae Family Metachaetodermatidae Family Prochaetodermatidae Family Scutopidae Subclass Neomeniomorpha (Solenogastres) Family Acanthomeniidae Family Amphimeniidae Family Dondersiidae Family Drepanomeniidae Family Epimeniidae Family Gymnomeniidae Family Hemimeniidae Family Heteroherpiidae Family Imeroherpiidae Family Lepidomeniidae Family Macellomeniidae Family Meiomeniidae Family Neomeniidae Family Perimeniidae Family... Lined Chiton (Tonicella lineata) Chitons, also called polyplacophorans and rarely polyplacophores, are 860 species of molluscs of the Class Polyplacophora. ... Orders Cyrtonellida Tryblidiida Pelagiellida Monoplacophora is a class of mollusks thought to be extinct until April 1952, when a living animal was dredged up from deep marine sediments in the Middle America Trench off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and named Neopilina by its discoverer, Danish biologist Dr. Henning... Subclasses Anomalosdesmata Cryptodonta Heterodonta Paleoheterodonta Palaeotaxodonta Pteriomorphia and see text Mussels in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, England. ... For other uses, see Clam (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Oyster (disambiguation). ... Genera See text. ... Subclasses Pteriomorpha (marine mussels) Palaeoheterodonta (freshwater mussels) Heterodonta (zebra mussels) The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of clams or bivalve molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats. ... Orders Dentaliida Gadilida The tusk shells are a class Scaphopoda of marine mollusks distinguished by curved tubular shells open at both ends, resembling a elephants tusk (thus the name). ... Subclasses Eogastropoda (True Limpets and relatives) Orthogastropoda The gastropods, also previously known as gasteropods, or univalves, and more commonly known as snails and slugs, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 known living species. ... Species Many, see species section. ... Suborders and families See text. ... Species Strombus gigas Strombus luhuanus Strombus pugilis Strombus tricornis Strombus canarium Strombus dolomena Strombus gibberulus Strombus conomurex Strombus lentigo Strombus doxander Strombus urceus Strombus fragilis Strombus gallus Strombus dentatus Strombus marginatus Strombus raninus Strombus buvonius A conch (pronounced in the U.S.A. as konk or conch, IPA: or ) [1... A nudibranch (pronounced ) common name sea slug, is any member of a suborder of soft-bodied, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks noted for their often extraordinary colors and striking forms. ... Families Superfamily Akeroidea Akeridae Superfamily Aplysioidea Aplysiidae Sea hares (also called sea slugs) are small marine gastropod molluscs of the suborder Anaspidea (P. Fisher, 1883) in the subclass Orthogastropoda, class Gastropoda, phylum Mollusca. ... Families Clionidae Cliopsidae Hermaeidae Hydromylidae Laginiopsidae Notobranchaeidae Pneumodermatidae Thliptodontidae Sea angels are small pteropod mollusks of the suborder Gymnosomata. ... Families Limacinidae Cavoliniidae Clioidae Creseidae Cuvierinidae Praecuvierinidae Peraclididae Cymbuliidae Desmopteridae Sea butterflies, or flapping snails, are holoplanktonic mollusks (Mollusca, Gastropoda), belonging to the suborder Thecosomata (Blainville, 1824). ... Genera Alliodoris Anisodoris Archidoris Artachaea Austrodoris Doridium Doris Siraius The Sea Lemon is a large (up to 20 cm) flattened oval marine nudibranch without a shell. ... For other uses, see Snail (disambiguation). ... This article is about land slugs. ... Orders Subclass Nautiloidea †Plectronocerida †Ellesmerocerida †Actinocerida †Pseudorthocerida †Endocerida †Tarphycerida †Oncocerida †Discosorida Nautilida †Orthocerida †Ascocerida †Bactritida Subclass †Ammonoidea †Goniatitida †Ceratitida †Ammonitida Subclass Coleoidea †Belemnoidea †Aulacocerida †Belemnitida †Hematitida †Phragmoteuthida Neocoleoidea (most living cephalopods) ?†Boletzkyida Sepiida Sepiolida Spirulida Teuthida Octopoda Vampyromorphida The cephalopods (Greek plural (kephalópoda); head-foot) are the mollusc class... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Octopus (disambiguation). ... Genera Allonautilus Nautilus Nautilus (from Greek ναυτίλος, sailor) is the common name of any marine creatures of the cephalopod family Nautilidae, the sole family of the suborder Nautilina. ... Orders and Families †Vasseuriina †Vasseuriidae †Belosepiellidae Sepiina †Belosaepiidae Sepiadariidae Sepiidae Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses). ... Orders See text The Rostroconchia is a class of extinct mollusks dating from the early Cambrian to the late Permian. ... Species (type)  ?  ? Latouchella is an extinct genus of mollusc. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixel Image in higher resolution (1465 × 977 pixel, file size: 302 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Originally uploaded to German Wikipedia by Benutzer:Beckmannjan here. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixel Image in higher resolution (1465 × 977 pixel, file size: 302 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Originally uploaded to German Wikipedia by Benutzer:Beckmannjan here. ... Binomial name Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Synonyms Octopus vulgaris Lamarck, 1798 Octopus rugosus Bosc, 1792 The Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is the most studied of all octopus species. ... Simplified relationship diagram of molluscs evolution: Cladogram shows hypothetical molluscs evolution. ...

In this phylum's level of organization, organ systems from all three primary germ layers can be found: Organs derived from each germ layer. ...

1. Nervous System (with brain).
2. Excretory System (nephridium or nephridia).
3. Circulatory System (open circulatory system - except cephalopods which are closed).
4. Respiratory System (gills or lungs).

All major molluscan groups possess a skeleton, though it has been lost evolutionarily in some members of the phylum. It is probable that the pre-Cambrian ancestor of the molluscs had calcium carbonate spicules embedded in its mantle and outer tissues, as is the case in some modern members. The skeleton, if present, is primarily external and composed of calcium carbonate (aragonite or calcite). The snail or gastropod shell is perhaps the best known molluscan shell, but many pulmonate and opisthobranch snails have secondarily reduced and internalized shells, or have lost the shell completely. The bivalve or clam shell consists of two pieces (valves), articulated by muscles and an elastic hinge. The cephalopod shell was ancestrally external and chambered, as exemplified by the ammonoids and nautiloids, and still possessed by Nautilus today. Other cephalopods, such as cuttlefish, have internalized the shell, the squid have mostly organic chitinous internal shells, and the octopods have lost the shell altogether. Nephridia are invertebrate organs which function similarly to kidneys. ... For other uses, see Gill (disambiguation). ... Human respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The Precambrian or Cryptozoic is the period of the geologic timescale from the formation of Earth around 4500 million years before the present (BP) to the evolution of abundant macroscopic hard-shelled fossils, which marked the beginning of the Cambrian, some 542 million years BP. Remarkably little is known about...

Dangerous mollusca

A very small minority of molluscs can represent a serious risk to humans under the wrong circumstances.

All octopuses are venomous^[5] but only a few species pose a significant threat to humans, such as octopuses in the genus Haplochlaena which have a very poisonous bite. A few of the larger tropical cone snail species have a very poisonous sting. These bites and stings can sometimes be fatal. Species See text. ... Genera Asprella Chelyconus Conus Floraconus Leptoconus The cone snails or cone shells, sometimes simply known as cones, (family Conidae), are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large, sophisticated predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ...

Some people are severely allergic to shellfish as a food item. However, even for people without these allergies, clams can sometimes be risky to eat. When there is a "red tide", or other blooms of noxious plankton, or when there are high concentrations of bacteria in the water from sewage run-off, bivalves such as clams and mussels can temporarily become very problematic as a food source. This is because bivalves are filter-feeders, and thus they can concentrate toxins from floating microorganisms within their tissues. A red tide off the coast of La Jolla, California. ... For the SpongeBob SquarePants character, see Plankton (SpongeBob SquarePants). ...

The traditional idea that the giant clam can trap the leg of a person between its valves, thus drowning them, has been shown to be a myth. Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The giant clam (Tridacna gigas) or traditionally, pa’ua, is the largest living bivalve mollusc. ...

Despite its name, the disease molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus, and is not connected with molluscs in any way. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes. ... This article is about biological infectious particles. ...

See also

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References

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General references

External links

• - 210,000 mollusca pictures.
• Hardy's Internet Guide to Marine Gastropods
• Molluscs in captivity