NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Toothbrush

The toothbrush is an instrument used to clean teeth, consisting of a small brush on a handle. Toothpaste, often containing fluoride, is commonly added to a toothbrush to aid in cleaning. Toothbrushes are offered with varying textures of bristles, and come in many different sizes and forms. Most dentists recommend using a toothbrush labelled "Soft", since firmer bristled toothbrushes can damage tooth enamel and irritate gums as indicated by the American Dental Association.^{[citation needed]} Toothbrushes are often made from synthetic fibers, although natural toothbrushes are also known in many parts of the world. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x3072, 167 KB) Summary Description: Image of a toothbrush in a cup. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x3072, 167 KB) Summary Description: Image of a toothbrush in a cup. ... Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ... Paintbrush redirects here. ... Modern toothpaste gel Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. ... Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine. ... X-rays can reveal if a person has cavities Dentistry is the practical application of knowledge of dental science (the science of placement, arrangement, function of teeth) to human beings. ... Tooth enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance of the body , and with dentin, cementum, and dental pulp is one of the four major parts of the tooth. ... The gingiva (sing. ... The American Dental Association (ADA) is an American advocacy group that promotes Oral Health Care and the field of dentistry. ... Synthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by scientists to increase and improve upon the supply of naturally occurring animal and plant fibers that have been used in making cloth and rope. ...

History

A variety of oral hygiene measures have been used since before recorded history. This has been verified by various excavations done all over the world, in which toothpicks, chewsticks, tree twigs, strips of linen, bird feathers, animal bones and porcupine quills were recovered. The first modern idea of a toothbrush is believed to have been invented in China around 1600. However, many other peoples used different forms of toothbrushes. Ancient Indian medicine has used the neem tree and its products to create toothbrushes and similar products for millenia. In the Muslim world, the miswak, or siwak, made from a twig or root with antiseptic properties is widely used. Rubbing baking soda or chalk against the teeth was also common. Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean. ... Wood toothpicks A Toothpick A toothpick is a piece of plastic or other substance such as wood (in this case it may be known as an interdental woodstick) used to remove detritus from the teeth, usually after a meal. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A twig is a small terminal branch section that bears leaves, buds and usually the flowers and fruit of plants. ... Torn linen cloth, recovered from the Dead Sea Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax plant. ... Two feathers Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. ... Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ... Genera Family Erethizontidae Coendou Sphiggurus Erethizon Echinoprocta Chaetomys Family Hystricidae Atherurus Hystrix Thecurus Trichys This article is about the rodent mammal. ... Ancient India may refer to: the ancient History of India, which generally includes the ancient history of the whole Indian subcontinent the legendary Kingdoms of Ancient India in Sanskrit literature the Iron Age Mahajanapadas the Middle kingdoms of India of Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Category: ... Binomial name Azadirachta indica A.Juss. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The miswak (miswaak, siwak) is a natural toothbrush made from the twigs of the Salvadora persica tree. ... An antiseptic solution of iodine applied to a cut Antiseptics (Greek Î±Î½Ï„Î¯, against, and ÏƒÎ·Ï€Ï„Î¹ÎºÏŒÏ‚, putrefactive) are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. ... Sodium bicarbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. ... The Needles,situated on the Isle Of Wight, are part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation. ...

William Addis of England is credited with creating the first mass-produced toothbrush in 1780. In 1770 he had been placed in jail for causing a riot. While in prison, he decided that the method for teeth brushing of the time – rubbing a rag on one's teeth with soot and salt – could be improved. So he took a small animal bone, drilled small holes in it, obtained some bristles from a guard, tied them in tufts, then passed the bristles through the holes on the bone and glued them. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1351x1838, 245 KB) Who is the author, and when did that person die? Das Album, Paris und Leipzig. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1351x1838, 245 KB) Who is the author, and when did that person die? Das Album, Paris und Leipzig. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Look up rag, Rag in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Soot, also called lampblack, Pigment Black 7, carbon black or black carbon, is a dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, usually composed mainly of amorphous carbon, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smokeâ€”especially from the combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in the... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ...

The first patent for a toothbrush was by H. N. Wadsworth in 1850 in the United States, but mass production of the product in America only started in 1885. The rather advanced design had a bone handle with holes bored into it for the Siberian Boar hair bristles. Boar wasn't an ideal material; it retained bacteria, it didn't dry well, and the bristles would often fall out of the brush. It wasn't until World War II, however, that the concept of brushing teeth really caught on in the U.S., in part due to the fact that it was part of American soldiers' regular daily duty to clean their teeth. It was a practice that they brought back to their home life after the conclusion of the war.^{[citation needed]} A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an invention. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Natural bristles (from animal hair) were replaced by synthetic fibers, usually nylon, by DuPont in 1938. The first nylon bristle toothbrush, made with nylon yarn, went on sale on February 24, 1938. The first electric toothbrush, the Broxodent, was introduced by the Bristol-Myers Company (now Bristol-Myers Squibb) at the centennial of the American Dental Association in 1959. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1145x799, 277 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Toothbrush Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1145x799, 277 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Toothbrush Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... For the film, see Hair (film). ... Synthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by scientists to increase and improve upon the supply of naturally occurring animal and plant fibers that have been used in making cloth and rope. ... Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers first produced on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at DuPont. ... Dupont, DuPont, Du Pont, or du Pont may refer to: // E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the worlds third largest chemical company Du Pont Motors Gilbert Dupont, a French stock brokerage part of retail banking network CrÃ©dit du Nord ST Dupont, a French manufacturer of fine... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Electric toothbrush, made by Braun. ... Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY), colloquially referred to as BMS, is a pharmaceutical corporation, formed by a 1989 merger between pharmaceutical companies Bristol-Myers Company, founded in 1887 by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers in Clinton, NY (both were graduates of Hamilton College), and Squibb Corporation. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In January 2003, the toothbrush was selected as the number one invention Americans could not live without, beating out the automobile, computer, cell phone, and microwave oven, according to the Lemelson-MIT Invention Index.^[1] 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Karl Benzs Velo model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race An automobile (or motorcar; often simply car; also auto, motor) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. ... The Altair 8800 was among the first microcomputers to be affordable by an individual, although it initially lacked peripherals and memory. ... Several mobile phones A mobile telephone or cellular telephone (commonly, mobile phone or cell phone) is a long-range, portable electronic device used for mobile communication. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Microwave oven and Microwave heating. ... Jerome Jerry Hal Lemelson (July 18, 1923 Staten Island, New York - October 1, 1997) was a prolific and controversial American inventor and patent holder. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...

Electric toothbrushes

The first electric toothbrush was developed in 1939 in Scotland, but did not appear on the open market until the 1960s, when it was marketed as the Broxodent in the United States by Squibb.^{[citation needed]} In 1961, General Electric introduced a rechargeable cordless toothbrush that moved up and down when activated.^{[citation needed]} Electric toothbrush, made by Braun. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 230 KB) Description: Electric toothbrush, photo taken in Sweden Source: Photo taken by Jonas Bergsten using a Canon PowerShot G3. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 230 KB) Description: Electric toothbrush, photo taken in Sweden Source: Photo taken by Jonas Bergsten using a Canon PowerShot G3. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II - First Minister... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY), colloquially referred to as BMS, is a pharmaceutical corporation, formed by a 1989 merger between pharmaceutical companies Bristol-Myers Company, founded in 1887 by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers in Clinton, NY (both were graduates of Hamilton College), and Squibb Corporation. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... GE redirects here. ...

In 1987, the first rotary action toothbrush for home use, the Interplak, appeared in shops for the general public.^{[citation needed]} There are currently many different varieties of model that use this mechanism. Research shows that they tend to be somewhat (but not extremely) more effective at removing plaque and preventing gingival bleeding than manual toothbrushes and vibrating toothbrushes.^{[citation needed]} Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Improper removal of plaque caused a build up of calculus (dark yellow colour) near the gums on almost all the teeth. ... The gingiva, or gums, consist of the tissue surrounding the roots of the teeth and covering the jawbone. ...

See also

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean. ... Dental hygienist flossing a patients teeth Dental floss is either a bundle of thin nylon filaments or a plastic (teflon or polyethylene) ribbon used to remove food and dental plaque from teeth. ... Modern toothpaste gel Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. ... chewable toothbrushes A chewable toothbrush is a little plastic moulded toothbrush that can be used when no water is available. ... Electric toothbrush, made by Braun. ... The miswak (miswaak, siwak) is a natural toothbrush made from the twigs of the Salvadora persica tree. ...

External links

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since June 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since April 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | Dental equipment | Oral hygiene Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Periodontology is the branch of dentistry concerned with the health of the tooth supporting structures, ie. ... X-Ray picture of two rectangular dental implants inserted into the jaw. ... PeBold textriodontium is a word of Medical terminology for the specialized tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. ... The alveolar process (processus alveolaris), also referred to as the alveolar bone, is the bone found in the jaws of a mouth containing the socket of teeth. ... Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically. ... Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth. ... The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. ... The gingiva (sing. ... The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue. ... The junctional epithelium is that epithelium which lies at, and in health also defines, the base of the gingival sulcus. ... The mucogingival junction is the interface between the more apically located alveolar mucosa and the more coronally located attached gingiva of the gingiva. ... // Headline text The periodontal ligaments are considered part of the periodontium, as they are supporting tissue of a tooth. ... The sulcular epithelium is that epithelium which lines the gingival sulcus. ... Photograph of the upper left quandrant, showing teeth #4-8, with a DO amalgam on #5. ... Aa, as this species is commonly referred to, is a bacteria found in severe infections in the oral cavity, mainly the periodontium. ... Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the Bacteroides genus and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. ... Calculus (dark yellow colour) can be seen on almost all teeth near the gums In dentistry, calculus or tartar refers to hardened plaque on the teeth, formed by the presence of saliva, debris, and minerals. ... Edentulism is is the condition of being completely toothless. ... == Fremitus: Medical Term and Christian Outreach== Medical Term and a Christian Outreach Fremitus is a palpable vibration on the human body. ... Gingival enlargement, the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease. ... A drawing depicting the relationship of a tooth to the surrounding gingival tissue. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Occlusal trauma is a dental term that refers to the damage incurred when teeth are left in traumatic occlusion without proper treatment. ... A drawing depicting the relationship of a tooth to the surrounding gingival tissue. ... Periodontitis a disease involving inflammation of the gums (gingiva), often persisting unnoticed for years or decades in a patient, that results in loss of bone around teeth. ... Improper removal of plaque caused a build up of calculus (dark yellow colour) near the gums on almost all the teeth. ... Receding gums (gingival recession) refers to a loss of gum tissue resulting in an exposure in the roots of the teeth. ... Bleeding on probing is a term used by dentists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. ... Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a chemical antiseptic, to combat both gram positive and gram negative microbes. ... Dental hygienist flossing a patients teeth Dental floss is either a bundle of thin nylon filaments or a plastic (teflon or polyethylene) ribbon used to remove food and dental plaque from teeth. ... Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colourless in a dilute solution, slightly more viscous than water. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean. ... Tetracycline (INN) (IPA: ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. ... A periodontal probe is an instrument in dentistry commonly used in the dental armamentarium. ... Debridement is a medical term referring to the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue. ... The objective of scaling and root planing, otherwise known as conventional periodontal therapy, is to remove or eliminate the etiologic agents which cause inflammation: dental plaque, its products and calculus,[1] thus helping to establish a periodontium that is free of disease. ... A bone graft is a surgical procedure where bone is taken from a donor site and placed elsewhere within the patient. ... Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically. ... A gingivectomy is a periodontal surgical procedure which includes the removal of gingival tissue in order to achieve a more esthetic appearance and/or functional contour. ... X-Ray picture of two rectangular dental implants inserted into the jaw. ...

Contents

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Electric toothbrushes

See also

External links

History