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This article is about Stone Mountain in Georgia, USA. For other uses, see Stone Mountain (disambiguation).

Panoramic view from the top (10Mb)

Stone Mountain

Close up of the carving

Stone Mountain is a granite dome monadnock located in Stone Mountain, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta. At its summit, the elevation is 1,683 feet (513 m) amsl and 825 feet (251.5 m) above the surrounding plateau. By comparison, it is about one fourth the height of El Capitan (3,000 feet) in Yosemite. Image File history File links Information. ... According to the USGS GNIS, there are 31 peaks in the United States named Stone Mountain: This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 80 pixelsFull resolution (14680 × 1476 pixel, file size: 10. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 80 pixelsFull resolution (14680 × 1476 pixel, file size: 10. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Stonemtn2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Stonemtn2. ... Image File history File links Stonemtn. ... Image File history File links Stonemtn. ... A granite dome is a dome of granite, formed by exfoliation. ... A monadnock or inselberg is an isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. ... Stone Mountain is a city in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ... Nickname: Location in Fulton and DeKalb counties in the state of Georgia Coordinates: , Country State Counties Fulton, DeKalb Government  - Mayor Shirley Franklin (D) Area  - City  132. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... ‹ The template below (Unit of length) is being considered for deletion. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... El Capitan is a 3,000-foot (1000m) vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. ... Yosemite National Park (pron. ...

It is well-known not only for its geology, but also for the enormous bas-relief on its north face, the largest bas-relief in the world.^[1] Three figures of the Confederate States of America are carved there: Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and Jefferson Davis. This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Bas relief is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal. ... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion... Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland Petroglyph on Petroglyph Point Petroglyphs on Petroglyph Point Petroglyphs on Petroglyph Point Petroglyphs on Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument Petroglyphs from Scandinavia (Häljesta, Västmanland in Sweden). ... For the 1960s country music artist, see Stonewall Jackson (musician); for the submarine, see USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634). ... // This article is about the Confederate general. ... Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War. ...

Description

The mountain is more than five miles (8 km) in circumference at its base. The summit of the mountain can be reached by a steep walkup trail, which starts near the Confederate Hall and park entrance. Alternatively, the summit can be reached by the Skyride.

The top of the mountain is a surreal landscape of bare rock and rock pools, and it provides views of the surrounding area and the skyline of downtown Atlanta, often Kennesaw Mountain, and on very clear days even the Appalachian Mountains. On some days, however, the top of the mountain is covered in a heavy fog, and visibility can be limited to only a few feet. It is not uncommon during the summer months to find the downtown skyline almost completely obscured by smog. The clear freshwater pools of the summit are formed by rainwater gathering in eroded depressions, and are home to unusual clam shrimps and fairy shrimp. The tiny shrimp appear only during the rainy season, and it is believed that the adult shrimp die when the pools dry up, leaving behind eggs to survive until the next rains. Look up pool in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Central business district. ... Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park is a 2,888 acre (12 km²) in Atlanta, Georgia area that preserves a Civil War battleground of the Atlanta Campaign, and also contains Kennesaw Mountain. ... Appalachians in North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ... It has been suggested that Haze be merged into this article or section. ... Conchostraca is a former order in the Class Branchiopoda. ... Families Artemiidae Grochowski, 1896 Branchinectidae Daday, 1910 Branchipodidae Simon, 1886 Chirocephalidae Daday, 1910 Polyartemiidae Simon, 1886 Streptocephalidae Daday, 1910 Thamnocephalidae Simon, 1886 Fairy shrimp (Anostraca) are branchiopods that include brine shrimp. ...

Leaves of the Georgia oak.

The mountain's lower slopes are wooded. The rare Georgia oak was first discovered at the summit, and several specimens can easily be found along the walk-up trail and in the woods around the base of the mountain. In the fall, the extremely rare Confederate Yellow Daisy (Viguiera Porteri) flowers on the mountain, growing in rock crevices and in the wooded areas. Image File history File links Georgia oak (Quercus georgiana), photo taken 2005 May 06 in Atlanta, Georgia. ... Image File history File links Georgia oak (Quercus georgiana), photo taken 2005 May 06 in Atlanta, Georgia. ... Binomial name Quercus georgiana M. A. Curtis The Georgia oak (Quercus georgiana), also called the Stone Mountain oak, is a rare deciduous oak. ... Binomial name Quercus georgiana M. A. Curtis The Georgia oak (Quercus georgiana), also called the Stone Mountain oak, is a rare deciduous oak. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Geology

Stone Mountain is a pluton, a type of igneous intrusion. Primarily composed of granite, the dome of Stone Mountain was formed some 300 million years ago, during the formation of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the eastern edge or front range of the Appalachian Mountains.^{[citation needed]} It formed as a result of the upwelling of magma from within the Earth's crust. This magma solidified to form granite within the crust below the surface. Pluton redirects here. ... Volcanic rock on North America Plutonic rock on North America Igneous rocks form when rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ... Devils Tower, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. ... Blue Ridge Mountains, Shining Rock Wilderness Area Appalachian Mountain system The Blue Ridge is a mountain chain in the eastern United States, part of the Appalachian Mountains, forming their eastern front from Georgia to Pennsylvania. ... Appalachians in North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ... Magma is molten rock located beneath the surface of the Earth (or any other terrestrial planet), and which often collects in a magma chamber. ... Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. ...

The granite is composed of quartz, feldspar, microcline and muscovite, with smaller amounts of biotite and tourmaline. Embedded in the granite are (xenoliths) or pieces of foreign rocks entrained in the magma. The xenoliths of the Stone Mountain granite are composed of two types of metamorphic rocks; gneiss and amphibolite xenoliths of the country rock torn from the conduit as the granite ascended through the earth's crust. These xenoliths are generally angular, display a foliation, have feathery black amphibole and have a reaction rim of pale yellow orthoclase around them. Quartz (from German Quarz[1]) is the second most common mineral in the Earths continental crust. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Microcline (KAlSi3O8) is an important igneous rock forming tectosilicate mineral. ... Muscovite layer Muscovite, also known as potash mica, is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2. ... A Biotite slice Biotite is a common phyllosilicate mineral that contains potassium, magnesium, iron and aluminium. ... The tourmaline mineral group is chemically one of the most complicated groups of silicate minerals. ... A xenolith A xenolith (Greek: foreign rock) is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latters development and hardening. ... Quartzite, a form of metamorphic rock, from the Museum of Geology at University of Tartu collection. ... Gneiss Gneiss (IPA: ) is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ... Amphibolite Amphibolite (IPA: , ) is the name given to a rock consisting mainly of hornblende amphibole, the use of the term being restricted, however, to metamorphic rocks. ... Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) is an important tectosilicate mineral, which forms igneous rock. ...

Other xenoliths are composed of restite and are generally rounder, lack the amphibole and reaction rims and have weaker foliation. These are cognate inclusions and were presumably the rock which the granite melted from. The presence of abundant metamorphic xenoliths and restite infers that the granite is an S-type granite formed from melting of sedimentary metamorphic rocks. Restite is the residual material left at the site of melting during the in place production of granite through intense metamorphism. ...

The granite displays an east-west foliation and abundant muscovite. The muscovite is probably metamorphic in origin. Late metasomatic veins of black tourmalne, K-feldspar, and amphibole are present through the granite and manifest as pale feldspar-filled fractures, often with large fans of amphibole. Foliation is any penetrative planar fabric present in rocks. ... Metasomatism is a geologic process where metamorphism causes an alteration in a mineral or rock mass that involves a chemical change of the substance with the addition of material, as when chrysolite (olivine) is converted to serpentine basically by the addition of water. ...

The granite intruded into the metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont region during the last stages of the Alleghenian Orogeny, which was the time when North America and North Africa collided. Over time, erosion eventually exposed the present mountain of more resistant igneous rock, in processes similar to those that have exposed Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming.^{[citation needed]} The James River winds its way among piedmont hills in central Virginia. ... The Appalachian Orogeny, a result of three separate continental collisions. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Devils Tower is a monolith (more technically, an igneous intrusion) or volcanic neck located near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ...

Carving

Closeup of carving.

The largest low relief sculpture in the world, the Confederate Memorial Carving, depicts three Confederate heroes of the Civil War, President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The entire carved surface measures three acres, larger than a football field. The carving of the three men towers 400 feet above the ground, measures 90 by 190 feet, and is recessed 42 feet into the mountain. The deepest point of the carving is at Lee's elbow, which is 12 feet to the mountain's surface. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3905x2049, 3226 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stone Mountain Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3905x2049, 3226 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stone Mountain Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to...

In 1912 the carving existed only in the imagination of Mrs. C. Helen Plane, charter member of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). The Venable family, owners of the mountain, deeded the north face of the mountain to the UDC in 1916. The UDC was given 12 years to complete a sizable Civil War monument. Three sculptors worked on the carving during its creation. Gutzon Borglum was hired in 1915 as the carving consultant, and in 1916 he was appointed carving sculptor by the Stone Mountain Monumental Association. Borglum envisioned a carving with seven central figures accompanied by "an army of thousands." He was not able to begin work on the carving until 1923 due to funding problems and World War I. The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) is a sororal association dedicated to honoring the memory of those who served and died in service to the Confederate States of America (CSA). ...

After blasting away large portions of the mountain with dynamite, Borglum was able to complete the head of Lee on January 19, 1924. In 1925 a dispute arose between Borglum and the managing association. As a result of the conflict, Borglum left, taking all of his sketches and models with him. Borglum went on to carve the famous Mount Rushmore sculpture in South Dakota. For the 1960s rock band, see Mount Rushmore (band). ...

Augustus Lukeman, the second sculptor, resumed work on the project in 1925. Lukeman's carving included the three central figures of the Confederacy on horseback. He removed Borglum's work from the mountain and diligently worked with pneumatic drills, but by 1928 (the original deadline) only Lee's head was complete and funds were depleted. The Venable family reclaimed their property, and the massive granite mountain remained untouched for 36 years.

In 1958 the state of Georgia purchased the mountain and the surrounding land. The Georgia General Assembly created the Stone Mountain Memorial Association. In 1960 the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Advisory Committee was composed of six internationally known figures in the world of art. A competition was held, and nine world-renowned sculptors submitted designs for a new sculpture. In 1963, based upon recommendations by the Advisory Committee, the Stone Mountain Memorial Association chose Walker Kirkland Hancock of Gloucester, Massachusetts to complete the carving. Work resumed in 1964, and a new technique utilizing thermo-jet torches was used to carve away the granite. Chief carver Roy Faulkner, a marine veteran with a talent for using the new thermo-jet torch, was able to remove tons of stone in one day. For over eight years Park guests could see and hear the workmen and their jet torches. The figures were completed with the detail of a fine painting. Eyebrows, fingers, buckles and even strands of hair were fine-carved with a small thermo-jet torch. The carving is actually much larger than it appears from Stone Mountain Park's attractions. Workers could easily stand on a horse's ear or inside a horse's mouth to escape a sudden rain shower. A dedication ceremony for the Confederate Memorial Carving was held on May 9, 1970. Finishing touches to the masterpiece were completed in 1972.

History

Carving and Ku Klux Klan

William J. Simmons founded the second Ku Klux Klan atop Stone Mountain in 1915.

The carving on the mountain was conceived in 1909 alone, Confederate President Jefferson Davis, General Stonewall Jackson, and an unidentified soldier. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (573x700, 238 KB) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (573x700, 238 KB) (All user names refer to en. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Ku Klux Klan activities at Stone Mountain are deep-rooted, although the original conception of the memorial pre-dates the 1915 revival of the Klan. The revival of the Ku Klux Klan was emboldened by the release of D. W. Griffith's Klan-glorifying film The Birth of a Nation, and by the lynching of Leo Frank, who was accused of the murder of Mary Phagan.^{[citation needed]} On November 25, 1915, a group of robed and hooded men met at Stone Mountain to create a new incarnation of the Klan, . They were led by William J. Simmons, and they included a group calling itself the Knights of Mary Phagan. A cross was burned, and the oath was administered by Nathan Bedford Forrest II, the grandson of the original Imperial Grand Wizard, Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, and was witnessed by the owner of Stone Mountain, Samuel Venable. (In reaction to this history, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech includes the line "let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.") Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ... David Llewelyn Wark D.W. Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. ... For the 1982 film of the same name, see Birth of a Nation (1982 film). ... It has been suggested that Famous lynchings be merged into this article or section. ... Lucille and Leo Frank at Franks trial. ... Mary Phagan, age 13 Mary Phagan (June 1, 1900 - April 26, 1913), born in Marietta, Georgia was an employee of the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta, on the premises of which she was raped and strangled on April 26, 1913. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 - October 29, 1877), perhaps the American Civil Wars most highly regarded cavalry officer, and one of the wars most innovative and successful generals, developed tactics that soldiers still study even today. ... “MLK” redirects here. ... Martin Luther King, Jr. ...

Fundraising for the monument resumed in 1923, and in October of that year, Venable granted the Klan easement with perpetual right to hold celebrations as they desired.^{[citation needed]} Because of their deep involvement with the early fund-raising and their increasing political clout in Georgia, the Klan, along with the United Daughters of the Confederacy, were able to influence the ideology of the carving, and they strongly supported an explicitly Confederate memorial. Gutzon Borglum was commissioned to do the carving, and he with the Stone Mountain project. Of the $250,000 raised, part came directly from the Ku Klux Klan but part came from the federal government, which in 1924 issued special fifty-cent coins with Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson on them. Mt Rushmore, Black Hills, South Dakota (John) Gutzon Borglum (March 25, 1867 –March 6, 1941). ... Commemorative coinage of the United States consists of coins that have been minted to commemorate a particular event, person or organization. ...

The other side reads "memorial to the valor of the soldier of the South."

With a three-year time limit imposed on the project, Borglum set to work, and by General Lee's birthday in 1924, a formal unveiling of Lee's finished head was held. In 1925, Borglum became involved in disputes with his patrons over the coin money and his support of D. C. Stephenson, and his contract was canceled in February. Before he left Georgia, Borglum smashed his preliminary models in rage. He went on to carve Mount Rushmore. Image File history File links A commemmorative coin that helped to fund the monument at Stone Mountain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links A commemmorative coin that helped to fund the monument at Stone Mountain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... D.C. Stephensons prison mugshot, 1926 David Curtiss (“Steve”) Stephenson (21 August 1891 – 28 June 1966) was Grand Dragon (state leader) of the Indiana Ku Klux Klan, whose conviction for murder led to the end of the second wave of Klan activity. ... For the 1960s rock band, see Mount Rushmore (band). ...

In April 1925, Augustus Lukeman was hired to complete the work, and three years later Borglum's finished work was dynamited from the face of the mountain. Funds ran dry, however, and he had only completed Lee's head when the project was cancelled because of lateness and insufficient funds in 1928. When Lukeman died in 1935, the uncompleted project had not been worked on for several years, and the property reverted to the Venable family, the previous owners. Henry Augustus Lukeman (1871-1935) was an American sculptor, specialising in historical monuments. ...

The state expressed an interest in the carving, the mountain and surrounding land, but it was not until April 11, 1956, that the Venable family gave the land encompassing Stone Mountain to the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial, Inc. is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1958, at the urging of Governor Marvin Griffin, the Georgia legislature approved a measure to purchase Stone Mountain for $1,125,000. In 1963, Walker Hancock was selected to complete the carving, and work began in 1964. The carving was completed by Roy Faulkner, who later operated a museum (now closed) on nearby Memorial Drive commemorating the carving's history. The carving was considered complete^[2] on March 3, 1972. Samuel Marvin Griffin (September 4, 1907 - June 13, 1982) was a politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. ... Walker Kirkland Hancock (born June 28, 1901, St. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Klan held a major meeting at Stone Mountain in 1975, and at Venable's invitation, the Klan held annual Labor Day meetings on Venable's nearby property, where 60-foot (18 m) tall crosses were burned. Labour Day (or Labor Day) is an annual holiday that resulted from efforts of the labour union movement, to celebrate the economic and social achievements of workers. ...

In order to remove the perpetual easement grant to the Klan, the state condemned its own land. Once condemned, all legal rights to use the land lay only with the state, and the state subsequently reestablished the park. Since this action, no Klan meetings have been held on the property.

Plane crashes

On September 16, 2003, a small airplane crashed around dusk into the back of the mountain, a remote cliff area which is not normally accessible.^[3] The pilot, the airplane's only occupant, was confirmed dead, and although the official accident report notes no probable cause, a witness "stated that the accident pilot threatened on multiple occasions when she knew him to commit suicide by flying into Stone Mountain." Firefighters had to take the Skyride up and then rappel more than halfway down to the site of the plane's wreckage. // 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr declared Prince of Wales by his followers. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as aeroplanes in Commonwealth English (excluding Canada) or airplanes in North American English. ... In British English, abseiling (from the German abseilen, to rope down) is the process of descending on a fixed rope. ...

According to George Weiblen's annotated calendar for Monday, May 7, 1928: "Mail plane crashed on mountain at 8:00 P.M." is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The only other known crash on the mountain was in 1957.^{[citation needed]}

Present

Stone Mountain walk-up trail.

Stone Mountain riverboat

Carillon At Stone Mountain Park

The mountain top and Skyride

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 242 KB) The Stone Mountain walkup trail in Georgia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 242 KB) The Stone Mountain walkup trail in Georgia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (512x768, 192 KB) Summary I took this picture on a visit to the park the week after Memorial Day, 2005. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (512x768, 192 KB) Summary I took this picture on a visit to the park the week after Memorial Day, 2005. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1015 KB) Stone Mountain cable ride File links The following pages link to this file: Stone Mountain ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1015 KB) Stone Mountain cable ride File links The following pages link to this file: Stone Mountain ...

Park

Stone Mountain Park, which surrounds the Confederate memorial, is owned by the state of Georgia and managed by the Stone Mountain Memorial Association, a Georgia state authority. The Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation currently has a long-term contract to operate the park and its attractions. Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation is a privately owned themed-entertainment company that operates several themed attractions within the United States. ...

During the 1996 Summer Olympics, Stone Mountain Park provided venues for Olympic events in archery, tennis, and cycling. The 8,200-seat tennis stadium was a permanent venue, and the venues for archery and cycling were temporary. The 1996 Summer Olympics, formally known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and informally known as the Centennial Olympics, were held in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. ... Archery is the practice of using a bow to shoot arrows. ... For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation). ... Police officer on a bicycle Cycling is a means of transport, a form of recreation, and a sport. ...

The Confederate Hall, operated directly by the Stone Mountain Memorial Association or SMMA, is a museum that educates park guests and local students on the geology and ecology of Stone Mountain, together with the history of the war in Georgia.

There are several hiking trails including a 1.3 mile trail from Confederate Hall to the top of Stone Mountain and a 6 mile trail around the mountain. The park also offers camping,fishing,picnic sites and golfing.

Other attractions are operated by the commercial operators, and include:

• The Skyride, a Swiss built cable-car to the summit of the mountain, passes by the carving on the way up.
• The Scenic Railroad, a standard gauge railroad that circles the entire circumference of the mountain in a loop, provides views of the mountain en route. For years the railroad utilized three authentic steam locomotives to pull trains and a diesel-powered trolley nicknamed The Dinkey. However in the mid-1980s the steam locomotives and the trolley were retired in favor of diesel locomotives, because of maintenance costs.
• The Riverboat offers a scenic cruise aboard a reproduction Mississippi riverboat on 363-acre (147 ha) Stone Mountain Lake.
• The Antebellum Plantation and Farmyard is composed of original buildings, built between 1790 and 1845, which have been re-erected here to represent a pre-Civil War Georgia plantation.
• A 732-bell carillon that originated at the 1964 New York World's Fair, provides a daily concert.
• A covered bridge, dating from 1892, which originally spanned the Oconee River in Athens, Georgia.
• A grist mill, dating from 1869 and moved to the park in 1965.
• "Crossroads", a recreation of an 1872 southern town including a modern 4-D movie theater which currently features an exploration of the history of some folk stories.

Aerial tramway suspended on two track cables with an additional haulage rope Cable car at Zell am See in the Austrian Alps. ... As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ... This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ... A modern Diesel locomotive. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... A riverboat is a specialized watercraft (vessel) designed for operating on inland waterways. ... // This article is about crop plantations. ... For the University of Regina student newspaper, see The Carillon. ... View of the New York Worlds Fair 1964/1965 as seen from the observation towers of the New York State pavilion. ... A covered bridge is a bridge, often single-lane, with enclosed sides and a roof. ... The Oconee River is a river which has its origin in Hall County, Georgia and terminates 170 miles later where it joins the Ocmulgee River to form the Altamaha River near Lumber City at the borders of Montgomery County, Wheeler County, and Jeff Davis County. ... Athens-Clarke County is a unified city-county in Georgia, U.S., in the northeastern part of the state, at the eastern terminus of Georgia 316. ... A grist mill is a place where grains are ground into flour. ...

Transmitter

The short broadcast tower on the top of the mountain transmits two non-commercial stations: television station WGTV channel 8, and weatheradio station KEC80. FM radio station WABE was located on this tower from 1984 until 2005, when it was required to relocate to accommodate WGTV's digital conversion. Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In telecommunications, transmission is the act of transmitting electrical messages (and the associated phenomena of radiant energy that passes through media). ... A non-commercial enterprise is work that values other considerations above and beyond that of making a profit. ... A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and video to television receivers in a particular area. ... WGTV TV channel 8 (DTV 12) is the metro Atlanta station for Georgia Public Broadcasting, Georgias Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) network. ... Channel, in communications (sometimes called communications channel), refers to the medium used to convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver. ... Weatheradio is a special radio service available over much of North America that transmits weather warnings and forecasts 24 hours a day. ... The abbreviations FM, Fm, and fm may refer to: Electrical engineering Frequency modulation (FM) and its most common applications: FM broadcasting, used primarily to broadcast music and speech at VHF frequencies FM synthesis, a sound-generation technique popularized by early digital synthesizers Science Femtometre (fm), an SI measure of length... A radio station is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves (a form of electromagnetic radiation) from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. ... WABE 90. ...

References

1. ^ "Stone Mountain", georgia.gov; retrieved February 2007
2. ^ "Stone Mountain History", stonemountainpark.org; retrieved February 2007
3. ^ http://ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20030922X01565

• James W. Loewen (1999). Lies Across America: What Our Historic Sites Get Wrong. New Press. ISBN 1-56584-344-4. 
• Deborah Yost (1997). Georgia's Stone Mountain Park. Aerial Photography Services, Inc. ISBN 1-880970-11-2. 
• Golden Ink (1994-2003). About North Georgia: Stone Mountain. Retrieved July 29, 2005.
• Stone Mountain Memorial Association (2005). Stone Mountain: Ecosystem. Retrieved July 30, 2005.
• United Daughters of the Confederacy(2007). Georgia Division, United Daughters of the Confederacy.

External links

• Stone Mountain article, from the New Georgia Encyclopedia
• Stone Mountain Park website, from the state authority that owns the park
• City of Stone Mountain, Georgia, from the City of Stone Mountain
• Main Street Stone Mountain
• Stone Mountain Park and City Information

Coordinates: 33°48′21.40″N, 84°8′43.52″W The Georgia Department of Natural Resources is the Georgia administrative agency charged with the responsibility of regulating hunting, fishing, boating, and nongame plants and animals. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...