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Health Stats: compare key data on Canada & Tonga

Definitions

STAT Canada Tonga HISTORY
Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people 10.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 155th.
23.41 per 1,000 people
Ranked 76th. 2 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth 29.9
Ranked 5th.
31.4
Ranked 2nd. 5% more than Canada

Births and maternity > Future births 510.41
Ranked 48th. 198 times more than Tonga
2.57
Ranked 186th.

Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate 4.7
Ranked 158th.
11.1
Ranked 126th. 2 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Total fertility rate 1.89%
Ranked 72nd.
2%
Ranked 30th. 6% more than Canada

Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population) 135
Ranked 81st. 63% more than Tonga
83
Ranked 171st.
Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman 1.51 births per woman
Ranked 146th.
3.31 births per woman
Ranked 63th. 2 times more than Canada

Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people 3.7 per 1,000 people
Ranked 29th. 16% more than Tonga
3.2 per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th.

Infant mortality rate > Total 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 178th.
13.65 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 121st. 3 times more than Canada

Life expectancy > Men 79 years
Ranked 15th. 13% more than Tonga
70 years
Ranked 65th.
Life expectancy at birth > Total population 81.38 years
Ranked 12th. 8% more than Tonga
75.16 years
Ranked 86th.

Life expectancy at birth, female > Years 83.3
Ranked 21st. 11% more than Tonga
75.33
Ranked 105th.

Life expectancy at birth, male > Years 78.94
Ranked 17th. 14% more than Tonga
69.48
Ranked 105th.

Life expectancy at birth, total > Years 81.07
Ranked 17th. 12% more than Tonga
72.34
Ranked 105th.

Physicians > Per 1,000 people 2.1 per 1,000 people
Ranked 37th. 6 times more than Tonga
0.34 per 1,000 people
Ranked 69th.

Life expectancy > Women 83 years
Ranked 28th. 11% more than Tonga
75 years
Ranked 69th.
Health services > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people 3.4
Ranked 49th. 42% more than Tonga
2.4
Ranked 35th.

Diseases > Overweight > Average Body Mass Index (BMI) 25.7
Ranked 39th.
32.9
Ranked 1st. 28% more than Canada
Adolescent fertility rate > Births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 13.23 births
Ranked 153th. 19% more than Tonga
11.08 births
Ranked 156th.

Deaths > Deaths of infants 1,911
Ranked 20th. 55 times more than Tonga
35
Ranked 83th.

Expenditure per capita > Current US$ 3,037.6$
Ranked 17th. 26 times more than Tonga
117.1$
Ranked 101st.

Health expenditure per capita > Current US$ $5,629.73
Ranked 9th. 26 times more than Tonga
$219.20
Ranked 112th.

Births and maternity > Teenage birth rate 14.1
Ranked 62nd.
15.9
Ranked 85th. 13% more than Canada

Diseases > Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people 4.6
Ranked 191st.
14
Ranked 157th. 3 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Crude birth rate 11.3
Ranked 30th.
29
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Maternal death rate 12 per 100,000 live births
Ranked 146th.
110 per 100,000 live births
Ranked 62nd. 9 times more than Canada

Health services > Physicians > Per 1,000 people 1.91
Ranked 42nd. 7 times more than Tonga
0.29
Ranked 55th.

Services, etc., value added > Current LCU per capita 29,923.05
Ranked 79th. 8 times more than Tonga
3,947.82
Ranked 92nd.

Death rates > Children under 5 6.1
Ranked 150th.
19.1
Ranked 97th. 3 times more than Canada

Death rates > Women 55.87
Ranked 158th.
110.05
Ranked 86th. 97% more than Canada

Death rates > Men 92.03
Ranked 160th.
186.53
Ranked 83th. 2 times more than Canada

Tobacco > Total adult smokers 25%
Ranked 71st.
38.3%
Ranked 18th. 53% more than Canada
Births and maternity > Number of births 380,863
Ranked 13th. 129 times more than Tonga
2,945
Ranked 21st.

Life expectancy at birth > Total > Years 80.18 years
Ranked 11th. 10% more than Tonga
72.65 years
Ranked 70th.

Life expectancy > Male 78.76
Ranked 9th. 14% more than Tonga
69.12
Ranked 92nd.

Nurses and midwives > Per 1,000 people 10.05
Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Tonga
3.88
Ranked 63th.

Services, etc., value added > Current LCU 996.97 billion
Ranked 63th. 2406 times more than Tonga
414.29 million
Ranked 105th.

Death rates > Infants 5.3
Ranked 147th.
16.6
Ranked 97th. 3 times more than Canada

Life expectancy at birth > Female 84.1 years
Ranked 13th. 10% more than Tonga
76.58 years
Ranked 111th.

Life expectancy > Female 83.28
Ranked 11th. 11% more than Tonga
74.78
Ranked 93th.

Births and maternity > Antenatal care > Mothers getting 1+ visit during pregnancy 100%
Ranked 6th. 2% more than Tonga
97.9%
Ranked 8th.

Per capita total expenditure on health in international dollars 2,931
Ranked 7th. 10 times more than Tonga
292
Ranked 96th.
Diseases > Measles > Children immunised against measles 98%
Ranked 53th.
99%
Ranked 13th. 1% more than Canada

Life expectancy at birth > Male 78.81 years
Ranked 12th. 7% more than Tonga
73.79 years
Ranked 71st.

Life expectancy at birth > Female > Years 82.68 years
Ranked 10th. 12% more than Tonga
73.99 years
Ranked 87th.

Life expectancy > 95 percent range (82.50-83.00) (71.40-76.10)
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Total population 72
Ranked 13th. 17% more than Tonga
61.8
Ranked 74th.
Diseases > Cardiovascular death rate (per 100,000 population) 131
Ranked 184th.
346
Ranked 100th. 3 times more than Canada
Health services > Nurses and midwives > Per 1,000 people 10.05
Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Tonga
3.4
Ranked 7th.
Births and maternity > All births of boys 193,587
Ranked 16th. 143 times more than Tonga
1,350
Ranked 95th.

Health spending per capita 4,409.12
Ranked 12th. 41 times more than Tonga
107.75
Ranked 117th.

Diseases > Overweight > Female Body Mass Index (BMI) 24.36
Ranked 59th.
33.77
Ranked 1st. 39% more than Canada
Life expectancy at birth > Male > Years 77.8 years
Ranked 9th. 9% more than Tonga
71.36 years
Ranked 62nd.

Deaths > Deaths from injuries (per 100,000 population) 33
Ranked 165th. 18% more than Tonga
28
Ranked 178th.
Survival rate > To age 65 > Men 86.4
Ranked 13th. 25% more than Tonga
69.36
Ranked 93th.

Infant mortality > Female babies 4.7 deaths per 1000 live births
Ranked 175th.
24.9 deaths per 1000 live births
Ranked 89th. 5 times more than Canada

Deaths > Noncommunicable disease mortality rate 374
Ranked 177th.
658
Ranked 108th. 76% more than Canada
Deaths > Deaths of infants per million people 57.36
Ranked 57th.
348.89
Ranked 11th. 6 times more than Canada

Survival rate > To age 65 > Women 91.67
Ranked 21st. 14% more than Tonga
80.71
Ranked 97th.

Health services > Health expenditure per capita > PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $3,898.81
Ranked 7th. 23 times more than Tonga
$166.98
Ranked 118th.

Life expectancy at birth > Years > Total population 80
Ranked 14th. 13% more than Tonga
71
Ranked 74th.
Diseases > Overweight > Male Body Mass Index (BMI) 27.04
Ranked 25th.
32.03
Ranked 2nd. 18% more than Canada
Tobacco > Total adult smokers per million 0.774%
Ranked 90th.
379.36%
Ranked 5th. 490 times more than Canada
Births and maternity > Number of births per thousand people 11.29
Ranked 28th.
28.98
Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Canada

Health services > Outpatient visits per capita 6.3
Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than Tonga
1.7
Ranked 46th.
Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people 4.72 per 100,000 people
Ranked 191st.
25 per 100,000 people
Ranked 138th. 5 times more than Canada

Diseases > Obesity > Obesity rate (men) 23.2%
Ranked 6th.
74.9%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Canada
Life expectancy > Inequality adjusted index 0.913
Ranked 19th. 28% more than Tonga
0.712
Ranked 92nd.
Deaths > Deaths of infant boys 1,057
Ranked 17th. 88 times more than Tonga
12
Ranked 86th.

Deaths > Deaths of infant boys per million people 31.72
Ranked 46th.
122.5
Ranked 25th. 4 times more than Canada

Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Both sexes 55
Ranked 169th.
220
Ranked 52nd. 4 times more than Canada

Dependency ratio per 100 45
Ranked 153th.
73
Ranked 61st. 62% more than Canada
Medical staff > Dental staff (per 10,000 people) 12 1
Smoking rate > Women 18
Ranked 51st. 20% more than Tonga
15
Ranked 52nd.
Diseases > Tuberculosis cases 463
Ranked 112th. 33 times more than Tonga
14
Ranked 162nd.
Births and maternity > Births attended by skill personnel 100%
Ranked 4th. 2% more than Tonga
98.4%
Ranked 23th.

Diseases > Neonatal tetanus cases 0.0
Ranked 174th.
0.0
Ranked 100th.
Infant mortality rate > Female 4.56 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 177th.
13.21 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 115th. 3 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Rape or incest Legal Illegal
Deaths > Deaths of infant girls 854
Ranked 18th. 53 times more than Tonga
16
Ranked 82nd.

Diseases > Measles cases 101
Ranked 51st.
0.0
Ranked 132nd.
Life expectancy > Date of information 2006 est. 2006 est.
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Females 74
Ranked 12th. 20% more than Tonga
61.8
Ranked 99th.
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Males 55
Ranked 169th.
220
Ranked 52nd. 4 times more than Canada

Diseases > Tuberculosis cases per million people 14.06
Ranked 165th.
136.87
Ranked 100th. 10 times more than Canada
Diseases > Obesity > Obesity rate (women) 23.2%
Ranked 6th.
74.9%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Canada
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Males 70.1
Ranked 11th. 13% more than Tonga
61.9
Ranked 57th.
Births and maternity > Future births per million people 10.76
Ranked 162nd.
27.88
Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Canada

Disease prevention > Tuberculosis case detection rate > All forms 86.96%
Ranked 76th. 63% more than Tonga
53.3%
Ranked 140th.

Total fertility rate 1.5
Ranked 150th.
3.7
Ranked 66th. 2 times more than Canada
Infant mortality > Male babies 5.4 deaths per 1000 live births
Ranked 174th.
16.8 deaths per 1000 live births
Ranked 125th. 3 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To preserve mental health Legal Illegal
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Females 82
Ranked 21st. 15% more than Tonga
71
Ranked 102nd.
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Females 55
Ranked 169th.
220
Ranked 52nd. 4 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Economic or social reasons Legal Illegal
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > On request Legal Illegal
Diseases > Mumps cases per million people 33.65
Ranked 44th.
0.0
Ranked 98th.
Diseases > Total tetanus cases 5
Ranked 81st.
0.0
Ranked 134th.
Diseases > Pertussis cases 1,472
Ranked 16th.
0.0
Ranked 120th.
Diseases > Neonatal tetanus cases per million people 0.0
Ranked 170th.
0.0
Ranked 99th.
Probability of dying before 5 > Females 5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 182nd.
19 per 1,000 people
Ranked 118th. 4 times more than Canada
Per capita government expenditure on health in international dollars 2,048
Ranked 11th. 10 times more than Tonga
214
Ranked 80th.
Expenditure > Public > % of GDP 6.84%
Ranked 22nd. 37% more than Tonga
5.01%
Ranked 49th.

Births attended by skilled health staff > % of total 98.3%
Ranked 10th. 8% more than Tonga
91.3%
Ranked 42nd.

Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access 100%
Ranked 27th. 4% more than Tonga
96%
Ranked 40th.

Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases 61.64%
Ranked 152nd.
83.33%
Ranked 64th. 35% more than Canada

Disease prevention > Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases 63.96%
Ranked 109th.
92.86%
Ranked 7th. 45% more than Canada

Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access 100%
Ranked 36th. 4% more than Tonga
96%
Ranked 54th.

Health services > External resources for health > % of total expenditure on health 0.0
Ranked 181st.
20.25%
Ranked 31st.

Cause of death, by injury > % of total 5.85%
Ranked 127th. 44% more than Tonga
4.06%
Ranked 174th.
Diseases > Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women > % 11.51%
Ranked 125th.
33.98%
Ranked 54th. 3 times more than Canada
Infant mortality rate > Male 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 181st.
14.07 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 125th. 3 times more than Canada

% immunized 1-year-old children > DPT3 97
Ranked 50th. 8% more than Tonga
90
Ranked 95th.
Diseases > Total tetanus cases per million people 0.152
Ranked 107th.
0.0
Ranked 133th.
Nutrition > Low-birthweight babies > % of births 5.8%
Ranked 59th. 93% more than Tonga
3%
Ranked 17th.

Public health spending > % of total health spending 69.98%
Ranked 68th.
70.32%
Ranked 65th. About the same as Canada

Mortality > Completeness of total death reporting > % of reported total deaths to estimated total deaths 97.61%
Ranked 7th.
100%
Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Canada
Prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 42.1%
Ranked 11th.
0.0
Ranked 119th.
Diseases > Rubella cases 1
Ranked 105th.
0.0
Ranked 121st.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To preserve physical health Legal Illegal
Diseases > Rubella cases per million people 0.0304
Ranked 105th.
0.0
Ranked 120th.
Diseases > Mumps cases 1,108
Ranked 29th.
0.0
Ranked 100th.
Life expectancy > 95% range (82.50-83.00) (71.40-76.10)
Diseases > Prevalence of anemia among children > % of children under 5 7.61%
Ranked 116th.
27.58%
Ranked 64th. 4 times more than Canada
Diseases > Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases > % of total 88.89%
Ranked 34th. 21% more than Tonga
73.72%
Ranked 92nd.
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care > % 100%
Ranked 6th. 2% more than Tonga
97.9%
Ranked 9th.

Contraceptive prevalence > % of women ages 15-49 75%
Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Tonga
33%
Ranked 29th.

Immunization > Measles > % of children ages 12-23 months 94%
Ranked 80th.
99%
Ranked 12th. 5% more than Canada

Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of total expenditure on health 14.38%
Ranked 153th. 29% more than Tonga
11.14%
Ranked 170th.

Health expenditure, private > % of GDP 3.31%
Ranked 51st. 4 times more than Tonga
0.864%
Ranked 174th.

Disease prevention > Immunisation against tetanus > % of children ages 12-23 months 80%
Ranked 147th.
99%
Ranked 9th. 24% more than Canada

Disease prevention > Immunisation > Measles > % of children ages 12-23 months 93%
Ranked 90th.
99%
Ranked 10th. 6% more than Canada

Health services > Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health 49.58%
Ranked 161st.
84.66%
Ranked 86th. 71% more than Canada

Health spending > % of GDP 10.12%
Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Tonga
4.4%
Ranked 135th.

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 30.1%
Ranked 117th. 14% more than Tonga
26.5%
Ranked 137th.
% of population using improved drinking water sources > Rural 99
Ranked 30th.
100
Ranked 10th. 1% more than Canada
% of population using improved drinking water sources > Urban 100
Ranked 42nd. The same as Tonga
100
Ranked 13th.
Deaths > Deaths of infant girls per million people 25.63
Ranked 45th.
163.33
Ranked 9th. 6 times more than Canada

Health expenditure, total > % of GDP 11.18%
Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Tonga
5.26%
Ranked 130th.

Improved water source > % of population with access 100%
Ranked 40th. The same as Tonga
100%
Ranked 16th.

Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health 49.4%
Ranked 162nd.
84.9%
Ranked 102nd. 72% more than Canada

% of population using improved drinking water sources > Total 100
Ranked 30th. The same as Tonga
100
Ranked 11th.
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP 9.6%
Ranked 17th. 39% more than Tonga
6.9%
Ranked 64th.
% immunized 1-year-old children > Measles 96
Ranked 52nd. 7% more than Tonga
90
Ranked 86th.
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS 63.79%
Ranked 86th.
95.57%
Ranked 19th. 50% more than Canada

% immunized 1-year-old children > Polio3 89
Ranked 106th.
90
Ranked 97th. 1% more than Canada
Improved sanitation facilities > Urban > % of urban population with access 100%
Ranked 35th. 2% more than Tonga
98%
Ranked 48th.

Smoking prevalence > Males > % of adults 22%
Ranked 5th.
52.9%
Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Canada

Private health spending > % of GDP 3.04%
Ranked 52nd. 2 times more than Tonga
1.31%
Ranked 143th.

Public health spending > % of government spending 18.13%
Ranked 12th. 87% more than Tonga
9.7%
Ranked 116th.

Mortality > Completeness of infant death reporting > % of reported infant deaths to estimated infant deaths 111.22%
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Tonga
53.03%
Ranked 3rd.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Foetal impairment Legal Illegal
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Males 78
Ranked 12th. 10% more than Tonga
71
Ranked 46th.
Births and maternity > All births of girls 184,049
Ranked 16th. 144 times more than Tonga
1,278
Ranked 95th.

Diseases > Pertussis cases per million people 44.7
Ranked 27th.
0.0
Ranked 119th.
Births and maternity > All births of girls per thousand people 5.34
Ranked 48th.
12.74
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Canada

Births and maternity > Percent of births registered >90 >90
Diseases > Diabetes > Prevalence > % of population ages 20 to 79 8.13%
Ranked 76th.
12.7%
Ranked 22nd. 56% more than Canada
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To save the woman's life Legal Legal
Births and maternity > All births of boys per thousand people 5.61
Ranked 50th.
13.46
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Canada

Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > Urban > % of urban population with access 100%
Ranked 41st. 2% more than Tonga
98%
Ranked 53th.

Disease prevention > Improved water source > % of population with access 100%
Ranked 43th. The same as Tonga
100%
Ranked 15th.

Disease prevention > Improved water source > Urban > % of urban population with access 100%
Ranked 54th. The same as Tonga
100%
Ranked 19th.

Immunisation > Immunization, DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months 95%
Ranked 93th. The same as Tonga
95%
Ranked 86th.

Immunisation > Immunization, measles > % of children ages 12-23 months 98%
Ranked 45th. 3% more than Tonga
95%
Ranked 73th.

Expenditure > Private > % of GDP 2.96%
Ranked 57th. 2 times more than Tonga
1.29%
Ranked 150th.

Tuberculosis case detection rate > %, all forms 100%
Ranked 9th. 37% more than Tonga
73%
Ranked 117th.

Health expenditure, public > % of government expenditure 18.34%
Ranked 18th. 16% more than Tonga
15.76%
Ranked 38th.

Health expenditure, public > % of GDP 7.87%
Ranked 17th. 79% more than Tonga
4.4%
Ranked 67th.

Improved water source > Urban > % of urban population with access 100%
Ranked 57th. The same as Tonga
100%
Ranked 22nd.

Improved water source > Rural > % of rural population with access 99%
Ranked 40th.
100%
Ranked 15th. 1% more than Canada

Immunization > DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months 94%
Ranked 83th.
99%
Ranked 12th. 5% more than Canada

Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > Rural > % of rural population with access 99%
Ranked 34th. 3% more than Tonga
96%
Ranked 48th.

SOURCES: World Development Indicators database; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Health Organization. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organisation, OECD, supplemented by country data.; "Where are you on the global fat scale?". BBC. July 12, 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-16. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-12-439.pdf. Walpole et al., BMC Public Health 2012, 12:4; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organization National Health Account database (see http://apps.who.int/nha/database/DataExplorerRegime.aspx for the most recent updates).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Level & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2010. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA, UNPD).; (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm, (2) University of California, Berkeley, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Human Mortality Database. [ www.mortality.org or www.humanmortality.de] downloaded on Dec. 10, 2009.; World Health Organization2005; (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables), (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization, Global Atlas of the Health Workforce. For latest updates and metadata, see http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/.; World Bank national accounts data; United Nations Statistics Division. 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