Compare key data on Canada & Tonga

Definitions

Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
Economy > GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Geography > Land area > Square miles: Country land area.
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate.
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.
People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future: Population growth rate (percentage).
Economy > Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 15-24.
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Education > Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people: Motor vehicles per 1000 people.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
People > Population growth: Percentage by which country's population either has increased or is estimated to increase. Countries with a decrease in population are signified by a negative percentage. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents. This is the age most people are in the country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people: Total number of divorces in given year by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Education > Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
People > Gender > Female population: Total female population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Agriculture > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant persons out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant person is a person aged 0-14 and those over 65 years old.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km: Agricultural land (sq. km). Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people: Internet users. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita: Arable land (hectares per person). Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100)
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Transport > Road network length > Km: Length of road network in kilometers in European Union countries.
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total: Number of people aged 15-24.
Economy > Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 60 and older.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total: Number of people aged 15-64.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total: Number of people aged 0-4.
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Media > Televisions per 1000: The total number of televisions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59: Percentage of total pouplation aged 15-59.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
People > Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth: Average age of mother at first childbirth.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Military > Paramilitary personnel: Paramilitary.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Economy > Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Culture > Happy Planet Index: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is calculated from three components: Perceived well-being, life expectancy and ecological footprint. A higher value indicates a happier population.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Health > Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Media > Television > List of TV stations: List of TV stations.
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 65 and older.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Crime > Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
Media > Internet > Users per 1000: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Religion > Major religion(s): Country major religions.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Military > Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Language > Major language(s): Country major languages.
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
People > Gender > Male population: Total male population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total: Number of people aged 60 and older.
Industry > Gross value added by construction: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64: Percentage of total population aged 15-64.
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Background > Overview: A geopolitical overview of every sovereign country in the world, briefly examining their recent history and place on the global stage. The texts are taken from the BBC News website.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita: Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000: Fixed broadband Internet subscribers. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers are the number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technology. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$: Agriculture, value added (current US$), including forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cancer out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cancer rate, but rather how fatal cancer is in each country.
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares: Cultivable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded."
Media > Radio > List of radio stations: List of radio stations.
Economy > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Agriculture > Farm workers: Agricultural employment shows the number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant adults out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant adult is an adult aged 65 and older.
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars. Net means after deduction of feed and seed. International Dollars are calculated using the Geary-Khamis formula, which is designed to neutralize irrelevant exchange rate movements (more information on http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/mes/glossary/*/E)
Transport > Motor vehicles: Motor vehicles per 1,000 people
Military > Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users (per 100 people). Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2012.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 0-4.
People > Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Military > Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces: Total number of divorces in given year by country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total: Number of people 65 years old and older.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Economy > Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index: Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 1999-2001. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 1999-2001.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total: Number of people aged 15-59.
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Media > Personal computers per 1000: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total: Number of people aged 80 years and older.
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Industry > Manufacturing growth: Annual growth rate for manufacturing value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Economy > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
People > Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index: Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 5-14.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Industry > Growth: Annual growth rate for industrial value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations: Total Congregations.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Energy > Crude oil > Production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages: Marriages by urban/rural residence.
Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Government > Leaders > Prime minister: Government > Leaders > Prime minister
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$: Industry, value added (current US$). Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 80 and older.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people: Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network.
Government > National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Labor > GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate: How many infants, out of 1000, who will die before attaining one year of age.
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year: This list compares the average annual consumption of cigarettes per adult in countries around the world. Ten european countries top the list, all located at the East of the continent, with the exception of Greece. Developed asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan also register high cigarette consumption, while Africa hosts the countries with less consumption.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000: Telephone lines. Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels ands fixed wireless subscribers are included. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Economy > Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$: Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are expressed constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Religion > Christian > Protestant > Protestant percent: Protestant.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal State extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the LOS Convention (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles. A full and definitive definition can be found in the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Education > Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita: Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
Language > Linguistic diversity index: LDI.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people: Marriages by urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000: Total land area in square kilometres. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.

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STAT	Canada	Tonga
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate	1.56 Ranked 12th.	2.04 Ranked 32nd. 31% more than Canada
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate	554 Ranked 31st. 554 times more than Tonga	1 Ranked 178th.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people	16.23 Ranked 62nd. 67% more than Tonga	9.71 Ranked 159th.
Economy > GDP	$1.82 trillion Ranked 12th. 3862 times more than Tonga	$471.59 million Ranked 171st.
Economy > GDP per capita	$52,218.99 Ranked 8th. 12 times more than Tonga	$4,493.87 Ranked 93th.
Economy > Gross National Income	$682.00 billion Ranked 8th. 4422 times more than Tonga	$154.22 million Ranked 154th.
Economy > Population below poverty line	9.4% Ranked 8th.	24% Ranked 11th. 3 times more than Canada
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly larger than the US	four times the size of Washington, DC
Geography > Land area > Square miles	3.8 million square miles Ranked 3rd. 13149 times more than Tonga	289 square miles Ranked 83th.
Government > Government type	a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy	constitutional monarchy
Government > Legal system	common law system except in Quebec where civil law based on the French civil code prevails	English common law
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate	1.89% Ranked 72nd.	2% Ranked 30th. 6% more than Canada
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	2.1 per 1,000 people Ranked 37th. 6 times more than Tonga	0.34 per 1,000 people Ranked 69th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14	15.3% Ranked 112th.	18.65% Ranked 36th. 22% more than Canada
People > Population	34.57 million Ranked 37th. 325 times more than Tonga	106,322 Ranked 190th.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	-3.3% of GDP Ranked 105th.	0.0 Ranked 39th.
Geography > Climate	varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Geography > Area > Land	9.09 million sq km Ranked 5th. 12665 times more than Tonga	718 sq km Ranked 180th.
Government > Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea
Geography > Geographic coordinates	60 00 N, 95 00 W	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Religion > Religions	Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16%	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
People > Population > Population growth, past and future	0.019 Ranked 71st.	0.459 Ranked 27th. 24 times more than Canada
Economy > Unemployment rate	7.3% Ranked 59th.	13% Ranked 1st. 78% more than Canada
People > Ethnic groups	British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%	Polynesian, Europeans
Government > Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Geography > Area > Total	9.98 million sq km Ranked 3rd. 13366 times more than Tonga	747 sq km Ranked 190th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent	10.62% Ranked 113th.	12.35% Ranked 45th. 16% more than Canada
Government > Constitution	made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments	adopted 4 November 1875; amended many times, last in 2013
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares	45.66 million hectares Ranked 7th. 3044 times more than Tonga	15,000 hectares Ranked 165th.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	The minimum wage in Canada is set by each province and territory; ranges from C$ 9.95 to C$11.00 per hour.	None
Government > Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Tax Court of Canada; Provincial/Territorial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Education > Children out of school, primary	1,892 Ranked 100th. 8 times more than Tonga	247 Ranked 63th.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people	607 Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Tonga	174 Ranked 79th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita	$39,119.11 Ranked 13th. 5 times more than Tonga	$7,368.06 Ranked 95th.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km	9.09 million sq km Ranked 4th. 12630 times more than Tonga	720 sq km Ranked 173th.
People > Birth rate	10.28 births/1,000 population Ranked 187th.	24.12 births/1,000 population Ranked 65th. 2 times more than Canada
People > Population growth	0.019% Ranked 71st.	0.459% Ranked 27th. 24 times more than Canada
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	17.42 Ranked 113th.	21.11 Ranked 47th. 21% more than Canada
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$690.30 billion Ranked 9th. 5936 times more than Tonga	$116.30 million Ranked 205th.
People > Age distribution > Median age	46.92 years Ranked 79th. 19% more than Tonga	39.49 years Ranked 160th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP	$42,300.00 Ranked 9th. 5 times more than Tonga	$8,000.00 Ranked 100th.
Industry > Manufacturing output	206.75 billion Ranked 8th. 5683 times more than Tonga	36.38 million Ranked 118th.
Government > Political parties and leaders	Bloc Quebecois [Daniel PAILLE]<br />Conservative Party of Canada [Stephen HARPER]<br />Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]<br />Liberal Party [Justin TRUDEAU]<br />New Democratic Party or NDP [Thomas MULCAIR]	Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands [Samuela 'Akilisi POHIVA]<br />People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]<br />Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA]<br />Tonga Democratic Labor Party [NA]<br />Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [NA]
Economy > Economy > Overview	As a high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. Given its great natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-12 and plans to balance the budget by 2015. In addition, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly becoming an even larger economic driver with Alberta's oil sands significantly boosting Canada's proven oil reserves, ranking the country third in the world behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.	Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 39,000 visitors in 2006. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. High unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people	16.23 Ranked 62nd. 67% more than Tonga	9.71 Ranked 159th.
Economy > Exports	$462.90 billion Ranked 12th. 55107 times more than Tonga	$8.40 million Ranked 187th.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders	554 Ranked 31st. 554 times more than Tonga	1 Ranked 178th.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament	Cabinet is nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	3.7 per 1,000 people Ranked 29th. 16% more than Tonga	3.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 44th.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people	2.11 Ranked 37th. 92% more than Tonga	1.1 Ranked 66th.
Education > Compulsary education duration	11 Ranked 47th. 38% more than Tonga	8 Ranked 83th.
People > Gender > Female population	25.47 million Ranked 47th. 253 times more than Tonga	100,611 Ranked 187th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total	7.78 million Ranked 47th. 205 times more than Tonga	37,909 Ranked 186th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$38,065.13 per capita Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Tonga	$7,375.00 per capita Ranked 50th.
Agriculture > Rural population	14,864 Ranked 175th.	52,556 Ranked 39th. 4 times more than Canada
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	16,055.64 kWh per capita Ranked 2nd. 47 times more than Tonga	342.03 kWh per capita Ranked 111th.
People > Death rate	8.2 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 92nd. 68% more than Tonga	4.87 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 189th.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	<strong>other: </strong>agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]<br />Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]
Geography > Natural resources	iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower	fish, fertile soil
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita	$5,075.99 Ranked 20th. 20 times more than Tonga	$252.41 Ranked 67th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	499.9 billion kWh Ranked 4th. 13110 times more than Tonga	38.13 million kWh Ranked 157th.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio	81.08% Ranked 67th. 29% more than Tonga	62.72% Ranked 137th.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km	9.98 million kmÂ² Ranked 2nd. 13313 times more than Tonga	750 kmÂ² Ranked 175th.
People > Population growth rate	0.77% Ranked 137th. 6 times more than Tonga	0.14% Ranked 181st.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	273.8 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 13th. 45 times more than Tonga	6.03 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 156th.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	575.89 per 1,000 people Ranked 77th. 45% more than Tonga	397.7 per 1,000 people Ranked 100th.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km	625,970 sq. km Ranked 16th. 2019 times more than Tonga	310 sq. km Ranked 177th.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000	0.0615 Ranked 118th.	2.35 Ranked 44th. 38 times more than Canada
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years	81.07 Ranked 17th. 12% more than Tonga	72.34 Ranked 105th.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people	860.93 Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Tonga	348.03 Ranked 115th.
Military > War deaths	0.0 Ranked 195th.	0.0 Ranked 75th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita	1.25 Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than Tonga	0.153 Ranked 92nd.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth	107 Ranked 110th. 3% more than Tonga	104 Ranked 117th.
Media > Internet users	26.96 million Ranked 16th. 3210 times more than Tonga	8,400 Ranked 195th.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	1.5% Ranked 175th. 25% more than Tonga	1.2% Ranked 183th.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	18.8 Ranked 21st. 29% more than Tonga	14.57 Ranked 54th.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$	$169.12 billion Ranked 15th. 6385 times more than Tonga	$26.49 million Ranked 98th.
Language > Languages	English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%	Tongan, English
Transport > Road network length > Km
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	69.8% Ranked 47th. 25% more than Tonga	56% Ranked 109th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total	5.4 million Ranked 47th. 215 times more than Tonga	25,100 Ranked 186th.
Economy > Exports per capita	$13,271.03 Ranked 25th. 166 times more than Tonga	$80.04 Ranked 172nd.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita	699.93 per 1,000 people Ranked 6th. 14 times more than Tonga	49.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 85th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent	35.03% Ranked 74th. 36% more than Tonga	25.79% Ranked 152nd.
Government > Administrative divisions	10 provinces and 3 territories; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon	5 island divisions; 'Eua, Ha'apai, Ongo Niua, Tongatapu, Vava'u
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total	28.1 million Ranked 48th. 225 times more than Tonga	124,898 Ranked 187th.
Education > Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 30th. About the same as Tonga	98.9% Ranked 5th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total	2.55 million Ranked 48th. 200 times more than Tonga	12,760 Ranked 186th.
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate	26.2% Ranked 47th.	57.6% Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Canada
Education > College and university > Gender parity index	1.34 Ranked 28th.	1.66 Ranked 11th. 24% more than Canada
Religion > Religions > All	Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Education > Primary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 145th. The same as Tonga	6 Ranked 55th.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 164th.	7 Ranked 39th. 17% more than Canada
Media > Televisions per 1000	678.75 Ranked 5th. 34 times more than Tonga	20.06 Ranked 157th.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births	510.41 Ranked 48th. 198 times more than Tonga	2.57 Ranked 186th.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	71.01 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Tonga	8.49 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 90th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59	49.67% Ranked 126th.	55.56% Ranked 56th. 12% more than Canada
Education > Children out of school, primary, female	1,762 Ranked 86th. 2 times more than Tonga	808 Ranked 93th.
People > Population in 2015	35,051 thousand Ranked 40th. 337 times more than Tonga	104 thousand Ranked 191st.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth	29.9 Ranked 5th.	31.4 Ranked 2nd. 5% more than Canada
Geography > Terrain	mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	81.38 years Ranked 12th. 8% more than Tonga	75.16 years Ranked 86th.
Military > Paramilitary personnel	4,554 Ranked 77th.	0.0 Ranked 5th.
Military > Service age and obligation	17 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for reserve and military college applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years	18 years of age (est.); no conscription
Geography > Location	Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	5.5% Ranked 44th. 41% more than Tonga	3.9% Ranked 75th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 2%, manufacturing 13%, construction 6%, services 76%, other 3%	agriculture 65%
Economy > Human Development Index	0.949 Ranked 6th. 17% more than Tonga	0.81 Ranked 54th.
Labor > Unemployment rate	8% Ranked 45th.	13% Ranked 8th. 63% more than Canada
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000	4.58 Ranked 75th.	7.78 Ranked 10th. 70% more than Canada
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	7.2 Ranked 112th. 18% more than Tonga	6.1 Ranked 145th.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita	516.13 per 1,000 people Ranked 62nd. 31% more than Tonga	393.43 per 1,000 people Ranked 77th.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	10.5 per 1,000 people Ranked 155th.	23.41 per 1,000 people Ranked 76th. 2 times more than Canada
Culture > Happy Planet Index	39.4 Ranked 89th.	57.9 Ranked 22nd. 47% more than Canada
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)	Prime Minister Lord Siale'ataonga TU'IVAKANO (since 22 December 2010)
Geography > Coastline	202,080 km Ranked 1st. 482 times more than Tonga	419 km Ranked 116th.
Labor > Labor force	18.59 million Ranked 29th. 465 times more than Tonga	39,960 Ranked 162nd.
Environment > Current issues	air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Energy > Oil > Consumption	2.15 million bbl/day Ranked 9th. 2151 times more than Tonga	1,000 bbl/day Ranked 182nd.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years	83.3 Ranked 21st. 11% more than Tonga	75.33 Ranked 105th.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending	35.39% Ranked 4th. 63% more than Tonga	21.72% Ranked 33th.
Health > Life expectancy > Men	79 years Ranked 15th. 13% more than Tonga	70 years Ranked 65th.
Media > Television > List of TV stations	<p>CBC - public, operates English-language national network and cable news channel CBC Newsworld</p> </p>Societe Radio-Canada - public, operates national French-language network and cable news channel RDI</p> </p>CTV - major commercial network</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16841120">Full Article</a>	<p>Tonga Broadcasting Commission - state-owned, operates Television Tonga</p> </p>DigiTV - digital cable TV</p>
People > Total fertility rate	1.59 children born/woman Ranked 177th.	3.46 children born/woman Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Canada
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years	78.94 Ranked 17th. 14% more than Tonga	69.48 Ranked 105th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent	29.48% Ranked 71st. 48% more than Tonga	19.89% Ranked 151st.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita	716.97 per 1,000 people Ranked 3rd. 35 times more than Tonga	20.37 per 1,000 people Ranked 144th.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)	King TUPOU VI (since 18 March 2012)
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people	75.74 Ranked 143th. 42% more than Tonga	53.39 Ranked 170th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$1.47 trillion Ranked 13th. 1785 times more than Tonga	$826.00 million Ranked 185th.
Government > Capital city > Name	Ottawa	Nuku'alofa
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	45 25 N, 75 42 W	21 08 S, 175 12 W
Government > International organization participation	ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.44 Ranked 162nd.	0.72 Ranked 62nd. 64% more than Canada
Crime > Prisoners	35,519 prisoners Ranked 39th. 314 times more than Tonga	113 prisoners Ranked 147th.
Media > Internet > Users per 1000	850.35 Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than Tonga	82.12 Ranked 106th.
Religion > Major religion(s)	Christianity	Christianity
Geography > Area > Water	891,163 sq km Ranked 1st. 29705 times more than Tonga	30 sq km Ranked 146th.
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	15.5% Ranked 195th.	36.2% Ranked 53th. 2 times more than Canada
Military > Military service age and obligation	17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for Reserve and Military College applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years	16 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); no conscription; the king retains the right to call up "all those capable of bearing arms" in wartime
Media > Broadcast media	2 m	2
Transport > Airports	1,467 Ranked 4th. 245 times more than Tonga	6 Ranked 172nd.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	somewhat larger than the US	four times the size of Washington, DC
Language > Major language(s)	English, French (both official)	Tongan, English
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	1.03 Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than Tonga	0.26 Ranked 126th.
People > Gender > Male population	25.41 million Ranked 46th. 248 times more than Tonga	102,622 Ranked 187th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total	17.83 million Ranked 33th. 340 times more than Tonga	52,409 Ranked 190th.
Industry > Gross value added by construction	130.61 billion Ranked 7th. 3019 times more than Tonga	43.27 million Ranked 187th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64	55.23% Ranked 130th.	61.46% Ranked 60th. 11% more than Canada
Economy > Fiscal year	1	1
Background > Overview	<p>Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. However, its population is only about one-fifth of Russia's.</p> <p>Nearly 90% of Canadians live within 200km of the border with the United States, which means that Canada contains vast expanses of wilderness to the north.</p> <p>The relationship to its powerful neighbour is a defining factor for Canada. The US and Canada are both each other's largest trading partner.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16841111">Full Article</a>	<p>A group of more than 170 islands spread over an area of the South Pacific roughly the size of Japan, Tonga is the last Polynesian monarchy. </p> <p>A deeply conservative, Christian country, Tonga voted in its first popularly elected parliament in 2010, ending 165 years of feudal rule. </p> <p>A former British protectorate, Tonga became fully independent in 1970, though it was never formally colonised.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16197014">Full Article</a>
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita	7,243.34 Ranked 3rd. 13 times more than Tonga	567.02 Ranked 125th.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	16.8% Ranked 33th. 3 times more than Tonga	6.2% Ranked 121st.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	28.6% Ranked 88th. 72% more than Tonga	16.6% Ranked 177th.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km	3.55 people/mÂ² Ranked 193th.	142.1 people/mÂ² Ranked 61st. 40 times more than Canada
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek	44 hours Ranked 77th. 10% more than Tonga	40 hours Ranked 109th.
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000	326.99 Ranked 15th. 23 times more than Tonga	14.29 Ranked 125th.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	$1.00 Ranked 153th.	$1.72 Ranked 138th. 72% more than Canada
Crime > Murders > WHO	1.5 Ranked 141st. 50% more than Tonga	1 Ranked 161st.
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$	$26.97 billion Ranked 19th. 342 times more than Tonga	$78.97 million Ranked 100th.
People > Nationality > Noun	Canadian(s)	Tongan(s)
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population)	135 Ranked 81st. 63% more than Tonga	83 Ranked 171st.
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares	45.1 million Ranked 6th. 3007 times more than Tonga	15,000 Ranked 160th.
Media > Radio > List of radio stations	<p>CBC - public, operates English-language network Radio One and cultural network Radio Two</p> </p>Societe Radio-Canada - public, operates French-language services PremiÃ¨re ChaÃ®ne and Espace Musique</p> </p>Radio Canada International - external service run by CBC</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16841120">Full Article</a>	<p>Tonga Broadcasting Commission - state-owned, operates mediumwave (AM) station Radio Tonga 1 and Kool 90FM</p> </p>Tonga Radio "Magic" 89.1 FM - private</p> </p>Letio Faka-Kalisitiane 93FM - private, Christian</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16198226">Full Article</a>
Economy > Imports per capita	$13,615.06 Ranked 20th. 12 times more than Tonga	$1,161.61 Ranked 123th.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita	$21,942.03 Ranked 17th. 14 times more than Tonga	$1,565.60 Ranked 84th.
Education > Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 29th. The same as Tonga	99% Ranked 3rd.
Labor > Labor force, total	19.34 million Ranked 31st. 460 times more than Tonga	42,090.24 Ranked 182nd.
Agriculture > Farm workers	341,000 Ranked 105th. 31 times more than Tonga	11,000 Ranked 166th.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	4.92 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 178th.	13.65 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 121st. 3 times more than Canada
Crime > United States extradition treaties > Entered into force	March 22, 1976<br>March 22, 1976<br>November 26, 1991<br>April 30, 2003	August 1, 1966<br>April 13, 1977
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio	53.37% Ranked 68th. 65% more than Tonga	32.37% Ranked 151st.
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Mount Logan 5,959 m	unnamed elevation on Kao Island 1,033 m
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita	100 Int. $ Ranked 97th.	102 Int. $ Ranked 77th. 2% more than Canada
Transport > Motor vehicles	563 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Tonga	174 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 29th.
Military > Military expenditures	1.1% of GDP Ranked 29th. 22% more than Tonga	0.9% of GDP Ranked 58th.
Agriculture > Products	wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people	86.77 Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Tonga	34.86 Ranked 113th.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index	0.911 Ranked 11th. 28% more than Tonga	0.71 Ranked 95th.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita	0.283% per 1 million people Ranked 14th.	205.27% per 1 million people Ranked 1st. 725 times more than Canada
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	0.0578 Ranked 104th.	8.29 Ranked 44th. 144 times more than Canada
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent	5.01% Ranked 115th.	6.28% Ranked 34th. 25% more than Canada
People > Physicians density	2.07 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Tonga	0.56 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 36th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000	1,441.47 hectares Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than Tonga	150.46 hectares Ranked 100th.
Military > Military branches	Canadian Forces: Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Command (homeland security)	Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Maritime Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing)
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces	70,226 Ranked 15th. 638 times more than Tonga	110 Ranked 91st.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$1.21 Ranked 88th.	$76.23 Ranked 14th. 63 times more than Canada
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people	4,011.54 kW Ranked 5th. 35 times more than Tonga	115.28 kW Ranked 136th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total	15 million Ranked 32nd. 371 times more than Tonga	40,426 Ranked 190th.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio	135.79 Ranked 36th.	161.96 Ranked 15th. 19% more than Canada
Economy > Exports > Commodities	motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita	16,281.22 kWh Ranked 2nd. 42 times more than Tonga	390.95 kWh Ranked 102nd.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index	107.7% Ranked 84th. 5% more than Tonga	103% Ranked 116th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total	25.27 million Ranked 47th. 224 times more than Tonga	112,915 Ranked 187th.
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing	185.63 billion Ranked 13th. 7110 times more than Tonga	26.11 million Ranked 190th.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita	116 per 100,000 people Ranked 75th. 9% more than Tonga	106 per 100,000 people Ranked 84th.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km	9.98 million Ranked 2nd. 13313 times more than Tonga	750 Ranked 172nd.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	2% Ranked 26th.	31.8% Ranked 10th. 16 times more than Canada
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	53,797 Ranked 45th. 27 times more than Tonga	1,995 Ranked 130th.
Energy > Electricity > Production	618.9 billion kWh Ranked 5th. 15095 times more than Tonga	41 million kWh Ranked 152nd.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	none	Kingdom of Tonga
Media > Personal computers per 1000	699.8 Ranked 6th. 14 times more than Tonga	49.84 Ranked 85th.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita	44.92 km per 1,000 people Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Tonga	6.83 km per 1,000 people Ranked 21st.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total	6.8 million Ranked 28th. 516 times more than Tonga	13,175 Ranked 192nd.
People > Cities > Urban population	85,136 Ranked 49th. 79% more than Tonga	47,444 Ranked 185th.
Geography > Land use > Arable land	4.3% Ranked 156th.	21.33% Ranked 48th. 5 times more than Canada
Industry > Manufacturing growth	-13.16 Ranked 95th.	6.52 Ranked 11th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	76% Ranked 2nd.	2,003% Ranked 1st. 26 times more than Canada
Economy > Imports	$474.90 billion Ranked 11th. 3896 times more than Tonga	$121.90 million Ranked 187th.
People > Nationality > Adjective	Canadian	Tongan
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index	101.6% Ranked 130th.	102.2% Ranked 124th. 1% more than Canada
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM 245, FM 582, shortwave 6	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1
People > Sex ratio > Total population	0.99 male(s)/female Ranked 117th.	1.01 male(s)/female Ranked 58th. 2% more than Canada
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent	10.29% Ranked 110th.	12.37% Ranked 37th. 20% more than Canada
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.51 births per woman Ranked 146th.	3.31 births per woman Ranked 63th. 2 times more than Canada
Industry > Growth	-10.11 Ranked 101st.	2.98 Ranked 36th.
Government > Executive branch > Elections	the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general	the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of parliament and appointed by the monarch
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations	472 Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Tonga	166 Ranked 17th.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP	1.1% Ranked 122nd. 22% more than Tonga	0.9% Ranked 77th.
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$748.90 billion Ranked 9th. 6439 times more than Tonga	$116.30 million Ranked 185th.
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 71st. 3% more than Tonga	1.03 male(s)/female Ranked 179th.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$916.04 billion Ranked 10th. 3877 times more than Tonga	$236.29 million Ranked 166th.
Energy > Crude oil > Production	3.86 million bbl/day Ranked 5th.	0.0 Ranked 157th.
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita	$1,247.59 Ranked 45th. 3 times more than Tonga	$407.00 Ranked 17th.
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU	12.53 billion Ranked 116th. 51 times more than Tonga	246.47 million Ranked 148th.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages	147,288 Ranked 19th. 218 times more than Tonga	677 Ranked 97th.
Economy > Tourist arrivals	17.14 million Ranked 15th. 373 times more than Tonga	46,000 Ranked 162nd.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$17,049.94 per capita Ranked 17th. 25 times more than Tonga	$688.33 per capita Ranked 93th.
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	None
Government > Leaders > Prime minister	Stephen Harper	Lord Tu'ivakano
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$	$453.11 billion Ranked 10th. 5118 times more than Tonga	$88.53 million Ranked 104th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent	13.36% Ranked 60th. 2 times more than Tonga	6.48% Ranked 140th.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration	2 Ranked 191st. The same as Tonga	2 Ranked 147th.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$17.77 billion Ranked 15th. 1111 times more than Tonga	$16.00 million Ranked 161st.
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000	16.46 Ranked 8th. 13 times more than Tonga	1.32 Ranked 96th.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people	1,079.8 per 1,000 people Ranked 44th. 8 times more than Tonga	143.82 per 1,000 people Ranked 113th.
Government > National symbol(s)	maple leaf	red cross on white field; arms equal length
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita	3,744.61 Ranked 10th. 9 times more than Tonga	412.31 Ranked 102nd.
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication	128.66 billion Ranked 9th. 4470 times more than Tonga	28.78 million Ranked 195th.
Labor > GNI > Current US$	$1.82 trillion Ranked 12th. 3753 times more than Tonga	$485.35 million Ranked 169th.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	838.57 per 1,000 people Ranked 4th. 12 times more than Tonga	71.84 per 1,000 people Ranked 114th.
Economy > GDP per person	39,599.04 Ranked 19th. 13 times more than Tonga	2,991.28 Ranked 96th.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	4.76 per 1,000 people Ranked 70th.	10 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Canada
Education > Duration of compulsory education	11 years Ranked 32nd. 22% more than Tonga	9 years Ranked 75th.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate	4.7 Ranked 158th.	11.1 Ranked 126th. 2 times more than Canada
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year	809 Ranked 64th. 17 times more than Tonga	48 Ranked 174th.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection	8.56% Ranked 140th.	15.62% Ranked 99th. 83% more than Canada
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000	516.33 Ranked 14th. 81% more than Tonga	285.87 Ranked 59th.
Health > Life expectancy > Women	83 years Ranked 28th. 11% more than Tonga	75 years Ranked 69th.
Economy > Exports > Main exports	Machinery and equipment, automotive products, metals and plastics, forestry products, agricultural and fishing products, energy products	Fish, pumpkins, coconut products, vanilla beans
Geography > Natural hazards	continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$	130.25 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 9th. 17053 times more than Tonga	7.64 million constant 2000 US$ Ranked 107th.
Government > Flag description	two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol; the official colors of Canada are red and white	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner; the cross reflects the deep-rooted Christianity in Tonga; red represents the blood of Christ and his sacrifice; white signifies purity
Religion > Christian > Protestant > Protestant percent	29% Ranked 39th.	73% Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Canada
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita	$17,748.65 Ranked 12th. 23 times more than Tonga	$786.79 Ranked 90th.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land	13.98 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 185th.	517.03 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 52nd. 37 times more than Canada
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea	12 nautical mile Ranked 178th. The same as Tonga	12 nautical mile Ranked 63th.
Economy > Debt > External	$1.33 trillion Ranked 14th. 6677 times more than Tonga	$198.60 million Ranked 169th.
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	7,690.55$ Ranked 17th.	-300.937$ Ranked 156th.
Media > Televisions	21.5 million Ranked 12th. 10750 times more than Tonga	2,000 Ranked 204th.
Education > Secondary education, pupils	2.61 million Ranked 35th. 176 times more than Tonga	14,806 Ranked 66th.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita	23.16 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 16 times more than Tonga	1.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 90th.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	645.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Tonga	179.61 per 1,000 people Ranked 63th.
Education > College and university > Private school share	0.0 Ranked 64th.	67.03% Ranked 12th.
Education > Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	1 Ranked 45th. 5% more than Tonga	0.95 Ranked 101st.
Language > Linguistic diversity index	0.549 Ranked 77th. 39 times more than Tonga	0.014 Ranked 188th.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$22,719.28 per capita Ranked 20th. 29 times more than Tonga	$791.32 per capita Ranked 17th.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people	4.42 Ranked 71st.	6.75 Ranked 24th. 53% more than Canada
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	69.6% Ranked 47th. 11% more than Tonga	62.5% Ranked 71st.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people	75.31 Ranked 13th. 9 times more than Tonga	8.11 Ranked 128th.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	18,346.73 kWh per capita Ranked 3rd. 50 times more than Tonga	367.77 kWh per capita Ranked 132nd.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000	272.93 sq km Ranked 9th. 39 times more than Tonga	6.97 sq km Ranked 136th.

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; World Health Organization. Source tables; . Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Production Yearbook and data files.; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; United Nations Population Division. 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