Plum
Prunus cultivar
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Prunoideae Genus: Prunus Subgenus: Prunus
Species
See text. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 294 KB) Plum on Tree File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. ... Families Barbeyaceae Cannabaceae (hemp family) Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae Moraceae (mulberry family) Rosaceae (rose family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) Ulmaceae (elm family) Urticaceae (nettle family) For the Philippine municipality, see Rosales, Pangasinan. ... Global distribution of Rosaceae Subfamilies Rosoideae Spiraeoideae Maloideae Amygdaloideae or Prunoideae The Rosaceae or rose family is a large family of plants, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-120 genera. ... Genera Prunus Prinsepia Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, is the subfamily containing the genera Prunus and Prinsepia. ... Species Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus caroliniana Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus grayana Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus japonica Prunus...

A plum or gage is a stone fruit tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc) in the shoots having a terminal bud and the side buds solitary (not clustered), the flowers being grouped 1-5 together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side, and a smooth stone. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... This article is about the nutrient. ... Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. ... The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit) In botany, a drupe is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp or skin and mesocarp or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... Species Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus caroliniana Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus grayana Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus japonica Prunus... Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... For other uses, see Cherry (disambiguation). ... Species See text. ...

Species

The subgenus is divided into three sections:

• Sect. Prunus (Old World plums). Leaves in bud rolled inwards; flowers 1-3 together; fruit smooth, often wax-bloomed.
  • P. cerasifera (cherry plum)
  • Prunus cocomilia
  • Prunus consociiflora"
  • P. domestica (species of most "plums" and "prunes" sold as such)
  • P. insititia
  • P. salicina (Japanese plum)
  • P. simonii
  • P. spinosa (blackthorn or sloe)
• Sect. Prunocerasus (New World plums). Leaves in bud folded inwards; flowers 3-5 together; fruit smooth, often wax-bloomed.
  • P. alleghaniensis
  • P. americana
  • P. angustifolia
  • P. hortulana
  • P. maritima (beach plum)
  • P. mexicana
  • P. nigra
  • P. orthosepala
  • P. subcordata (Klamath, Oregon, or Sierra plum)
• Sect. Armeniaca (Apricots). Leaves in bud rolled inwards; flowers very short-stalked; fruit velvety. Treated as a distinct subgenus by some authors.
  • P. armeniaca (apricot)
  • P. brigantina
  • P. mume (ume)
  • P. sibirica

The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus; it includes Europe, Asia, and Africa (collectively known as Africa-Eurasia), plus surrounding islands. ... Binomial name Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ... Plum is also a nickname for British humorist P. G. Wodehouse. ... This article is about the fruit. ... Prunus insititia or damson plum is a variety of the common plum. ... Binomial name Prunus salicina Lindl. ... For other uses, see Blackthorn (disambiguation). ... Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... Binomial name The Wild plum (Prunus americana) is a southern rather than a northern tree. ... Prunus maritima also known as Beach Plum of the family Rosaceae is small tree or shrub, in its natural setting about 1m high although it can grow larger when nurtured in gardens. ... Binomial name The Canada plum or red plum (Prunus nigra) is a small tree twenty feet in height, dividing five or six feet from the ground into a number of stout upright branches which form a rigid head. ... Binomial name Prunus subcordata Benth. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. ...

Cultivation and uses

Plum and sloe output in 2005

Plum fruit is sweet and juicy and it can be eaten fresh or used in jam-making or other recipes. Plum juice can be fermented into plum wine; when distilled, this produces a brandy known in Eastern Europe as Slivovitz, Rakia, Tzuica or Palinka. Dried plums are known as prunes. Prunes are also sweet and juicy and contain several antioxidants. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of plum and sloe output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (China - 4,635,600 tonnes). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of plum and sloe output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (China - 4,635,600 tonnes). ... Binomial name Prunus spinosa L. The Blackthorn, is a large shrub or a small tree of the genus Prunus, botanically Prunus spinosa. ... Jam from berries Jam (also known as jelly or preserves) is a type of sweet spread or condiment made with fruits or sometimes vegetables, sugar, and sometimes pectin if the fruits natural pectin content is insufficient to produce a thick product. ... Plum wine is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from plums. ... For other uses, see Brandy (disambiguation). ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... A traditional bottle of slivovitz, plum rakia Croatian Sljivovica and Slovenian Slivovka, two different names for the same drink, a plum rakia Rakia or Rakija (Bulgarian: , Croatian and Bosnian (rakija), Albanian: , Macedonian and Serbian: , Slovenian: , Romanian: ) is hard liquor similar to brandy, made by distillation of fermented fruits, popular throughout... Tzuica (Romanian: Ţuică) is the name of a popular Romanian alcoholic drink produced by distilling the plums juice, sometimes mixed with different other fruits (pears especially). ... A bottle of apricot Hungarian Pálinka. ... Prune refers to any of more than 125 varieties of fruit, most grown for drying. ... Space-filling model of the antioxidant metabolite glutathione. ...

Prune marketers in the United States have, in recent years, begun marketing their product as "dried plums", because "prune" has negative connotations connected with elderly people suffering from constipation.^[1] Constipation or irregularity, is a condition of the digestive system where a person (or animal) experiences hard feces that are difficult to egest; it may be extremely painful, and in severe cases (fecal impaction) lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction. ...

Various flavours of dried plum are available at Chinese grocers and specialty stores worldwide. They tend to be much drier than the standard prune. Cream, Ginsing, Spicy, and Salty are among the common variety flavours. Licorice is generally used to intensify the flavour of these plums and is used to make salty plum drinks and toppings for Shaved Ice or baobing. Species Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa Glycyrrhiza aspera Glycyrrhiza astragalina Glycyrrhiza bucharica Glycyrrhiza echinata Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa Glycyrrhiza foetida Glycyrrhiza glabra Glycyrrhiza iconica Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi Glycyrrhiza lepidota Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Glycyrrhiza triphylla Glycyrrhiza uralensis Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis Ref: ILDIS Version 6. ... Slush is mixture of water, flavoured sirup and blended ice. ...

Pickled plums are another type of preserve available in Asia and international specialty stores. The Japanese variety, called umeboshi, is often used for rice balls, called "Onigiri" or "Omusubi". The ume, from which umeboshi are made, is however more closely related to the apricot than to the plum. Umeboshi Umeboshi (Japanese: 梅干; literally dried ume) are pickled umes. ... Binomial name Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ...

Prune kernel oil is made from the fleshy inner part of the pit of the plum.

Plums come in a wide variety of colours and sizes. Some are much firmer-fleshed than others and some have yellow, white, green or red flesh, with equally varying skin colour.

Plums and prunes are known for their laxative effect. This effect has been attributed to various compounds present in the fruits, such as dietary fiber, sorbitol,^[2] and isatin.^[3] Prunes and prune juice are often used to help regulate the functioning of the digestive system. Laxatives (or purgatives are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements, most often taken to treat constipation. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ... Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol the body metabolises slowly. ... Isatin or 1H-indole-2,3-dione is a indole derivative. ... what was here was sick and improperly spelled. ...

Plums

Plum cultivars in use today include: Download high resolution version (1024x844, 214 KB) Plums. ... Download high resolution version (1024x844, 214 KB) Plums. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...

• Damson, or Damask Plum
• Greengage, or greengage plum (firm, green flesh and skin even when ripe)
• Mirabelle (a dark yellow plum predominantly grown in northeast France)
• Satsuma plum (firm red flesh with a red skin)
• Golden or yellowgage plum (like the greengage, but yellow)

When it flowers in the early spring, a plum tree will be covered in blossom, and in a good year approximately 50% of the flowers will be pollinated and become plums. Flowering starts after 80 growing degree days. The Damson is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivated variety of the plum tree, Prunus domestica insititia. ... The Damson is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivated variety of the plum tree, Prunus domestica insititia. ... Recently harvested Greengages The Greengage is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivar of the plum, Prunus domestica Reine Claude. It was developed in France from a green-fruited wild plum originally found in Asia Minor. ... The Mirabelle Plum, also known as the Mirabelle Prune, is the edible drupaceous fruit of the Mirabelle Prune Tree, a cultivar of the Prune Tree. ... Blossom is a term given to the flowers of stone fruit trees (Genus Prunus) and of some other plants with a similar appearance that flower profusely but for a short period of time. ... Growing degree days (GDD) are a heuristic tool in phenology. ...

If the weather is too dry the plums will not develop past a certain stage, but will fall from the tree while still tiny green buds, and if it is unseasonably wet or if the plums are not harvested as soon as they are ripe, the fruit may develop a fungal condition called brown rot. Brown rot is not toxic, and very small affected areas can be cut out of the fruit, but unless the rot is caught immediately the fruit will no longer be edible. Plum is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera including November Moth, Willow Beauty and Short-cloaked Moth. For Brown rot of trees and wood see Dry rot. ... A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Subdivisions See Taxonomy of Lepidoptera and Lepidopteran diversity. ... Binomial name Epirrita dilutata Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 The November Moth (Epirrita dilutata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. ... Binomial name Peribatodes rhomboidaria Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 The Willow Beauty (Peribatodes rhomboidaria) is a moth of the family Geometridae. ... Binomial name Nola cucullatella Linnaeus, 1758 The Short-cloaked Moth (Nola cucullatella) is a moth of the family Nolidae. ...

The plum (Serbian: шљива / šljiva) and the alcoholic drink slivovitz (Serbian: шљивовица / šljivovica) are both very popular in Serbia, where plum production averages 424,300 tonnes per year; FAO 1991–2001. Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ...

A large number of plums are also grown in Hungary where they are called szilva and are used to make lekvar, a plum paste jam, palinka a slivovitz-type liquor, plum dumplings, and other foods. The region which produces the best and most plums is Szabolcs-Szatmár in the northeastern part of the country near the borders with Ukraine and Romania. Lekvar or prune butter is a very thick puree of pure fruit, usually prunes or apricots used in filled pastries and cookies. ... A bottle of apricot Hungarian Pálinka. ...

The mei blossom (Prunus mume), along with the peony, are considered traditional floral emblems of China. On June 21, 1964, the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China officially designated the mei blossom to be its national flower, with the triple grouping of stamens (one long and two short) representing the Three Principles of the People and the five petals symbolizing the five branches of the ROC government.^[4] The designation repeats a previous statement by the ROC government in 1929. ^[5] Binomial name Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. ... Species See text A white peony in Warren County, Indiana. ... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... The Executive Yuan (行政院; literally executive court) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... A national emblem is a symbol that represents a nation. ... Stamens of the Amaryllis with prominent anthers carrying pollen Insects, while collecting nectar, unintentionally transfer pollen from one flower to another, bringing about pollination The stamen (from Latin stamen meaning thread of the warp) is the male organ of a flower. ... Sun Yat-sen, who developed the Three Principles of the People. ... The Republic of China (ROC) currently has jurisdiction over Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores Islands (Penghu) and several smaller islands. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In Taiwan the plum has been increasingly used as the national emblem of the Republic of China, as the 12-ray sun originated from the Kuomintang party flag. The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China (ROC), now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of seats in the Legislative Yuan, and the oldest political party in the...

The mei blossom is also the floral symbol of the ancient Chinese city Nanjing, which served as the former capital (and remained designated as the official capital) of the Republic of China. For other uses, see Nanjing (disambiguation). ...

Etymology

The fruit Prunus armeniaca gained its name from the beliefs of Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian and scientist of the 1st century, who maintained that the apricot was a kind of a plum, and had originally come from Armenia.^[6] Armenian sources support their claims by referring to a 6,000-year-old apricot pit found in an archaeological site near Yerevan.^[6] Other historians point that Mesopotamia as a clue to the Latin name. Apricots were cultivated in Mesopotamia, and it was known as armanu in the Akkadian language. Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... Location of Yerevan in Armenia Coordinates: , Country Established 782 BC Government  - Mayor Yervand Zakharyan Area  - City 227 km²  (87. ... Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. ... Akkadian (lišānum akkadÄ«tum) was a Semitic language (part of the greater Afro-Asiatic language family) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. ...

Prunus domestica Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 826 KB) Plums on tree. ...	Prunus domestica Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 775 KB) Red plums on tree. ...	Bluebyrd plum Download high resolution version (640x916, 156 KB)Bluebyrd plum. ...	Plum (variety Tucker) - watercolor 1894 A plum (variety Tucker). ...
Plum (variety Pacific Prune) - watercolor 1893 A plum (variety Pacific Prune). ...			Plum blossoms Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 186 KB) Plum tree blossoming File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 230 KB) Plum blossoms File links The following pages link to this file: Plum Blossom ... Closeup of a branch of plum blossoms. ...
Plum blossom Plum Flowers File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
			"Golden Drop" (yellowgage)Plum from Iran Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 190 KB) Plum File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 661 KB) Plum Tree File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 291 KB) Plums in basket File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 315 KB) Plums in tree File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 404 KB) Plums early in the morning File links The following pages link to this file: Plum ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 344 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (896 × 1559 pixel, file size: 449 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

References

2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (common) era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Fruit trees
• Fruit tree forms
• Fruit tree propagation
• Pruning fruit trees
• Pluot
• Prune (fruit)
• Dietary fiber

A fruit tree is a tree bearing fruit — the structures formed by the ripened ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. ... Fruit Tree Forms The shapes of most fruit trees can be manipulated by pruning and training in order to increase yield, or to improve their suitability for different situations and conditions. ... Fruit tree propagation is usually carried out through asexual reproduction by grafting or budding the desired variety onto a suitable rootstock. ... Pruning is a technique that is employed by gardeners in order to control growth, remove dead or diseased wood or stimulate the formation of flowers and fruit buds. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Prune refers to any of more than 125 varieties of fruit, most grown for drying. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ...

External links

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• Prunus americanum images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu