دولة القطر Dawlat Al-Qaṭar State of Qatar
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: As Salam al Amiri
Capital (and largest city)		Doha 25°18′N, 51°31′E
Official languages		Arabic
Demonym		Qatari
Government		Constitutional Monarchy
-	Emir	Hamad bin Khalifa
-	Prime Minister	Hamad bin Jassem bin Jabr Al Thani
Independence2
-	from the United Kingdom	September 3, 1971
Area
-	Total	11,437 km² (164th) 4,416 sq mi
-	Water (%)	negligible
Population
-	July 2007 estimate	841,000 (158th1)
-	2004 census	744,029[2] (159th)
-	Density	74/km² (121st) 192/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2005 estimate
-	Total	$25.01 billion (102nd)
-	Per capita	$31,397 (11th)
GDP (nominal)		2005 estimate
-	Total	$42.463 billion (62nd)
-	Per capita	$49,655 (7th)
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.875 (high) (35th)
Currency		Riyal (QAR)
Time zone		AST (UTC+3)
-	Summer (DST)	(not observed) (UTC+3)
Internet TLD		.qa
Calling code		+974
1	Rank based on 2005 estimate.
2	Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s.

Qatar (Arabic: قطر ‎; IPA: [ˈqɑtˁɑr]^[1]), officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: دولة القطر transliterated as Dawlat Al-Qatar), is an Arab emirate in Southwest Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. Catarrh is a discharge or mucus blockage caused by the swelling of the mucous membranes. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ... Image File history File links COA_of_Qatar. ... Flag ratio: 11:28 The flag of Qatar has a proportion of 11:28. ... Coat of Arms of the State of Qatar The Coat of Arms of the State of Qatar was adopted in 1978. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... As Salam al Amiri is the national anthem of Qatar. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris are descended from a number of migratory tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century to escape the harsh conditions of the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. ... For other uses, see Doha (disambiguation). ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A constitutional monarchy or limited monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state, as opposed to an absolute monarchy, where the monarch is not... This is a list of emirs of Qatar: The emirs of Qatar are members of the Al-Thani dynasty and the state of Qatar was founded in 1868 by Muhammad bin Thani as a sheikhdom. ... Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani became the Emir of the State of Qatar on June 26, 1995 after deposing his father, who was vacationing in Switzerland at the time. ... Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani: (29 May 1972 - 27 June 1995) Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani: (27 June 1995 - 29 October 1996) Sheikh Abdullah ibn Khalifah Al Thani :(29 October 1996 - present). ... Sheikh Hamad ibn Jassim Bin Jabor Al Thani (born 1959) is a member of the royal family of Qatar and the current Prime Minister of Qatar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ... Countries by nominal GDP. Source: IMF (2005) This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita for the year 2006. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ... ISO 4217 Code QAR User(s) Qatar Inflation 7. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... UTC redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .qa is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Qatar. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... The Al-Thani family is the ruling family of Qatar. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. ... Etymologically an emirate or amirate (Arabic: إمارة Imarah, plural: إمارات Imarat) is the quality, dignity, office or territorial competence of any Emir (prince, governor etc. ...  Southwest Asia in most contexts. ... For other uses, see Coast (disambiguation). ... Arabia redirects here. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ...

Etymology

The name "Qatar" may derive from the same Arabic root as qatura which means "to exude." The word Qatura traces to the Arabic qatran meaning "tar" or "resin", which relates to the country's rich resources in petroleum and natural gas. ^[2] Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Petro redirects here. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ...

Other sources say the name may derive from "Qatara", believed to refer to the Qatari town of Zubara, an important trading port and town in the region in ancient times. The word "Qatara" first appeared on Ptolemy's map of the Arabian Peninsula. An important trading port and town on Qatars west coast. ... This article is about the geographer, mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy. ... Arabia redirects here. ...

In English-language broadcast media within Qatar, for example television commercials for Qatar Airways and advertisements concerning economic development in Qatar, the name is pronounced "KA-tar", with a distinct differentiation between the syllables from the forming of the 't' sound.

History

Main article: History of Qatar

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During the pre-Islamic era, the peninsula was often dominated by various Persian dynasties, the last of which -the Sasanians- included the Qatar peninsula, which they called Meshmahig ("Big Island"), in their province of Bahran/Bahrain with its capital at Shirin (probably, the modern Qatif). This province included the island of Bahrain and the costal regions of modern Saudi Arabia. History of Qatar. ... Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... Qatif or Al-Qatif (also spelled Qateef or Al-Qateef; Arabic: ) is a historic, coastal oasis region located on the western shore of the Persian Gulf in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. ...

In the Islamic era, Qatar was one of the earliest locales occupied by the Muslims. Qarmatians arrived in the area very early during the Islamic era and spread their influence widely, as they did in the neighboring Hasa region. In medieval times, Qatar was more often than not independent and a participant in the great Persian Gulf-Indian Ocean commerce. Many races and ideas were introduced into the peninsula from Africa, South and Southeast Asia, as well as the Malay archipelago. Today, the traces of these early interactions with the oceanic world of the Indian Ocean remains in the existence of small minorities of races, peoples, languages and religions, such as the presence of Africans and Shihus. The Qarmatians (from Arabic qaramita قرامطة, also spelled Carmathians, Qarmathians, Karmathians etc. ... Hasa is a Korean military rank which is used in both the armed forces of North and South Korea. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... World map depicting Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a vast archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ...

After centuries-long domination by the Ottoman and British empires, Qatar became an independent state on September 3, 1971. Ottoman redirects here. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ...

Although the peninsular land mass that makes up Qatar has sustained humans for thousands of years, for the bulk of its history the arid climate fostered only short-term settlements by nomadic tribes. Clans such as the Al Khalifa and the Al Saud (which would later ascend thrones of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia respectively) swept through the Arabian peninsula and camped on the coasts within small fishing and pearling villages. A peninsula in Croatia A peninsula is a piece of land that is bordered on three or more sides by water. ... In general terms, the climate of a locale or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or even preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. ... For the 2006 historical epic set in Kazakhstan, see Nomad (2006 film). ... For other uses, see Clan (disambiguation). ... The Al-Khalifa dynasty is the ruling family of Bahrain. ... The House of Saud ( transliteration: ) is the royal family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ... Fishermen in the harbor of Kochi, India. ... Pearl diver in Japan Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to a now largely obsolete method of retrieving pearls from oysters and, on rare occasions, other nacre-producing creatures, such as abalone. ...

Desert in Qatar

The British initially sought out Qatar and the Persian Gulf as an intermediary vantage point en route to their colonial interests in India, although the discovery of oil and other hydrocarbons in the early twentieth century would re-invigorate their interest. During the nineteenth century, the time of Britain’s formative ventures into the region, the Al Khalifa clan reigned over the Northern Qatari peninsula from the nearby island of Bahrain to the west. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1544x1024, 212 KB) Summary I took this photo myself. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1544x1024, 212 KB) Summary I took this photo myself. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... Petro redirects here. ... Look up Hydrocarbon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Al-Khalifa dynasty is the ruling family of Bahrain. ...

Although Qatar had the legal status of a dependency, resentment festered against the Bahraini Al Khalifas along the eastern seaboard of the Qatari peninsula. In 1867, the Al Khalifas launched a successful effort to quash the Qatari rebels sending a massive naval force to Wakrah. However, the Bahraini aggression was in violation on the 1820 Anglo-Bahraini Treaty. The diplomatic response of the British to this violation set into motion the political forces that would eventuate in the founding of the state of Qatar. In addition to censuring Bahrain for its breach of agreement, the British Protectorate (per Colonel Lewis Pelly) asked to negotiate with a representative from Qatar. The request carried with it a tacit recognition of Qatar’s status as distinct from Bahrain. The Qataris chose as their negotiator the respected entrepreneur and long-time resident of Doha, Muhammed bin Thani. His clan, the Al Thanis, had taken relatively little part in Gulf politics, but the diplomatic foray ensured their participation in the movement towards independence and their dominion as the future ruling family, a dynasty that continues to this day. The results of the negotiations left Qatar with a new-found sense of political selfhood, although it did not gain official standing as a British protectorate until 1916. World map of dependent territories. ... Al Wakrah is a governorate of Qatar. ... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... This article is about states protected and/or dominated by a foreign power. ... Sir Lewis Pelly, KCSI, (born 14 November 1825, Minchinhampton; died 22 April 1892, Falmouth), was Conservative Member of Parliament for North Hackney from 1885 to 1892 and an East India Company officer. ... For other uses, see Negotiation (disambiguation). ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ... For other uses, see Doha (disambiguation). ... The Al-Thani family is the ruling family of Qatar. ... // For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ... This article is about states protected and/or dominated by a foreign power. ...

The Emiri Diwan.

The reach of the British Empire diminished after the Second World War, especially following Indian independence in 1947. Pressure for a British withdrawal from the Arab emirates in the Gulf increased during the 1950s, and the British welcomed Kuwait's declaration of independence in 1961. When Britain officially announced in 1968 that it would disengage politically, though not economically, from the Persian Gulf in three years' time, Qatar joined Bahrain and seven other Trucial States in a federation. Regional disputes however, quickly compelled Qatar to resign and declare independence from the coalition that would evolve into the seven-emirate United Arab Emirates. On September 3, 1971, Qatar became an independent sovereign state. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1112x850, 448 KB) Summary Doha Palace in Qatar. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1112x850, 448 KB) Summary Doha Palace in Qatar. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... Etymologically an emirate or amirate (Arabic: إمارة Imarah, plural: إمارات Imarat) is the quality, dignity, office or territorial competence of any Emir (prince, governor etc. ... “Sovereign” redirects here. ...

Since 1995, Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani has ruled Qatar, seizing control of the country from his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani while the latter vacationed in Switzerland. Under Emir Hamad, Qatar has experienced a notable amount of sociopolitical liberalization, including the enfranchisement of women, a new constitution, and the launch of Al Jazeera, a leading English and Arabic news source, which operates a website and satellite television news channel. Qatar ranks as the ninth richest country in the world per capita [3]. 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani became the Emir of the State of Qatar on June 26, 1995 after deposing his father, who was vacationing in Switzerland at the time. ... Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani (Arabic: خليفة بن حمد آل ثاني) (born in Doha, Qatar in 1930 or 1932) was the emir of Qatar from 1972 to 1995. ... In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. ... The term womens suffrage refers to an economic and political reform movement aimed at extending suffrage — the right to vote — to women. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... Source is a term used in journalism to refer to any individual from whom information about a story has been received. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ...

Qatar served as the headquarters and one of the main launching sites of the US invasion of Iraq [4] in 2003. For other uses of the term, see Iraq war (disambiguation) The 2003 invasion of Iraq (also called the 2nd or 3rd Persian Gulf War) began on March 20, 2003, when forces belonging primarily to the United States and the United Kingdom invaded Iraq arguably without the explicit backing of the...

In 2005, a suicide-bombing killed a British teacher at the Doha Players Theatre, shocking a country that had not previously experienced acts of terrorism. It is not clear if the bombing was committed by an organized terrorist group, and although the investigation is ongoing there are indications that the attack was the work of an individual, not a group.^{[citation needed]} A suicide attack is an attack on a military or civilian target, in which an attacker intends to kill others, and knows that they will either certainly or most likely die in the process (see suicide). ... Terrorist redirects here. ...

Administrative divisions

Main article: Municipalities of Qatar

Qatar is divided into ten municipalities (Arabic: baladiyah), also occasionally or rarely translated as governorates or provinces: Qatar is divided into 10 municipalities (baladiyah): Ad Dawhah Al Ghuwariyah Al Jumaliyah Al Khawr Al Wakrah Ar Rayyan Jariyan al Batnah Ash Shamal Umm Salal Mesaieed Sources http://www. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... Baladiyah is an arab subdivision term that can be translated as municipality. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with muhafazah. ... Province is a name for a secondary, or subnational entity of government in most countries. ...

1. Ad Dawhah
2. Al Ghuwariyah
3. Al Jumaliyah
4. Al Khawr
5. Al Wakrah
6. Ar Rayyan
7. Jariyan al Batnah
8. Ash Shamal
9. Umm Salal
10. Mesaieed

Doha (Arabic: الدوحة;, Ad-Dawhah) (population 370,000) is the capital of Qatar, located on the Persian Gulf. ... Al Ghuwariyah is a governorate of Qatar. ... Al Jumaliyah is a governorate of Qatar. ... Al Khawr (Arabic: الخور) is a municipality of Qatar. ... Al Wakrah is a governorate of Qatar. ... Ar Rayyan is a governorate of Qatar. ... Jariyan al Batnah is a governorate of Qatar. ... Ash Shamal (Arabic: ) is a municipality of Qatar. ... Umm Salal is a governorate of Qatar. ... Umm Said (Arabic: , also transliterated as Musayid and Messaieed) is a city in Qatar. ...

Economy

Qatar's capital, Doha.

Main article: Economy of Qatar

Before the discovery of oil the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearling. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl onto the world market in the 1920s and 1930s, Qatar's pearling industry faltered. However, the discovery of oil, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed the state's economy. Now the country has a high standard of living, with many social services offered to its citizens and all the amenities of any modern state. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 625 KB) Summary Modern Structures in Qatars oil rich capital Doha. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 625 KB) Summary Modern Structures in Qatars oil rich capital Doha. ... This map shows the mineral resources of Qatar. ... Fishermen in the harbor of Kochi, India. ... Pearl diver in Japan Pearl hunting or pearl diving refers to a now largely obsolete method of retrieving pearls from oysters and, on rare occasions, other nacre-producing creatures, such as abalone. ... A cultured pearl is a pearl created by a pearl farmer under controlled conditions. ... The 1920s they were sexy referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the [[. In East Asia, the rise of militarism occurred. ... Synthetic motor oil For other uses, see Oil (disambiguation). ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. ...

Qatar's national income primarily derives from oil and natural gas exports. The country has oil estimated at 15 billion barrels (2.4 km³), while gas reserves in the giant north field (South Pars for Iran) which straddles the border with Iran and are almost as large as the peninsula itself are estimated to be between 800–900tcf (Trillion Cubic Feet - 1tcf is equal to around 80 million barrels of oil equivalent). Qataris' wealth and standard of living compare well with those of Western European states; Qatar has the highest GDP per capita in the Arab World according to the International Monetary Fund (2006) ^[3] or the second wealthiest one after the United Arab Emirates, according to the CIA (2006) ^[4] and the University of Pennsylvania (2003). ^[5] With no income tax, Qatar is also one of the two least-taxed sovereign states in the world (the other is Bahrain). For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... A cubic kilometre (symbol km³) is an SI derived unit of volume. ... For the business meaning, see Wealth (economics). ... The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. ... A current understanding of Western Europe. ... IMF redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... CIA redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank   Money supply Fiscal policy Spending   Deficit   Debt Trade policy Tariff   Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate   Personal Public   Banking   Regulation        An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income...

The Aspire Tower, built for the Asian Games, is visible across Doha, and is now a hotel.

While oil and gas will probably remain the backbone of Qatar's economy for some time to come, the country seeks to stimulate the private sector and develop a "knowledge economy". In 2004, it established the Qatar Science & Technology Park to attract and serve technology-based companies and entrepreneurs, from overseas and within Qatar. Qatar also established Education City, which consists of international colleges. For the 15th Asian Games in Doha, it established Sports City, consisting of Khalifa stadium, the Aspire Sports Academy, aquatic centres, exhibition centres and many other sports related buildings and centres. Following the success of the Asian Games, Doha kicked off its official bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics in October of 2007.^[6] Qatar also plans to build an "entertainment city" in the future. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (960x1280, 157 KB) Aspire Tower, Doha, Qatar, December 2006 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Qatar Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (960x1280, 157 KB) Aspire Tower, Doha, Qatar, December 2006 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Qatar Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... The Aspire Tower is a 318 meter structure located in the Sports City complex in Doha, Qatar. ... The 15th Asian Games, officially known as the XV Asiad, is Asias Olympic-style sporting event that was held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to December 15, 2006. ... A knowledge economy is either economy of knowledge focused on the economy of the producing and management of knowledge, or a knowledge-based economy. ... Qatar Science & Technology Park is a home for international technology companies in Qatar, and an incubator of start-up technology businesses. ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ... Education City, a compound of six US universities, is found in Doha, the capital city of Qatar. ... Overview of the Sports City during the 2006 Asian Games Opening Ceremony The Sports City is a sporting complex located in the Al Waab district of Doha, Qatar which contains several sporting venues, mostly constructed in preparation for the 2006 Asian Games. ... The ASPIRE Academy for Sports Excellence is a specialized educational facility based in Doha, the capital of the Gulf State of Qatar, that provides an exceptional and comprehensive learning environment for children from 12-years-old and upwards with sporting potential. ... The 2016 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, is a major international sports and cultural festival to be celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games as governed by the International Olympic Committee. ...

Qatar is aiming to become a role model for economic and social transformation in the region. Large scale investment in all social and economic sectors will also lead to the development of a strong financial market. Don Imus, The term role model was introduced by Robert K. Merton[1]. Merton says that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires. ... Invest redirects here. ...

The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) provides financial institutions with a world class financial services platform situated in an economy founded on the development of its hydrocarbons resources. It has been created with a long term perspective to support the development of Qatar and the wider region, develop local and regional markets, and strengthen the links between the energy based economies and global financial markets. Established in March 2005, the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) is a business and financial centre located in Doha, providing legal and business infrastructure for financial services. ...

Apart from Qatar itself, which needs to raise the capacity of its financial services to support more than $130 billion worth of projects, the QFC also provides a conduit for financial services providers to access nearly $1 trillion of investment across the GCC as a whole over the next decade.

The largest project ever in Qatar, the new town of Lusail, is under construction. Lusail City is the newest city in Qatar. ...

Geography

Map of Qatar

Main article: Geography of Qatar

The Qatari peninsula juts 100 miles (160 km) into the Persian Gulf from Saudi Arabia and is slightly smaller than Connecticut. Much of the country consists of a low, barren plain, covered with sand. To the southeast lies the spectacular Khor al Adaid ("Inland Sea"), an area of rolling sand dunes surrounding an inlet of the Gulf. There are mild winters and very hot, humid summers. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 274 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (326 × 713 pixel, file size: 19 KB, MIME type: image/png) Grow up File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 274 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (326 × 713 pixel, file size: 19 KB, MIME type: image/png) Grow up File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Qatar in January, 2003 A massive sandstorm sweeping over the Persian Gulf state of Qatar as it races southward toward southeastern Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on February 15, 2004 Qatar is a peninsula in the east of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia, in a... A peninsula in Croatia A peninsula is a piece of land that is bordered on three or more sides by water. ... In geography, a plain is a large area of land with relatively low relief. ... For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ... An inland sea is a shallow sea that covers central areas of continents during high stands of sea level that result in marine transgressions. ... Lulworth Cove in Dorset, England (Great Britain) A fjord (Lysefjorden) in Norway An inlet is a body of water, usually seawater, which has characteristics of one or more of the following: a bay a cove an estuary a firth a fjord a geo a sea loch a sea lough a...

The highest point in Qatar occurs in the Jebel Dukhan to the west, a range of low limestone outcrops running north-south from Zikrit through Umm Bab to the southern border, and reaching about 16 feet (90 m) ASL. This area also contains Qatar's main onshore oil deposits, while the natural gas fields lie offshore, to the northwest of the peninsula. For other uses, see Limestone (disambiguation). ... Outcrop is a geological term referring to the appearance of bedrock exposed at the surface of the Earth. ... Umm Bab is the capital city of the municipality of Jariyan al Batnah in Qatar. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... Drilling rig in a small oil field Near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 An oil field is an area with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground. ... Natural gas rig Oil and natural gas are produced by the same geological process: anaerobic decay of organic matter deep under the Earths surface. ...

Population

Main article: Demographics of Qatar

Nearly all Qataris profess Islam. Besides ethnic Arabs, much of the population migrated from various nations to work in the country's oil industry. Arabic serves as the official language. However English as well as many other languages are spoken in Qatar. Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris are descended from a number of migratory tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century to escape the harsh conditions of the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... The oil industry is a type of industry which brings petroleum to a financial market. ... Arabic redirects here. ...

Expatriates form the majority of Qatar's residents. The petrochemical industry has attracted people from all around the world. Most of the expatriates come from South Asia and from non-oil-rich Arab states. Because a large percentage of the expatriates are male, Qatar has the most heavily skewed sex ratio in the world, with 1.88 males per female [5]. For the band, see Expatriate (band). ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ...

In July 2007, the country had a growing population of approximately 907,229 people^[7], of whom approximately 350,000 were believed to be citizens.^[8] Of the citizen population, Shi'a Muslims account for approximately 10 percent and Sunni Muslims comprise the remaining 90 percent. The majority of the estimated 800,000 non-citizens are individuals from South and South East Asian and Arab countries working on temporary employment contracts in most cases without their accompanying family members. They are of the following faiths: Sunni Muslims, Shi'a Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Bahá'ís. Most foreign workers and their families live near the major employment centers of Doha, Al Khor, Messaeed, and Dukhan. Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam or Shi`ism (from the Arabic word شيعة, short for the historic phrase shi`at `Ali شيعة علي, meaning the followers of Ali) is the second-largest denomination of the religion of Islam. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... This article is about the generally recognized global religious community. ...

The Christian community is a diverse mix of Indians, Filipinos, Europeans, Lebanese and Americans. It includes Catholic, Orthodox, Coptic, Anglican, and Protestant denominations. The Hindu community is almost exclusively Indian, while Buddhists include South and East Asians. Most Bahá'ís in Qatar may come from nearby Iran. Religion is not indicated on national identity cards and passports, nor is it a criterion for citizenship in Qatar according to the Nationality Law. However, Qatari citizens are either Sunni or Shi'a Muslims with the exception of a Baha'i and Lebanese-Syrian Christian and their respective families who were granted citizenship. Shi'a, both citizens and foreigners, may attend a small number of Shi'a mosques. There is some limitation of the religious liberty of Christians. No foreign missionary groups operate openly in the country but in 2008 the government allowed some churches to conduct mass. In March 2008 the Roman Catholic church "Our Lady of the Rosary" was consecrated in Doha. The European peoples are the various nations and ethnic groups of Europe. ... Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... Religions Coptic Orthodox Christianity, Coptic Catholicism, Protestantism Scriptures Bible Languages Mari, Coptic, Arabic, English, French, German A Copt (Coptic: , literally: Egyptian Christian) is a native Egyptian Christian. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... This article is about the generally recognized global religious community. ...

Culture

See also: Music of Qatar

Qatar explicitly uses Sunni law as the basis of its government, and the vast majority of its citizens follow Hanbali Madhhab. Hanbali (Arabic: حنبلى ) is one of the four schools (Madhhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam (The other three are Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii). Sunni Muslims believe that all four schools have "correct guidance", and the differences between them lie not in the fundamentals of faith, but in finer judgements and jurisprudence, which are a result of the independent reasoning of the imams and the scholars who followed them. Because their individual methodologies of interpretation and extraction from the primary sources (rusul) were different, they came to different judgements on particular matters. Shi'as comprise 10% of the muslim population in Qatar. Qatar is an Arab country located in the Middle East. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Hanbali (Arabic: حنبلى ) is one of the four schools (Madhhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. ... Madhhab (Arabic مذهب pl. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ...

Qatari law

When contrasted with other Arab states such as Saudi Arabia, for instance, Qatar has comparatively liberal laws, but is still not as liberal as some of its neighbours like UAE or Bahrain. Qatar is a civil law jurisdiction. However, Shari'a or Islamic law is applied to aspects of family law, inheritance and certain criminal acts. Women can legally drive in Qatar, whereas they may not in Saudi Arabia and there is a strong emphasis in equality and human rights brought by the HRA. For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ...

The country has undergone a period of liberalization and modernisation after the current Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, came to power after becoming Emir in place of his father. Under his rule, Qatar became the first Arab country in the Persian Gulf where women gained the right to vote ^[9] as well as holding senior positions in government. Also, women can dress mostly as they please in public (although in practice local Qatari women generally don the black abaya). Before the liberalisation, it was taboo for men to wear shorts in public. The laws of Qatar tolerate alcohol to a certain extent. However, public bars and nightclubs in Qatar operate only in expensive hotels and clubs, much like in the UAE, though the number of establishments has yet to equal that of UAE. Expatriates resident in Qatar are eligible to receive liquor permits permitting them to purchase alcohol for personal use through Qatar Distribution Company, the exclusive importer and retailer for alcohol in Qatar. Qatar has further been liberalised due to the 15th Asian Games, but is cautious of becoming too liberal in their law making the country a viable weekend immigration from their western neighbour. Overall Qatar has yet to reach the more western laws of UAE or Bahrain, and though plans are being made for more development, the government is cautious. A shop selling abayasin Bahrain The abaya is an overgarment worn by some women in Muslim-majority countries. ... For other uses, see Shorts (disambiguation). ... Alcoholic beverages An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of alcohol includes many other compounds. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ...

Education

Main article: Education in Qatar

In recent years Qatar has placed great emphasis on education. Along with the country’s free healthcare, citizens enjoy free education from kindergarten through to university. Qatar University was founded in 1973. More recently, with the support of the Qatar Foundation, some major American universities have opened branch campuses in Education City, Qatar. These include Carnegie Mellon University, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, Texas A&M University, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Cornell University’s Weill Medical College. In addition, Northwestern University will offer undergraduate programs in communication and journalism starting in fall 2008. In 2004, Qatar established the Qatar Science & Technology Park at Education City to link those universities with industry. Education City is also home to a fully accredited International Baccalaureate school, Qatar Academy. Two Canadian institutions, the College of the North Atlantic and the University of Calgary also operate campuses in Doha. The Education of Qatar: In recent years Qatar has been very conscience in the area of education. ... For other uses, see Kindergarten (disambiguation). ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... Qatar University (Arabic: جامعة قطر; transliterated: Jamiat Qatar) is a university in Qatar, located on the northern outskirts of the capital Doha. ... The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development is a private, chartered, nonprofit organization in State of Qatar, founded in 1995 by His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, Emir of Qatar. ... The Universitätscampus Wien, Austria ( details) Campus (plural: campuses) is derived from the (identical) Latin word for field or open space. English gets the words camp and campus from this origin. ... Education City is an area in Doha, Qatar, that with funding from the nonprofit Qatar Foundation, has been set aside for the establishment of branch campuses of several American universities, as well as several local educational and research organizations. ... Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. ... The Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (commonly abbreviated SFS) is a school within Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., United States. ... Texas A&M University redirects here. ... Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research university with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, Virginia. ... Cornell redirects here. ... The Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College is the medical school and biomedical research unit of Cornell University. ... Northwestern University (NU) is a selective private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. ... Qatar Science & Technology Park is a home for international technology companies in Qatar, and an incubator of start-up technology businesses. ... Accreditation is a process by which a facilitys services and operations are examined by a third-party accrediting agency to determine if applicable standards are met. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into International Baccalaureate Organization. ... Qatar Academy is a non-profit, private, co-educational school in Doha, Qatar. ... The College of the North Atlantic is the community college of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Arch marking south entrance to campus during the winter. ...

In November 2002, the Emir Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani created the Supreme Education Council.^[10] The Council directs and controls education for all ages from the pre-school level through the university level, including the “Education for a New Era”^[11] reform initiative. Child picking up book. ...

The Emir’s second wife, Her Highness Sheikha Mozah Bint Nasser Al-Missned, has been instrumental in new education initiatives in Qatar. She chairs the Qatar Foundation, sits on the board of Qatar’s Supreme Education Council, and is a major driving force behind the importation of western expertise into the education system, particularly at the college level. Sheikha Mozah Nasser Al-Missned (Arabic: الشيخة موزة بنت ناصر المسند) is the second wife of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar. ...

Communications

Qatar has a modern Telecommunication system centered in Doha. Tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat. People can call to Qatar using their submarine cable, satellite or using VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol); however, Qtel has interfered with VoIP systems in the past, and Skype's website has been blocked before. Following complaints from individuals, the website has been unblocked; and Paltalk has been permanently blocked. Tropospheric scatter (or troposcatter) is the scattering of distant TV and FM radio stations by the troposphere so that they travel farther than the line of sight. ... Qtel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Qtel's ISP branch, Internet Qatar, uses SmartFilter to block websites they deem inappropriate to Qatari interests and morality.

Vodafone, in partnership with Qatar Foundation, has been announced to be opening in Qatar in mid 2008.

Al Jazeera (Arabic: الجزيرة‎, al-ğazīrä, [al.dʒaˈziː.ra], meaning "The Island") is a television network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. Al Jazeera initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel of the same name, but has since expanded into a network of several specialty TV channels. Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... For other uses, see Doha (disambiguation). ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). ...

Forced labor

According to the US State Department’s Trafficking in Persons Report, men and women who are lured into Qatar by promises of high wages are often forced into underpaid labor. The report states that Qatari laws against forced labor are rarely enforced and that labor laws often result in the detention of victims in deportation centers pending the completion of legal proceedings.^{[12] [13]}

Human Rights and Labour

Qatar is the setting the benchmark when it comes to Human Rights^[14] and treatment of labourers.

A project by Barwa (one of the largest contracting agencies in the world) is working on Barwa Al Baraha (also known as Workers City). It was launched after a recent scandal on Dubai's Labour 'Slave' camps in order to set a standard of living and aid in in suggeseting the minimum requirements for a labourer under the new Human Rights Legislation. The project in itself will cost around $1.1 billion and will be a completely integreated city in the Industrial area of Doha. It will include parks, recreational areas, accommodation, malls, and shops for labourers in a beautiful surrounding. The project is set to complete at the end of 2008 in phase one but to be fully completed by mid 2010.^[15]

Notes and references

The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... IMF redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The World Factbook (ISSN 1553-8133; also known as the CIA World Factbook)[2] is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. ... CIA redirects here. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Department of State redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Coordinates: , Emirate Government  - Emir Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Area [1]  - Metro 4,114 km² (1,588. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

The 15th Asian Games, officially known as the XV Asiad, is Asias Olympic-style sporting event that was held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to December 15, 2006. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... Telephones - main lines in use: 142,000 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 43,476 (1997) Telephone system: modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean... Qatar achieved full independence in an atmosphere of cooperation with the U.K. and friendship with neighboring states. ... The cities of Qatar This is a list of cities in Qatar. ... This is a list of topics related to Qatar. ... Qatari Mirage F1 Qatars defense expenditures accounted for approximately 4. ... This is a list of public holidays in Qatar: Weekend (2 Days) - Friday, Saturday Independence Day (1 Day): September 3 (1971, from the United Kingdom) Eid ul-Feter (4 Days) Eid ul-Adha (4 Days) Categories: Qatar-related stubs | Qatar | Public holidays by country ... The Scout and Guide Association of Qatar is the national Scouting and Guiding organization of Qatar. ... // In Qatars pursuit of world-class products and services, the government has launched in 2002 the establishment of the Transport or most commonly known as the Taxi Company - Mowasalat, 100% owned, managed and operated by the government to ensure the smooth provision of Integrated Ground Transport Services for the... Politics of Qatar takes place in a framework of an absolute monarchy whereby the Emir of Qatar is not only head of state, but also the head of government. ... Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani became the Emir of the State of Qatar on June 26, 1995 after deposing his father, who was vacationing in Switzerland at the time. ...

External links

Find more about Qatar on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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	Learning resources

• http://www.oxfordenergy.org/pdfs/NG22.pdf The Dolphin Project: The Development of a Gulf Gas Initiative, by Justin Dargin, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Jan 2008 Working Paper NG #22 ISBN 978-1-901795-69-1
• (Arabic) Ministry of Education
• Dargin, Justin. "Qatar's Natural Gas: the foreign policy driver", Middle East Policy Journal http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1086594/qatars_natural_gas_the_foreignpolicy_driver/index.html
• Supreme Education Council - "Education for a New Era" Reform Initiative
• Ministry of Interior
• The Planning Council

Geographic locale

v • d • e Countries and territories of the Middle East Bahrain · Egypt · Iraq · Iran · Israel · Jordan · Kuwait · Lebanon · Oman · Judea and Samaria · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Syria · United Arab Emirates · Yemen Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into West Bank. ... Greater Middle East: Afghanistan · Cyprus · Pakistan · Sudan · Somalia · Eritrea · Djibouti · Libya · Algeria · Tunisia · Morocco · Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of,1 Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia (LefkoÅŸa in Turkish) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition By Turkey only  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (167th ranked together with Cyprus... 1 The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not officially recognized by the United Nations, recognized only by Turkey; see Cyprus dispute. Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia (LefkoÅŸa in Turkish) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition By Turkey only  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (167th ranked together with Cyprus... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... v • d • e Countries of Southwest Asia Armenia · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Cyprus · Georgia · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Jordan · Kuwait · Lebanon · Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of1 · Oman · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Syria · Turkey · United Arab Emirates · Yemen This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ...  Southwest Asia in most contexts. ... Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia (LefkoÅŸa in Turkish) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition By Turkey only  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (167th ranked together with Cyprus... 1 The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not officially recognized by the United Nations, recognized only by Turkey; see Cyprus dispute. Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia (LefkoÅŸa in Turkish) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition By Turkey only  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (167th ranked together with Cyprus... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... v • d • e Countries of Asia Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · China, People's Republic of · China, Republic of (Taiwan)2 · Cyprus1 · Egypt3 · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia4 · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · Korea, Democratic People's Republic of · Korea, Republic of · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · Timor-Leste (East Timor)4 · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen3 This is an alphabetical list of Asian countries and dependencies. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese: Unity, Action, Progress) Anthem: Pátria Capital (and largest city) Dili Official languages Tetum and Portuguese1 Demonym East Timorese Government Parliamentary republic  -  President José Ramos-Horta  -  Acting President Fernando de Araújo  -  Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão Independence from Portugal²   -  Declared November 28, 1975... For dependent and other territories, see Dependent territory. World map of dependent territories. ... 1 Partly or significantly in Europe.  2 The Republic of China (Taiwan) is not officially recognized by the United Nations; see Political status of Taiwan. 3 Partly or significantly in Africa.  4 Partly or wholly reckoned in Oceania. This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... Taiwan Strait area The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu), should remain the effective territory of the Republic of China (ROC), become unified with the territories now governed by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), or become the Republic of... This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Oceania (disambiguation). ... v • d • e Countries bordering the Persian Gulf  Bahrain This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bahrain. ...  Iran Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ...  Iraq Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ...  Kuwait Image File history File links Flag_of_Kuwait. ...  Oman Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ...  Qatar Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ...  Saudi Arabia Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ...  United Arab Emirates Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates. ... v • d • e Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean Africa Comoros · Djibouti · Eritrea · Kenya · Madagascar · Mauritius · Mayotte · Mozambique · Seychelles · Somalia · Somaliland · South Africa · Sudan · Tanzania Asia Bahrain · Bangladesh · Burma · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Kuwait · Malaysia · Maldives · Oman · Pakistan · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Sri Lanka · Thailand · United Arab Emirates · Yemen Oceania Australia · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands Islands Bahrain · British Indian Ocean Territory · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Madagascar · Maldives · Mauritius · Mayotte · Seychelles · Sri Lanka

International membership

v • d • e Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG) Bahrain · Kuwait · Oman · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · United Arab Emirates This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other territories formerly called Somaliland, see Somaliland (disambiguation). ... Map of The Indian Ocean (CIA FB 2002) File links The following pages link to this file: Indian Ocean Categories: United States government images | Ocean maps ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Oceania (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that GCC - Gulf Cooperation Council be merged into this article or section. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... v • d • e Arab League Members Algeria · Bahrain · Comoros · Djibouti · Egypt · Iraq · Jordan · Kuwait · Lebanon · Libya · Mauritania · Morocco · Oman · Palestine · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Sudan · Somalia · Syria · Tunisia · United Arab Emirates · Yemen Observers Eritrea · India · Venezuela v • d • e Members of the United Nations Security Council Permanent members China · France · Russia · United Kingdom · United States Term ends December 31, 2008 Belgium · Indonesia · Italy · Panama · South Africa Term ends December 31, 2009 Burkina Faso · Costa Rica · Croatia · Libya · Vietnam v • d • e The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Members Afghanistan  · Albania  · Algeria  · Azerbaijan  · Bahrain  · Bangladesh  · Benin  · Burkina Faso  · Brunei  · Cameroon  · Chad  · Comoros  · Côte d'Ivoire  · Djibouti  · Egypt  · Gabon  · Gambia  · Guinea  · Guinea-Bissau  · Guyana  · Indonesia  · Iran  · Iraq  · Jordan  · Kuwait  · Kazakhstan  · Kyrgyzstan  · Lebanon  · Libya  · Maldives  · Malaysia  · Mali  · Mauritania  · Morocco  · Mozambique  · Niger  · Nigeria  · Oman  · Pakistan  · Palestine  · Qatar  · Saudi Arabia  · Senegal  · Sierra Leone  · Somalia  · Sudan  · Suriname  · Syria  · Tajikistan  · Turkey  · Tunisia  · Togo  · Turkmenistan  · Uganda  · Uzbekistan  · United Arab Emirates  · Yemen Observers Countries and territories Bosnia and Herzegovina  · Central African Republic  · Russia  · Thailand  · Northern Cyprus (as Turkish Cypriot State) Muslim communities Moro National Liberation Front International organizations Economic Cooperation Organization  · African Union  · Arab League  · Non-Aligned Movement  · United Nations v • d • e Monarchies Absolute monarchies Brunei · Oman · Saudi Arabia · Swaziland · Vatican Constitutional monarchies Antigua and Barbudac · Australiac · Andorra · Bahamasc · Bahrain · Barbadosc · Belizec · Belgium · Bhutan · Cambodia · Canadac · Denmark · Grenadac · Jamaicac · Japanj · Jordan · Kuwait · Liechtenstein · Lesotho · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Monaco · Netherlands · Morocco · Nepaln · New Zealandc · Norway · Papua New Guineac · Qatarq · Spain · Saint Kitts and Nevisc · Saint Luciac · Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesc · Solomon Islandsc · Sweden · Thailand · Tonga · Tuvaluc · United Arab Emiratesu · United Kingdomc Elective monarchies Andorra · Cambodia · Kuwait · Malaysia · Swaziland · United Arab Emiratesu · Vatican Subnational monarchies Alo (Wallis and Futuna) · Ankole (Uganda) · Ashanti (Ghana) · Buganda (Uganda) · Bunyoro (Uganda) · Busoga (Uganda) · Dagbon (Ghana) · Māori (New Zealand) · Sigave (Wallis and Futuna) · Tibet (China) · Toro (Uganda) · Uvea (Wallis and Futuna) · Yogyakarta (Indonesia) · Zululand (South Africa) (c) All sixteen Commonwealth realms share the same monarch who is represented, except for the U.K., by a Governor-General  · (j) Debatable as to whether the monarch is the true Head of State. · (n) Currently under suspension. · (q) Technically a constitutional monarchy but displays effective properties of an absolute monarchy. (u) Uses the non-monarchical title of President. v • d • e Semitic-speaking nations Arabic / Maltese  Algeria  Jordan  Mauritania  Saudi Arabia  W. Sahara Image File history File links Flag_of_the_League_of_Arab_States. ... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders  -  Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001)  -  Council of the Arab League Sudan  -  Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment  -  Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945  Area  -  Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041... “Palestinian government” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_League_of_Arab_States. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... “Security Council” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2009 (MMIX) will be a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The flag of the Organ of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Membership in the OIC:  Member Members once temporarily suspended Withdrew Observer Attempted to join but blocked OIC redirects here. ... Motto: Unité, Progrès, Justice(French) Unity, Progress, Justice Anthem: Une Seule Nuit(French) One Single Night Capital (and largest city) Ouagadougou Official languages French Demonym Burkinabé Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Blaise Compaoré  -  Prime Minister Tertius Zongo Independence from France   -  Date August 5, 1960  Area  -  Total 274,000 km... The Republic of The Gambia is a country in West Africa. ... “Palestinian government” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_OIC.svg Beschreibung The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). ... Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia (LefkoÅŸa in Turkish) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition By Turkey only  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (167th ranked together with Cyprus... The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is an active Islamic movement in the Southern Philippines. ... Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders  -  Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001)  -  Council of the Arab League Sudan  -  Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment  -  Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945  Area  -  Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Absolute monarchy is a monarchical form of government where the monarch has the power to rule his or her land or country and its citizens freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A constitutional monarchy or limited monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state, as opposed to an absolute monarchy, where the monarch is not... [--168. ... An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by a monarch who is elected by a group. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... Alo, also known unofficially as Tu`a, is one of the three official chiefdoms of the French territory of Wallis and Futuna, which encompasses the eastern two thirds (53 km² out of 83 km²) of Futuna Island, and mostly uninhabited Alofi Island (32 km², pop. ... Ankole, originally known as Nkore, is one of the four traditional kingdoms of Uganda. ... For other uses, see Ashanti (disambiguation). ... The flag of Buganda Buganda is the kingdom of the 52 clans of the Baganda people, the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. ... Bunyoro flag The current Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara and its districts Bunyoro is a region of Uganda, and from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century one of the most powerful kingdoms of East Africa. ... The flag of Busoga Kingdom of Busoga and its districts Busoga is the kingdom of the 11 principalities of the Basoga people, one of the five traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. ... This article is about the Māori people of New Zealand. ... Sigave is one of the three official chiefdoms of the French territory of Wallis and Futuna, which is located on the western part of Futuna Island. ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... Original Kingdom of Toro and its districts Kingdom of Toro since 1993 Toro is one of the four traditional kingdoms located within the borders of Uganda. ... For the Pacific island, see Wallis Island. ... The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. ... Zululand was the Zulu-dominated area of what is now northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ... 14th century BC diplomatic letter in Akkadian, found in Tell Amarna. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Algeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية; transliterated: ; Spanish: Sahara Occidental) is a territory of northwestern Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. ...  Bahrain  Kuwait  Morocco  Sudan  Yemen Image File history File links Flag_of_Bahrain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kuwait. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sudan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ...  Egypt  Lebanon  Oman  Syria Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ...  Iraq  Libya  PNA  Tunisia Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... “Palestinian government” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tunisia. ...  Israel  Malta  Qatar  UAE Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malta. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates. ... UAE redirects here. ... Northwest Semitic (Aramaic and Hebrew)  Iraq  Israel  Syria South Semitic  Eritrea  Ethiopia  Oman  Yemen The Northwest Semitic languages form a medium-level division of the Semitic language family. ... Aramaic is a group of Semitic languages with a 3,000-year history. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... South Semitic is one of the three macro-classifications in Semitic linguistics, the other two being North Semitic (e. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ...