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A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table. The periodic table of the chemical elements, also called the Mendeleev periodic table, is a tabular display of the known chemical elements. ... A chemical element, often called simply element, is the class of atoms which contain the same number of protons. ... It is no accident that several of these correspond directly to chemical series: the periodic table was originally created to organize the known chemical series into a single coherent scheme. A chemical series is a group of chemical elements whose physical and chemical characteristics vary progressively from one end of the series to another. ... The modern explanation of the pattern of the periodic table is that the elements in a group have similar configurations of the outermost electron shells of their atoms: as most chemical properties are dominated by outer electron interactions, this tends to give elements in the same group similar physical and chemical properties. In atomic physics, an electron shell is a group of atomic orbitals with the same value of the principal quantum number n. ... 1) A physical property is an aspect of an object that can be experienced using one of the five human senses: touch, taste, smell, sight or sound, or, in an extended sense, detected through any measuring device. ... The phrase Chemical property is context driven, but generally refers to the materials behaviour at standard conditions ( room temperature, 1 atmosphere pressure, oxygen bearing atmosphere). ... Group numbers There are three ways of numbering the groups of the periodic table, one using Arabic numerals and the other two using Roman numerals. The Roman numeral names are the original traditional names of the groups; the Arabic numeral names are those recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to replace the old names in an attempt to reduce the confusion generated by the two older, but mutually confusing, schemes. Arabic numerals (also called Hindu numerals or Indian numerals ) are the most common set of symbols used to represent numbers. ... The system of Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, and was adapted from Etruscan numerals. ... IUPAC logo The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ... There is considerable confusion surrounding the two old systems in use (old IUPAC and CAS) that combined the use of Roman numerals with letters. In the old IUPAC system the letters A and B were designated to the left (A) and right (B) part of the table, while in the CAS system the letters A and B were designated to main group elements (A) and transition elements (B). The former system was frequently used in Europe while the latter was most common in America. The new IUPAC scheme was developed to replace both systems as they confusingly used the same names to mean different things. The periodic table groups are as follows (in the brackets are shown the old systems: European and American): Group 1 (IA,IA): the alkali metals Group 2 (IIA,IIA): the alkaline earth metals Group 3 (IIIA,IIIB) Group 4 (IVA,IVAB) Group 5 (VA,VB) Group 6 (VIA,VIB) Group 7 (VIIA,VIIB) Group 8 (VIII) Group 9 (VIII) Group 10 (VIII) Group 11 (IB,IB): the coinage metals (not a IUPAC-recommended name) Group 12 (IIB,IIB) Group 13 (IIIB,IIIA): the boron group Group 14 (IVB,IVA): the carbon group Group 15 (VB,VA): the pnictogens (not a IUPAC-recommended name) or nitrogen group Group 16 (VIB,VIA): the chalcogens Group 17 (VIIB,VIIA): the halogens Group 18 (Group 0): the noble gases Note: Wikipedia style should be to replace the old names of the groups with the new IUPAC names throughout, with a historical mention of the old name where appropriate. The alkali metals are a chemical series. ... The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen: that is, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 of the periodic table: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium (not always considered due to its very short half-life). ... The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra) (not always considered due to its very short half-life and its radioactive characteristics). ... A Group 3 element is an element in periodic table group 3 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: scandium (21) yttrium (39) lanthanum (57) - lutetium (71) actinium (89) - lawrencium (103) All of these elements are classed in Group 3 because their outer shell holds three electrons. ... A Group 4 element is an element in periodic table group 4 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: titanium (22) zirconium (40) hafnium (72) rutherfordium (104) All of these elements are classed in Group 4 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 5 element is the series of elements in group 5 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and dubnium (Db). ... The group 6 in the periodic table consists of the elements chromium (24) molybdenum (42) tungsten (74) seaborgium (106) Group 6 is the new IUPAC name for this group, the old style name was group VIA in the old European system or group VIB in the old US system. ... A Group 7 element is an element in periodic table group 7 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: manganese (25) technetium (43) rhenium (75) bohrium (107) All of these elements are classed in Group 7 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 8 element is an element in periodic table group 8 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: Iron (26) Ruthenium (44) Osmium (76) Hassium (108) All of these elements are classed in Group 8 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... The Group 9 elements are: Cobalt (27) Rhodium (45) Iridium (77) Meitnerium (109) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Group 10 elements are: Nickel (28) Palladium (46) Platinum (78) Darmstadtium (110) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Group 11 Elements (IB) of the periodic table consist of the traditional coinage metals of copper, silver, and gold. ... The Group 11 Elements (IB) of the periodic table consist of the traditional coinage metals of copper, silver, and gold. ... The Group 12 elements are: Zinc (30) Cadmium (48) Mercury (80) Ununbium (112) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid but mercury is liquid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Boron group is periodic table group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The Boron group is periodic table group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The group 15 elements(a. ... The group 15 elements(a. ... The Nitrogen group is also known as IUPAC Group 15 (formerly Group V) of the periodic table. ... The chalcogens are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ... The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ... The halogens are a chemical series. ... For the halogen light bulb, click here. ... The noble gases are a chemical series. ... The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table. ... Periodic tables The periodic table of the chemical elements, also called the Mendeleev periodic table, is a tabular display of the known chemical elements. ... Standard table | Vertical table | Table with names | Names and atomic masses (large) | Names and atomic masses (small) | Names and atomic masses (text only) | Inline F-block | Elements to 218 | Electron configurations | Metals and non metals | Table by blocks Lists of Elements Name | Atomic symbol | Atomic number | Boiling point | Melting point | Density | Atomic mass Groups:   1 -  2 -  3 -  4 -  5 -  6 -  7 -  8 -  9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 Periods:  1  -  2  -  3  -  4  -  5  -  6  -  7  -  8  -  9 Series:   Alkalis  -  Alkaline earths  -  Lanthanides  -  Actinides  -  Transition metals  -  Poor metals  -  Metalloids  -  Nonmetals  -  Halogens  -  Noble gases Blocks:  s-block  -  p-block  -  d-block  -  f-block  -  g-block Categories: Periodic table | Chemical element groups State at standard temperature and pressure those numbered in red are gases those numbered in green are liquids those numbered in black are solid Natural occurrence those without borders have not been discovered/synthesized yet those with dotted borders do not occur naturally (Synthetic elements) those with dashed borders naturally... The Alternate Table is a periodic table perpendicularly rotated counterclockwise, hence like in many writing systems, the lower groups are to the left and the number increases to the right. ... ... The large version of the periodic table set out below does not fit into some computer screens; however, with a small font size and/or in landscape mode, it may be possible to print this periodic table on one or two normal-size sheets of paper. ... The Detailed Table is a smaller version of the Huge Table. ... The text-only table is a version of the Huge Table designed for printing atomic mass data. ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those numbered in green are gases at STP; those numbered in black are solid at STP; those numbered in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... This extended periodic table was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. ... ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by name and color coded according to type of element. ... This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the current symbols used to identify the chemical elements as recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, as well as proposed and historical symbols. ... This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by atomic number and color coded according to type of element. ... This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by boiling point measured at normal pressure. ... This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by melting point measured at normal pressure. ... This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by density measured at standard temperature and pressure. ... Hydrogen = 1 List of Elements in Atomic Number Order. ... The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen: that is, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra) (not always considered due to its very short half-life and its radioactive characteristics). ... A Group 3 element is an element in periodic table group 3 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: scandium (21) yttrium (39) lanthanum (57) - lutetium (71) actinium (89) - lawrencium (103) All of these elements are classed in Group 3 because their outer shell holds three electrons. ... A Group 4 element is an element in periodic table group 4 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: titanium (22) zirconium (40) hafnium (72) rutherfordium (104) All of these elements are classed in Group 4 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 5 element is the series of elements in group 5 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and dubnium (Db). ... The group 6 in the periodic table consists of the elements chromium (24) molybdenum (42) tungsten (74) seaborgium (106) Group 6 is the new IUPAC name for this group, the old style name was group VIA in the old European system or group VIB in the old US system. ... A Group 7 element is an element in periodic table group 7 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: manganese (25) technetium (43) rhenium (75) bohrium (107) All of these elements are classed in Group 7 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 8 element is an element in periodic table group 8 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: Iron (26) Ruthenium (44) Osmium (76) Hassium (108) All of these elements are classed in Group 8 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... The Group 9 elements are: Cobalt (27) Rhodium (45) Iridium (77) Meitnerium (109) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Group 10 elements are: Nickel (28) Palladium (46) Platinum (78) Darmstadtium (110) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Group 11 Elements (IB) of the periodic table consist of the traditional coinage metals of copper, silver, and gold. ... The Group 12 elements are: Zinc (30) Cadmium (48) Mercury (80) Ununbium (112) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid but mercury is liquid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Boron group is periodic table group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... The Nitrogen group is also known as IUPAC Group 15 (formerly Group V) of the periodic table. ... The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ... For the halogen light bulb, click here. ... The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table. ... In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a row of the table. ... A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides. ... A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 8 element is one of the chemical elements in the eighth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 9 element is one of the chemical elements in the ninth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A chemical series is a group of chemical elements whose physical and chemical characteristics vary progressively from one end of the series to another. ... The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen: that is, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra) (not always considered due to its very short half-life and its radioactive characteristics). ... The lanthanide series comprises the 14 rare earth elements from cerium to lutetium on the periodic table, with atomic numbers 58 through 71. ... The actinide series encompasses the 15 chemical elements that lie between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table with atomic numbers 89 - 103. ... In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc and scandium. ... The poor metals or post-transition metals are the metallic elements of the p-block of the periodic table, occurring between the metalloids and the transition metals. ... Together with the metals and nonmetals, the metalloids (in Greek metallon = metal and eidos = sort - also called semimetals) form one of the three categories of chemical elements as classified by ionization and bonding properties. ... Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ... For the halogen light bulb, click here. ... The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table. ... A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. ... The s-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the first two groups: the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, plus hydrogen. ... The p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. ... D Block is a rap group based in Yonkers, New York. ... The f-block of the periodic table of elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy f-orbitals. ... The g-block of the periodic table of elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy g-orbitals. ...

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	Chemistry - Periodic table (862 words) The periodic table of the chemical elements, also called the Mendeleev periodic table, is a tabular display of the known chemical elements. A group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. The original table was created without a knowledge of the inner structure of atoms: if one orders the elements by atomic mass, and then plots certain other properties against atomic mass, one sees an undulation or periodicity to these properties as a function of atomic mass.
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