 Example showing effect of vector graphics versus raster graphics. The original vector-based illustration is at the left. The upper-right image illustrates magnification of 7x as a vector image. The lower-right image illustrates the same magnification as a bitmap image. Raster images are based on pixels and thus scale with loss of clarity, while vector-based images can be scaled indefinitely without degrading. Vector graphics (also called geometric modeling or object-oriented graphics) is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons, which are all based upon mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics. It is used in contrast to the term raster graphics, which is the representation of images as a collection of pixels, and used as the sole graphic type for actual photographic images. Image File history File links Mergefrom. ...
Graphical displays for early computers used vector monitors, a type of CRT similar to the oscilloscope but typically using magnetic, rather than electrostatic, deflection. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
In geometry, a primitive is the simplest of default geometrical figures or shapes. ...
A spatial point is an entity with a location in space but no extent (volume, area or length). ...
Line redirects here. ...
In mathematics, the concept of a curve tries to capture the intuitive idea of a geometrical one-dimensional and continuous object. ...
Look up polygon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up image in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about the scientific discipline of computer graphics. ...
Imagine the smiley face in the top left corner as an RGB bitmap image. ...
This article is about the picture element. ...
Overview Most computer displays translate vector representations of an image to a raster format. The drawing software is used for creating and editing vector graphics. The image can be changed by editing these objects. They can be stretched, twisted, coloured, and so on with a series of tools. The raster image containing a value for every pixel on the screen is stored in memory. Starting in the earliest days of computing in the 1950s and into the 1980s, a different type of display, the vector graphics system, was used. In these "calligraphic" systems the electron beam of the CRT display monitor was steered directly to trace out the shapes required, line segment by line segment, with the rest of the screen remaining black. This process was repeated many times a second ("stroke refresh") to achieve a flicker-free or near flicker-free picture. These systems allowed very high-resolution line art and moving images to be displayed without the (for that time) unthinkably huge amounts of memory that an equivalent-resolution raster system would have needed, and allowed entire subpictures to be moved, rotated, blinked, etc. by modifying only a few words of the graphic data "display file." These vector-based monitors were also known as X-Y displays. A screenshot of the xfig vector graphics editor A screenshot of the modern vector graphics editor Xara Xtreme A vector graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to compose and edit vector graphics images interactively on the computer screen (compare with MetaPost) and save them in one of...
A schematic diagram of a Crookes tube apparatus. ...
Cathode ray tube employing electromagnetic focus and deflection Cutaway rendering of a color CRT: 1. ...
The geometric definition of a line segment In geometry, a line segment is a part of a line that is bounded by two end points, and contains every point on the line between its end points. ...
A special type of vector display is known as the storage tube, which has a video tube that operates very similar to an Etch A Sketch. As the electron beam moves across the screen, an array of small low-power electron flood guns keep the path of the beam continuously illuminated. This allows the video display itself to act as a memory storage for the computer. The detail and resolution of the image can be very high, and the vector computer could slowly paint out paragraphs of text and complex images over a period of a few minutes, while the storage display kept the previously written parts continuously visible. The image retention of a storage display can last for many hours with the vector storage display powered, but the screen can clear instantly with the push of a button or a signal from the driving vector computer. Mostly obsolete, a storage tube is a special monochromatic CRT whose screen has a kind of memory (hence the name): when a portion of the screen is illuminated by the CRTs electron gun, it stays lit until a screen erase command is given. ...
The classic red-and-white Etch-A-Sketch model Etch-A-Sketch is a toy invented in 1959 by Frenchman Arthur Granjean that was introduced commercially by the Ohio Art Company in 1960. ...
 Vectorising is good for removing unnecessary detail from a photograph. This is especially useful for information graphics or line art. (Images were converted to JPEG for display on this page.)
 An original reference photograph.
 Detail can be added or removed from vector art, vector illustrations can have their own colours, allowing artists to achieve desired results. One of the first uses of vector graphic displays was the US SAGE air defense system. Vector graphics systems were only retired from U.S. en route air traffic control in 1999, and are likely still in use in military and specialised systems. Vector graphics were also used on the TX-2 at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory by computer graphics pioneer Ivan Sutherland to run his program Sketchpad in 1963. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
The Washington Metro subway map Information graphics or infographics are visual representations of information, data or knowledge. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Line Art. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
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Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
SAGE Sector Control Room. ...
For the Canadian musical group, see Air Traffic Control (band). ...
The MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-2 computer was the successor to the Lincoln TX-0 and was known for its role in advancing both artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. ...
“MIT†redirects here. ...
MIT Lincoln Laboratory, also known as Lincoln Lab, is a federally funded research and development center managed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and funded by the United States Department of Defense. ...
Ivan Sutherland Ivan Sutherland, working at MIT (1963) Ivan Edward Sutherland (born 1938 in Hastings, Nebraska) is a computer programmer and Internet pioneer. ...
Sketchpad was a revolutionary computer program written by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in the course of his PhD thesis. ...
Subsequent vector graphics systems include Digital's GT40 [1]. There was a home gaming system that used vector graphics called Vectrex as well as various arcade games like Asteroids and Space Wars. Storage scope displays, such as the Tektronix 4014, could also create dynamic vector images by driving the display at a lower intensity. The DEC logo Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ...
The Vectrex is an 8-bit video game console developed by General Consumer Electric (GCE) and later bought by Milton Bradley Company. ...
Centipede by Atari is a typical example of a 1980s era arcade game. ...
Asteroids is a popular vector-based video arcade game released in 1979 by Atari. ...
Space Wars was the first vector-graphics arcade game. ...
The Tektronix 4014 was an early text and graphics computer terminal based on the companys own storage tube technology. ...
Modern vector graphics displays can sometimes be found at laser light shows, using two fast-moving X-Y mirrors to rapidly draw shapes and text on a large screen. Copper Bromide laser in operation. ...
A mirror, reflecting a vase. ...
The term vector graphics is mainly used today in the context of two-dimensional computer graphics. It is one of several modes an artist can use to create an image on a raster display. Other modes include text, multimedia and 3D rendering. Virtually all modern 3D rendering is done using extensions of 2D vector graphics techniques. Plotters used in technical drawing still draw vectors directly to paper. Look up Multimedia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
3D rendering is the 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire frame models into 2D images with 3D photorealistic effects on a computer. ...
For other uses, see Plot. ...
Motivation For example, consider circle of radius r. The main pieces of information a program needs in order to draw this circle are Circle illustration This article is about the shape and mathematical concept of circle. ...
This article is about an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol. ...
The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ...
A computer program is a collection of instructions that describe a task, or set of tasks, to be carried out by a computer. ...
- that the following data are describing a circle
- the radius r and equation of a circle
- the location of the center point of the circle
- stroke line style and colour (possibly transparent)
- fill style and colour (possibly transparent)
Advantages to this style of drawing over raster graphics: For scale drawings or plans, see Plans (drawings). ...
Imagine the smiley face in the top left corner as an RGB bitmap image. ...
- This minimal amount of information translates to a much smaller file size compared to large raster images (the size of representation doesn't depend on the dimensions of the object), though a vector graphic with a small file size is often said to lack detail compared with a real world photo.
- Correspondingly, one can indefinitely zoom in on e.g. a circle arc, and it remains smooth. On the other hand, a polygon representing a curve will reveal being not really curved.
- On zooming in, lines and curves need not get wider proportionally. Often the width is either not increased or less than proportional. On the other hand, irregular curves represented by simple geometric shapes may be made proportionally wider when zooming in, to keep them looking smooth and not like these geometric shapes.
- The parameters of objects are stored and can be later modified. This means that moving, scaling, rotating, filling etc. doesn't degrade the quality of a drawing. Moreover, it is usual to specify the dimensions in device-independent units, which results in the best possible rasterization on raster devices.
- From a 3-D perspective, rendering shadows is also much more realistic with vector graphics, as shadows can be abstracted into the rays of light which form them. This allows for photo realistic images and renderings.
This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary. ...
Look up size in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
2-dimensional renderings (ie. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The term scaling can have several manings: Scaling can be defined as the determination of the interdependency of variables in a physical system. ...
This article is about rotation as a movement of a physical body. ...
Fill may refer to: In civil engineering, a fill is an artificial ridge or dam of earth or gravel (fill dirt) constructed to support a prepared right-of-way such as a railroad or highway across a valley or depression. ...
For the Talib Kweli album Quality (album) Quality can refer to a. ...
Rasterization is the task of taking an image described in an outline format, and converting it into a series of dots for output on a dot matrix display or printer. ...
In computer hardware, a peripheral device is any device attached to a computer in order to expand its functionality. ...
Typical primitive objects This list is not complete. There are various types of curves (Catmull-Rom splines, NURBS etc.), which are useful in certain applications. This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary. ...
Look up polygon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Circle illustration This article is about the shape and mathematical concept of circle. ...
For other uses, see Ellipse (disambiguation). ...
Cubic Bézier curve In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, a Bézier curve is a parametric curve important in computer graphics. ...
In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis and in computer graphics a Bézier spline is a spline curve where each polynomial of the spline is in Bézier form. ...
In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme or a grapheme-like unit or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language. ...
TrueType is an outline font standard originally developed by Apple Computer in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobes Type 1 fonts used in PostScript. ...
In mathematics, a Catmull-Rom spline is a cardinal spline with a tension of 0. ...
NURBS, short for nonuniform rational B-spline, is a computer graphics technique for drawing curves. ...
Often, a bitmap image is considered as a primitive object. From the conceptual view, it behaves as a rectangle. Imagine the smiley face in the top left corner as an RGB bitmap image. ...
In geometry, a rectangle is defined as a quadrilateral where all four of its angles are right angles. ...
Vector operations Vector graphics editors typically allow rotation, movement, mirroring, stretching, skewing, affine transformations, changing of z-order and combination of primitives into more complex objects. A screenshot of the xfig vector graphics editor A screenshot of the modern vector graphics editor Xara Xtreme A vector graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to compose and edit vector graphics images interactively on the computer screen (compare with MetaPost) and save them in one of...
In geometry, an affine transformation or affine map (from the Latin, affinis, connected with) between two vector spaces (strictly speaking, two affine spaces) consists of a linear transformation followed by a translation: In the finite-dimensional case each affine transformation is given by a matrix A and a vector b...
Z-order is an ordering of overlapping two-dimensional objects, such as windows in a graphical user interface (GUI) or shapes in a vector graphics editor. ...
More sophisticated transformations include set operations on closed shapes (union, difference, intersection, etc.). In mathematics, a transformation in elementary terms is any of a variety of different functions from geometry, such as rotations, reflections and translations. ...
In logic and mathematics, an operation ω is a function of the form ω : X1 × … × Xk → Y. The sets Xj are the called the domains of the operation, the set Y is called the codomain of the operation, and the fixed non-negative integer k is called the arity of the operation. ...
Look up shape in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In set theory and other branches of mathematics, the union of a collection of sets is the set that contains everything that belongs to any of the sets, but nothing else. ...
In set theory and other branches of mathematics, two kinds of complements are defined, the relative complement and the absolute complement. ...
In mathematics, the intersection of two sets A and B is the set that contains all elements of A that also belong to B (or equivalently, all elements of B that also belong to A), but no other elements. ...
Vector graphics are ideal for simple or composite drawings that need to be device-independent, or do not need to achieve photo-realism. For example, the PostScript and PDF page description languages use a vector graphics model. This article is about the art movement. ...
For the literary term, see Postscript. ...
“PDF†redirects here. ...
A page description language (PDL) is a language that describes the contents of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap. ...
Advanced vector artists are developing more photo-realistic vector art every day. With the use of Adobe Illustrator, the mesh tool has been extremely helpful in advancing the realism of vector graphics and pushing the technology to the edge.
Printing Vector art is key for printing. Since the art is made from a series of mathematical curves it will print very crisp even when resized. For instance one can take the same vector logo and print it on a business card, and then enlarge it to billboard size and keep the same crisp quality. A low-resolution raster graphic would blur incredibly if it were enlarged from business card size to billboard size. For other uses, see Print. ...
Attorney business card 1895 Business cards are cards bearing business information about a company or individual. ...
Billboard redirects here. ...
Suppose the smiley face in the top left corner is an RGB bitmap image. ...
3D modeling In 3D computer graphics, vectorized surface representations are most common (bitmaps can be used for special purposes such as surface texturing, height-field data and bump mapping). At the low-end, simple meshes of polygons are used to represent geometric detail in applications where interactive frame rates or simplicity are important. At the high-end, where one is willing to trade-off higher rendering times for increased image quality and precision, smooth surface representations such as Bézier patches, NURBS or Subdivision surfaces are used. One can however achieve a smooth surface rendering from a polygonal mesh through the use of shading algorithms such as Phong and Gouraud. This article is about process of creating 3D computer graphics. ...
A sphere without bump mapping. ...
A mesh is a collection of vertices and polygons that define the shape of an object in 3D computer graphics. ...
Look up polygon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. ...
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Simplicity Simplicity is the property, condition, or quality of being simple or un-combined. ...
For the Talib Kweli album Quality (album) Quality can refer to a. ...
In Wikipedia, precision has the following meanings: In engineering, science, industry and statistics, precision characterises the degree of mutual agreement among a series of individual measurements, values, or results - see accuracy and precision. ...
An open surface with X-, Y-, and Z-contours shown. ...
A Bézier surface is a parametric tensor product surface defined by mathematical formulae, used in computer graphics, computer-aided design, and finite element modelling. ...
NURBS, short for nonuniform rational B-spline, is a computer graphics technique for drawing curves. ...
In computer graphics, subdivision surfaces are used to create smooth surfaces out of arbitrary meshes. ...
An application of the Phong reflection model. ...
Gouraud shaded sphere - note the inaccuracies towards the edges of the polygons. ...
Formats -
One example of vector graphics format is SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), an open standard created and developed by the World Wide Web Consortium to address the need (and attempts of several corporations) for a versatile, scriptable and all-purpose vector format for the web and otherwise. Image file formats provide a standardized method of organizing and storing image data. ...
SVG redirects here. ...
This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ...
WWWC redirects here. ...
The term DOM Scripting refers to programatically accessing the Document Object Model (DOM). ...
See also cairo is a free software graphics library with multiple backends that provides a vector based device-independent API for software developers. ...
CADD and CAD redirect here. ...
For other uses, see Map (disambiguation). ...
In computer graphics, graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Comparison of graphics file formats. ...
GXL (Graph eXchange Language) or GRANT EXTRA LARGE DISCOS is designed to be a standard exchange format for graphs. ...
The following is a list of vector graphics editors. ...
The following is a list of vector graphics markup languages. ...
Raster to vector refers to software and hardware technology for converting raster graphics to vector graphics; the process is called vectorisation. ...
Shapefile is a widely used for spatial data file format format used in geographic information systems. ...
The Logo programming language is an adaptation by Wally Feurzeig and Seymour Papert of the Lisp programming language that is easier to read. ...
Vector game refers to any video game that uses a vector graphics display. ...
A screenshot of the xfig vector graphics editor A screenshot of the modern vector graphics editor Xara Xtreme A vector graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to compose and edit vector graphics images interactively on the computer screen (compare with MetaPost) and save them in one of...
Vector Markup Language (VML) is an XML language used to produce vector graphics. ...
Graphical displays for early computers used vector monitors, a type of CRT similar to the oscilloscope but typically using magnetic, rather than electrostatic, deflection. ...
Difference between a Vexel and a Vector. ...
A wire frame model is a visual presentation of an electronic representation of a three dimensional or physical object used in 3D computer graphics. ...
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