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The organ is a keyboard instrument played using one or more manuals and a pedalboard. It uses wind moving through metal or wood pipes to produce sound, which remains constant while a key is depressed. Its sounds, which vary widely in timbre and volume, are divided according to ranks and controlled by the use of stops. The keyboard is not expressive and does not affect dynamics. Organs vary greatly in size, ranging from a cubic yard to a height reaching five floors[1] , and are located primarily in churches, concert halls, and homes. The organ is one of the oldest musical instruments in the Western musical tradition, and carries a rich history connected with Christian liturgy and civic ceremony. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1163x1333, 422 KB) Prospect of the Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Own photography File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Pipe organ Organ (music) Metadata This...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1163x1333, 422 KB) Prospect of the Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Own photography File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Pipe organ Organ (music) Metadata This...
For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ...
Piano, a well-known instance of keyboard instruments A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a musical keyboard. ...
A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. ...
The 30-note pedalboard of a Rieger organ with expression pedal and coupler switches. ...
The choir division of the organ at St. ...
Keyboard expression often shortened to expression is the ability of the keyboard of a keyboard instrument to respond to the dynamics of the music. ...
In music, dynamics refers to the volume or loudness of the sound or note, in particular to the range from soft (quiet) to loud. ...
A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ...
Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ...
// Partial list of Christian liturgies (past and present) Roman Catholic church (churches in communion with the Holy See of the Bishop of Rome) Latin Rite Novus Ordo Missae Tridentine Mass Anglican Use Mozarabic Rite Ambrosian Rite Gallican Rite Eastern Rite, e. ...
The term "organ" may be applied to a variety of instruments which do not have all of the traits listed above. The most well-known type of organ is the pipe organ, described above and used in most church services and classical music concerts. Another prevalent type is the electronic organ, which does not have pipes and generates its electronically-produced sound through one or more loudspeakers; these are often intended to be replacements for pipe organs but are also performed in genres ranging from rock to jazz. There are many other instruments that also may be considered organs, and these are used in many different ways. Organs are performed upon by organists and are built and maintained by organ builders. Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany // The pipe organ (Greek ὄÏγανον, órganon) is a musical instrument that produces sound by admitting pressurized air through a series of pipes. ...
The classic Hammond electronic organ, invented in the 1930s and popular for decades thereafter. ...
“Loudspeaker†redirects here. ...
An organist is a musician who plays the organ, whether pipe or electronic. ...
An organ builder builds and maintains organs. ...
[edit] Pipe organs See the main article at pipe organ for more details and history. Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany // The pipe organ (Greek ὄÏγανον, órganon) is a musical instrument that produces sound by admitting pressurized air through a series of pipes. ...
 Modern style pipe organ at the concert hall of Aletheia University in Matou, Taiwan The pipe organ is the grandest musical instrument in size and scope, and has been around in its current form since the 14th century (though other designs, such as the hydraulic organ, were already used in Antiquity). Along with the clock, it was considered one of the most complex man-made creations before the Industrial Revolution. Organs (the "pipe" designation is generally assumed) range in size from a single short keyboard to huge instruments which can have over 10,000 pipes. A large modern organ typically has three or four manuals with five octaves (61 notes) each, with a two-and-a-half octave (32-note) pedalboard. Image File history File linksMetadata Kaltenbrunnerorgantaiwan. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Kaltenbrunnerorgantaiwan. ...
Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany // The pipe organ (Greek ὄÏγανον, órganon) is a musical instrument that produces sound by admitting pressurized air through a series of pipes. ...
A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ...
Hydraulis is an early type of pipe organ that operated by converting the dynamic energy of water (hydor) into air pressure to drive the pipes. ...
The times before writing belong either to protohistory or to prehistory. ...
A clock (from the Latin cloca, bell) is an instrument for measuring time. ...
A Watt steam engine. ...
An organ pipe is one of the tuned resonators that produces the main sound of a pipe organ. ...
A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. ...
The 30-note pedalboard of a Rieger organ with expression pedal and coupler switches. ...
[edit] Church organs The principal purpose of most organs in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand is to play in Christian and Reform Jewish religious services. An organ used for this purpose is generally called a church organ. The introduction of church organs is traditionally attributed to Pope Vitalian in the seventh century. Due to its ability to simultaneously provide a musical foundation below the vocal register, support in the vocal register, and increased brightness above the vocal register, the organ is ideally suited to accompany human voices, whether a congregation, a choir or a cantor or soloist. Most services also include solo organ repertoire for independent performance rather than by way of accompaniment, often as a prelude at the beginning the service and a postlude at the conclusion of the service. Vitalianus (died January 27, 672) was Pope from 657 - 672. ...
The human voice consists of sound made by a human using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, screaming. ...
A congregation is the group of members who make up a local Christian church or Jewish synagogue (or those who are present at a service thereat), as opposed to the building itself. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
// Rennaisance The earliest surviving organ compositions are from Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, which shared a common style due to musicians travelling among the three countries. ...
Today this organ may be a pipe organ (see above), or it may be an electronic organ which synthesizes the sound with computer chips. It may be called a church organ or classical organ to differentiate it from the theatre organ, which is a distinctly different instrument. However, as classical organ repertoire was developed for the pipe organ and in turn influenced its development, the line between a church and a concert organ is hard to draw. Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany // The pipe organ (Greek ὄÏγανον, órganon) is a musical instrument that produces sound by admitting pressurized air through a series of pipes. ...
The classic Hammond electronic organ, invented in the 1930s and popular for decades thereafter. ...
A theatre organ is a pipe organ or an electronic organ designed specifically for imitation of the orchestra. ...
// Rennaisance The earliest surviving organ compositions are from Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, which shared a common style due to musicians travelling among the three countries. ...
[edit] Concert organs Organs are used to give concerts, called organ recitals. Generally, any instrument of a large enough size (twenty ranks or more) outside of a church is a concert organ. In the early twentieth century, symphonic organs flourished in secular venues in the U.S. and UK, designed to replace symphony orchestras by playing transcriptions of orchestral pieces. Organ Recital A discussion carried on by senior citizens, at a social gathering, covering the various conditions of ones organs. ...
The symphonic organ is a style of pipe organ which flourished during the first third of the twentieth century in town halls and other secular public venues (particularly in the United States and the UK). ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
[edit] Theatre organs The theatre organ or cinema organ is designed to accompany silent movies. Like a symphonic organ, it is made to replace an orchestra. However, it includes many more gadgets, such as percussions and special effects, to provide a more complete array of options to the theatre organist. Theatre organs tend not to take nearly as much space as standard organs, relying on extension and higher wind pressures to produce a greater variety of tone and larger volume of sound from fewer pipes. This extension is called "unification", meaning that instead of one pipe for each key at all pitches, the higher octaves of pitch (and in some cases, lower octaves) are achieved by merely adding 12 pipes (one octave) to the top and/or bottom of a given division. Since there are sixty-one keys on an organ manual, a classical or concert organ will have, for diapason stops at 8', 4' and 2' pitch, a total of 183 pipes (61 times 3). The same chorus of diapasons on a theatre organ will have only 85 pipes, or 61 plus 12, plus 12. Some ranks, such as the Tibia Clausa, with up to 97 pipes, allow the organist to draw stops at 16', 8', 4', 2', and mutations from a single rank of pipes. A theatre organ is a pipe organ or an electronic organ designed specifically for imitation of the orchestra. ...
This article is about the comedy film. ...
An extension organ is a pipe organ that uses one or more ranks of pipes longer then the length of its keyboards to serve several different organ stops at different pitches. ...
The Tibia Clausa is one of the foundation ranks and arguably the most important rank of pipes in a theatre pipe organ. ...
Unification gives a smaller instrument the capability of a much larger one, and works well for monophonic styles of playing (chordal, or chords with solo voice). The sound is, however, thicker and more homogenous than a classically-designed organ, and does not work very well for polyphonic music unless a larger number of reed stops and chromatic percussions are added. Unification also allows pipe ranks to be played from more than one manual and the pedals.
[edit] Electronic organs See the main article at electronic organ for more details and history. The classic Hammond electronic organ, invented in the 1930s and popular for decades thereafter. ...
Since the 1930s, pipeless electric instruments have been available to produce similar sounds and perform similar roles to pipe organs. Many of these have been bought both by houses of worship and other potential pipe organ customers, and also by many musicians both professional and amateur for whom a pipe organ would not be a possibility. Far smaller and cheaper to buy than a corresponding pipe instrument, and in many cases portable, they have taken organ music into private homes and into dance bands and other new environments, and have almost completely replaced the reed organ.
[edit] Hammond organs The Hammond organ was the first successful electric organ, released in the 1930s. It used mechanical, rotating tonewheels to produce the sound waveforms. Its system of drawbars allowed for setting volumes for specific sounds, and provided vibrato-like effects. The drawbars allow the player to choose volume levels of 1-8 for each of the members of the harmonic series starting from 16'. By emphasizing certain harmonics from the overtone series, desired sounds (such as 'brass' or 'string') can be imitated. Generally, a Hammond organ is fed through a Leslie speaker, which is a popular rotary speaker. The three most popular models of Hammond organs are the B-3, the C-3, and A-100. All three are identical on the inside, but are different in appearance. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Though originally produced to replace organs in the church, the Hammond organ, more specifically the B-3, became popular in jazz, particularly soul jazz, and in gospel music. Since these were the roots of rock and roll, the Hammond organ became a part of the rock and roll sound. It was widely used in rock and popular music during the 1960s and 1970s. Its popularity resurged in pop music around 2000, in part due to the availability of clonewheel organs that were light enough for one person to carry. Jazz is a style of music which originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States at around the start of the 20th century. ...
Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong blues and gospel influences in music for small groups featuring keyboards, especially the Hammond organ. ...
Gospel music refers to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the first quarter of the twentieth century or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by predominately white Southern Gospel artists. ...
Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ...
2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A Clonewheel organ is a musical instrument that emulates the sound of the tonewheel organs formerly manufactured by Hammond, using sampling and digital signal processing. ...
[edit] Other organs Frequency divider organs used oscillators instead of mechanical parts to make sound. These were even cheaper and more portable than the Hammond. They featured an ability to bend pitches. Oscillation is the periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure as seen, for example, in a swinging pendulum. ...
In the 1940s until the 1970s, small organs were sold that simplified traditional organ stops. These instruments can be considered the predecessor to modern portable keyboards, as they included one-touch chords, rhythm and accompaniment devices, and other electronically assisted gadgets. Lowrey was the leading manufacturer of this type of organs. The choir division of the organ at St. ...
The layout of a typical musical keyboard A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers on a musical instrument which cause the instrument to produce sounds. ...
In the '60s and '70s, a type of simple, portable electronic organ called the combo organ was popular, especially with pop and rock bands, and was a signature sound in the pop music of the period, such as The Doors, Led Zeppelin, and Iron Butterfly. The most popular combo organs were manufactured by Farfisa and Vox. A combo organ is a type of electronic organ generally produced between the early 1960s and the late 1970s. ...
The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 (see 1965 in music) in Los Angeles by keyboardist Ray Manzarek, vocalist Jim Morrison, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger. ...
For the bands 1969 self-titled debut album, see Led Zeppelin (album). ...
Iron butterfly is also a name for an options-trading strategy. ...
Farfisa is a brand name for a series of electronic organs and later multitimbral keyboards, made in Ancona in the Marche region of Italy. ...
Vox is the Latin word for voice. ...
[edit] Digital organs The development of the integrated circuit enabled another revolution in electronic keyboard instruments. Electronic organs sold since the 1980s utilize sampling to produce the sound. Integrated circuit showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips with a transparent window showing the integrated circuit inside. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...
Also available are hybrids, incorporating a few ranks of pipes to produce some sounds, and using digital samples for other sounds and to resolve borrowing collisions. Major manufacturers include Allen Organ, Phoenix, Baldwin, Content, Copeman Hart, Eminent, Johannus, Makin, Rodgers, Viscount, Wersi Organs, and Wyvern. Allen Organ Company, formed in 1939 by Jerome Markowitz, is located in Macungie, Pennsylvania, It is one of the worlds largest builders of electronic and digital organs. ...
Phoenix Organs, formed in 1998, custom build digital organs in the pipe organ tradition. ...
Rodgers Instruments designs and manufacturers classical organs, using digital technology and sometimes incorporating traditional wind blown pipes. ...
[edit] Reed organs
 An electrically blown reed chord organ. The reed organ was the other main type of organ before the development of electronic organs. It generated its sounds using reeds similar to those of a piano accordion. Smaller, cheaper and more portable than the corresponding pipe instrument, these were widely used in smaller churches and in private homes, but their volume and tonal range was extremely limited, and they were generally limited to one or two manuals, pedalboards being extremely rare. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x618, 96 KB)A toy organ with displacement sensitive keys. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x618, 96 KB)A toy organ with displacement sensitive keys. ...
A reed organ is an organ that generates its sounds using free metal reeds, similar to an accordion. ...
Piano accordion A piano accordion is a type of accordion having a right-hand keyboard similar to a piano. ...
A development of the reed organ was the chord organ, which provided chord buttons for the left hand, again similar to a piano accordion in concept. A few chord organs were later built using frequency divider technology. A chord organ is an air-powered musical instrument. ...
[edit] Organ music
[edit] Classical music See the main article at organ repertoire for details on specific countries and styles. // Rennaisance The earliest surviving organ compositions are from Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, which shared a common style due to musicians travelling among the three countries. ...
The organ has had an important place in classical music throughout its history. Antonio de Cabezón, Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, and Girolamo Frescobaldi were three of the most important composers and teachers before 1650. Influenced by these composers, the North German school then rose to prominence with notable composers including Dieterich Buxtehude and especially Johann Sebastian Bach, considered by many to have achieved the height of organ composition. During this time, the French Classical school also flourished. Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ...
Antonio de Cabezón (1510–March 26, 1566) was a Spanish composer and organist of the Renaissance. ...
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562–October 16, 1621) was a Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. ...
Girolamo Frescobaldi (September, 1583 – March 1, 1643) was an Italian musician, one of the most important composers of keyboard music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. ...
The only surviving portrait of Buxtehude, from a 1674 painting by Johannes Voorhout. ...
Places in which Bach resided throughout his life Johann Sebastian Bach (pronounced ) (21 March 1685 O.S. – 28 July 1750 N.S.) was a prolific German composer and keyboard virtuoso whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and...
After Bach, the organ's prominence gradually lost ground to the piano. Felix Mendelssohn, A.P.F. Boëly, and César Franck led a resurgence in the mid-1800s, leading a Romantic movement that would be carried further by Max Reger, Charles-Marie Widor, Louis Vierne, and others. In the 20th century, composers such as Marcel Dupré and Olivier Messiaen added significant contributions to the organ repertoire. Organ music continues to be composed. A short grand piano, with the top up. ...
Felix Mendelssohn at the age of 30 Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and known generally as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3, 1809 – November 4, 1847) was a German composer and conductor of the early Romantic period. ...
Alexandre Pierre François Boëly Alexandre Pierre François Boëly (b. ...
César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (December 10, 1822 – November 8, 1890), a composer, organist and music teacher of Belgian origin who lived in France, was one of the great figures in classical music in the second half of the 19th century. ...
The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ...
Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger (March 19, 1873 – May 11, 1916) was a German composer, organist, pianist and teacher. ...
Charles-Marie Jean Albert Widor (February 21, 1844 – March 12, 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher. ...
Louis Victor Jules Vierne, (October 8, 1870–June 2, 1937) was a French organist and composer. ...
Marcel Dupré Marcel Dupré (May 3, 1886–May 30, 1971), was a French organist, pianist, composer, and pedagogue. ...
Olivier Messiaen It has been suggested that List of students of Olivier Messiaen be merged into this article or section. ...
Because the organ has both manuals and pedals, most organ music is notated on three staves. The music played on the manuals is laid out like music for other keyboard instruments on the top two staves, and the music for the pedals is notated on the third, bottom, stave. To aid the eye in reading so many staves at once, the bar lines are broken between the lowest two staves. The larger number of staves often makes organ music published in landscape format more convenient than the more commonly used portrait format, and for this reason many publishers print organ music in landscape format. In musical notation, the staff or stave is a set of five horizontal lines on which note symbols are placed to indicate pitch and time. ...
In musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration. ...
[edit] Soap operas From their creation on radio in the 1930s to the times of television in the early 1970s, soap operas were perhaps the biggest users of organ music. Day in and day out, the melodramatic serials utilized the instrument in the background of scenes and in their opening and closing theme songs. Some of the best-known soap organists included Charles Paul, John Gart, and Paul Barranco. In the early 1970s, the organ was phased out in favor of more dramatic, full-blown orchestras, which in turn were replaced with more modern pop-style compositions. The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...
The first TIME cover devoted to soap operas: Dated January 12, 1976, Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes of Days of Our Lives are featured with the headline Soap Operas: Sex and suffering in the afternoon. A soap opera is an ongoing, episodic work of fiction, usually broadcast on television...
Charles Paul is an American composer and organist, most known for his musical accompaniment on radio and television. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...
Orchestra at City Hall (Edmonton). ...
For popular music (music produced commercially rather than art or folk music), see Popular music. ...
The electronic organ, especially the Hammond B-3, has occupied a significant role in jazz ever since Jimmy Smith made it popular in the 1950s. It can function as a replacement for both piano and bass in the standard jazz combo. Jazz is a style of music which originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States at around the start of the 20th century. ...
A young Jimmy Smith, on the 1958 album House Party Jimmy Smith, nicknamed The Incredible Jimmy Smith, (December 8, 1925 – February 8, 2005) was a jazz musician whose Hammond B-3 electric organ performances helped to popularize this instrument. ...
[edit] Similar instruments
 A harmonium. Operation of the two large pedals at the bottom of the case supplies wind to the reeds. - Early instruments
- the Hydraulos, ancient Greek water-powered instrument (see water organ)
- the Magrepha, ancient Hebrew organ
- the portative organ, a small portable medieval instrument
- the positive organ, a somewhat larger though still portable medieval instrument
- Hand- or foot-powered instruments
- the accordion and concertina, in which the bellows is operated by the squeezing action of the instrumentalist;
- the Harmonium or parlor organ, a reed instrument usually with many stops and two foot-operated bellows which the instrumentalist operates alternately;
- the melodeon, a reed instrument with an air reservoir and a foot operated bellows, popular in the USA in the mid-19th century;
- Entertainment instruments
- the barrel organ, made famous by the organ grinder in its portable form, and relatively invisible in its larger form because it was then often fitted out with keyboards to give the option for an entirely human performance
- the steam calliope, a pipe organ operated on steam rather than air;
- the fairground organ, a pipe organ which uses mechanical means instead of a keyboard to play a prepared song.
- various sorts of novelty instruments operating on the same principles
- Mouth-played instruments
Image File history File links Footpropelled_organ. ...
Image File history File links Footpropelled_organ. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
A portative organ (or portatif organ) was a small medieval organ carried by the performer, who manipulated the bellows with one hand and fingered the keys with the other. ...
A positive organ (or portable organ) was a medieval chamber organ that could be carried from place to place without being taken to pieces. ...
This article is about the instrument as a whole. ...
English concertina made by Wheatstone around 1920 A concertina, like the various accordions, is a member of the free-reed family of instruments. ...
Hand bellows The bellows is a device for delivering pressured air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. ...
A Harmonium or Reed Organ is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a pipe organ. ...
The terms melodeon and melodion can refer to any of several related musical instruments of the free reed aerophone family: A type of 19th century reed organ with a foot-operated vacuum bellows, and a piano keyboard. ...
A barrel organ player in Vienna, Austria. ...
An Austrian organ grinder (locally called Werklmann) with his paper-roll driven Berlin style barrel organ in Vienna The organ grinder was a musical novelty street performer of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century, and refers to the operator of a street organ. ...
Circus calliope, lithograph by Gibson & Co. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
A harmonica is a free reed musical wind instrument (also known, among other things, as a mouth organ, french harp, simply harp, or Mississippi saxophone), having multiple, variably-tuned brass or bronze reeds, each secured at one end over an airway slot of like dimension into which it can freely...
Pan pipes (also known as the panflute or the syrinx or quills) is an ancient musical instrument based on the principle of the stopped pipe, consisting usually of ten or more pipes of gradually increasing length. ...
A piper playing the Great Highland Bagpipe. ...
[edit] See also Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany // The pipe organ (Greek ὄÏγανον, órganon) is a musical instrument that produces sound by admitting pressurized air through a series of pipes. ...
The classic Hammond electronic organ, invented in the 1930s and popular for decades thereafter. ...
A Street organ is a mechanical organ designed to play in the street. ...
An organist is a musician who plays the organ, whether pipe or electronic. ...
// Rennaisance The earliest surviving organ compositions are from Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands, which shared a common style due to musicians travelling among the three countries. ...
Organ Recital A discussion carried on by senior citizens, at a social gathering, covering the various conditions of ones organs. ...
The following is a list of notable organ composers, people who wrote for the organ and contributed significantly to the organ repertoire. ...
This is a list of famous and notable organists. ...
In the field of acoustics, a tone is created by the periodic vibrations of air. ...
In the field of acoustics, a tone is created by the periodic vibrations of air applied to a resonator. ...
A view of the Grand Court in Macys department store in Philadelphia. ...
[edit] External links Streaming media is just-in-time delivery of multimedia information. ...
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