People Stats: compare key data on Canada & Tonga

Definitions

Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents. This is the age most people are in the country.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 15-24.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total: Number of people aged 15-24.
Age distribution > Total dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant persons out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant person is a person aged 0-14 and those over 65 years old.
Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Gender > Female population: Total female population.
Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people: Total number of divorces in given year by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Population > Population growth, past and future: Population growth rate (percentage).
Population growth: Percentage by which country's population either has increased or is estimated to increase. Countries with a decrease in population are signified by a negative percentage. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 60 and older.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total: Number of people aged 15-64.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total: Number of people aged 0-4.
Obesity > Adult obesity rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-59: Percentage of total pouplation aged 15-59.
Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 65 and older.
Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Gender > Male population: Total male population.
Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total: Number of people aged 60 and older.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-64: Percentage of total population aged 15-64.
Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant adults out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant adult is an adult aged 65 and older.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 0-4.
Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.
Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces: Total number of divorces in given year by country.
Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total: Number of people 65 years old and older.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total: Number of people aged 15-59.
Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total: Number of people aged 80 years and older.
Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 5-14.
Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages: Marriages by urban/rural residence.
Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 80 and older.
Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people: Marriages by urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Gender > Sex ratio at birth: Number of males born for every female born. Countries with a number less than one have more females born than males.
Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Total: Number of people aged 5-14.
Migration > Net migration rate: The difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population change. High levels of migration can cause problems such as increasing unemployment and potential ethnic strife (if people are coming in) or a reduction in the labor force, perhaps in certain key sectors (if people are leaving).
Future population change: Total change in population by country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Urban population: Urban population is the midyear population of areas defined as urban in each country and reported to the United Nations.
Migration > Net migration > Per capita: Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates. To derive estimates of net migration, the United Nations Population Division takes into account the past migration history of a country or area, the migration policy of a country, and the influx of refugees in recent periods. The data to calculate these official estimates come from a variety of sources, including border statistics, administrative records, surveys, and censuses. When no official estimates can be made because of insufficient data, net migration is derived through the balance equation, which is the difference between overall population growth and the natural increase during the 1990-2000 intercensal period." Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Median age > Total: This entry is derived from People > Median age, which is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Uganda and Gaza Strip to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a higher median age.
Life expectancy at birth > Total population: This entry is derived from People > Life expectancy at birth, which contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Urban and rural > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas by country.
Marriage > Years being single before marriage > Women: Average age of women at their first marriage.
Age structure > 15-64 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Literacy > Total population: This entry is derived from People > Literacy, which includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world.
Additional details:
- Gibraltar: above 80% (2013)
Dependency ratios > Youth dependency ratio: This entry is derived from People > Dependency ratios, which dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others. Dependency ratios contrast the ratio of youths (ages 0-14) and the elderly (ages 65+) to the number of those in the working-age group (ages 15-64). Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. As fertility levels decline, the dependency ratio initially falls because the proportion of youths decreases while the proportion of the population of working age increases. As fertility levels continue to decline, dependency ratios eventually increase because the proportion of the population of working age starts to decline and the proportion of elderly persons continues to increase.
total dependency ratio - The total dependency ratio is the ratio of combined youth population (ages 0-14) and elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high total dependency ratio indicates that the working-age population and the overall economy face a greater burden to support and provide social services for youth and elderly persons, who are often economically dependent.
youth dependency ratio - The youth dependency ratio is the ratio of the youth population (ages 0-14) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high youth dependency ratio indicates that a greater investment needs to be made in schooling and other services for children.
elderly dependency ratio - The elderly dependency ratio is the ratio of the elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). Increases in the elderly dependency ratio put added pressure on governments to fund pensions and healthcare.
potential support ratio - The potential support ratio is the number of working-age people (ages 15-64) per one elderly person (ages 65+). As a population ages, the potential support ratio tends to fall, meaning there are fewer potential workers to support the elderly.
Marriage > Years being single before marriage > Men: Average age of men at their first marriage.
Age distribution > Child dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant children out of total population aged 15 and older. A dependant child is a child aged 0-14.
Gender > Women aged 15-49: Country's total population of women aged 15-49. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Percentage living in urban areas: Percentage of people living in urban areas. Data for 2003. Urban-rural classification of population in internationally published statistics follows the national census definition, which differs from one country or area to another. National definitions are usually based on criteria that may include any of the following: size of population in a locality, population density, distance between built-up areas, predominant type of economic activity, legal or administrative boundaries and urban characteristics such as specific services and facilities.
Migration > Net migration: Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates. To derive estimates of net migration, the United Nations Population Division takes into account the past migration history of a country or area, the migration policy of a country, and the influx of refugees in recent periods. The data to calculate these official estimates come from a variety of sources, including border statistics, administrative records, surveys, and censuses. When no official estimates can be made because of insufficient data, net migration is derived through the balance equation, which is the difference between overall population growth and the natural increase during the 1990-2000 intercensal period."
Marriage > Minimum legal age > With parental consent > For Women: Age at which women are allowed to marry with parental consent.
Population > CIA Factbook: This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. Note: starting with the 1993 Factbook, demographic estimates for some countries (mostly African) have explicitly taken into account the effects of the growing impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These countries are currently: The Bahamas, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Teenage pregancy rate: Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19."
Population density: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
Sex ratio > Under 15 years: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Percentage living in rural areas.: Percentage of people living in rural areas. Data for 2003. Urban-rural classification of population in internationally published statistics follows the national census definition, which differs from one country or area to another. National definitions are usually based on criteria that may include any of the following: size of population in a locality, population density, distance between built-up areas, predominant type of economic activity, legal or administrative boundaries and urban characteristics such as specific services and facilities.
Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry is derived from People > Infant mortality rate, which gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Age structure > 25-54 years: This entry is derived from People > Age structure, which provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years (children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age), 55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Urban and rural > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas by country.
Age structure > 15-24 years: This entry is derived from People > Age structure, which provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years (children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age), 55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Gender > Gender inequality index: Gender Inequality Index.
Urban and rural > Urban population per thousand people: Total population living in urban areas by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Rural population: Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population.
Migration > Refugee population by country or territory of origin: Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organisation of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant."
Fertility > Fertility rate, total > Births per woman: Fertility rate, total (births per woman). Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Age structure > 55-64 years: This entry is derived from People > Age structure, which provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years (children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age), 55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Marriage > Minimum legal age > Without parental consent > For Women: Minimum legal age at which women can be married without parental consent.
Gender > Female population per thousand people: Total female population. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Future population > Males: UN estimates of male population in 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Total: This entry is derived from People > School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary , which school life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.
Fertility > Birth rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Sex ratio > 15-64 years: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Dependency ratios > Total dependency ratio: This entry is derived from People > Dependency ratios, which dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others. Dependency ratios contrast the ratio of youths (ages 0-14) and the elderly (ages 65+) to the number of those in the working-age group (ages 15-64). Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. As fertility levels decline, the dependency ratio initially falls because the proportion of youths decreases while the proportion of the population of working age increases. As fertility levels continue to decline, dependency ratios eventually increase because the proportion of the population of working age starts to decline and the proportion of elderly persons continues to increase.
total dependency ratio - The total dependency ratio is the ratio of combined youth population (ages 0-14) and elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high total dependency ratio indicates that the working-age population and the overall economy face a greater burden to support and provide social services for youth and elderly persons, who are often economically dependent.
youth dependency ratio - The youth dependency ratio is the ratio of the youth population (ages 0-14) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high youth dependency ratio indicates that a greater investment needs to be made in schooling and other services for children.
elderly dependency ratio - The elderly dependency ratio is the ratio of the elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). Increases in the elderly dependency ratio put added pressure on governments to fund pensions and healthcare.
potential support ratio - The potential support ratio is the number of working-age people (ages 15-64) per one elderly person (ages 65+). As a population ages, the potential support ratio tends to fall, meaning there are fewer potential workers to support the elderly.
Population density > People per sq. km of land area: Population density (people per sq. km of land area). Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 15-64. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Drinking water source > Improved > Total: This entry is derived from People > Drinking water source > Improved, which provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country.improved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: piped water into dwelling, yard, or plot; public tap or standpipe; tubewell or borehole; protected dug well; protected spring; or rainwater collection. unimproved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: unprotected dug well; unprotected spring; cart with small tank or drum; tanker truck; surface water, which includes rivers, dams, lakes, ponds, streams, canals or irrigation channels; or bottled water.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 15-24. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Marriage > Percent married > All > Female > Aged 15-19: Percent of people aged 15-19 years who are or have been married or in a marriage-like union recognized by the law or customs of their country.
Life expectancy at birth > Female: This entry is derived from People > Life expectancy at birth, which contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Hospital bed density: This entry provides the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people; it serves as a general measure of inpatient service availability. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases, beds for both acute and chronic care are included. Because the level of inpatient services required for individual countries depends on several factors - such as demographic issues and the burden of disease - there is no global target for the number of hospital beds per country. So, while 2 beds per 1,000 in one country may be sufficient, 2 beds per 1,000 in another may be woefully inadequate because of the number of people hospitalized by disease.
Dependency ratios > Potential support ratio: This entry is derived from People > Dependency ratios, which dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others. Dependency ratios contrast the ratio of youths (ages 0-14) and the elderly (ages 65+) to the number of those in the working-age group (ages 15-64). Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. As fertility levels decline, the dependency ratio initially falls because the proportion of youths decreases while the proportion of the population of working age increases. As fertility levels continue to decline, dependency ratios eventually increase because the proportion of the population of working age starts to decline and the proportion of elderly persons continues to increase.
total dependency ratio - The total dependency ratio is the ratio of combined youth population (ages 0-14) and elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high total dependency ratio indicates that the working-age population and the overall economy face a greater burden to support and provide social services for youth and elderly persons, who are often economically dependent.
youth dependency ratio - The youth dependency ratio is the ratio of the youth population (ages 0-14) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high youth dependency ratio indicates that a greater investment needs to be made in schooling and other services for children.
elderly dependency ratio - The elderly dependency ratio is the ratio of the elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). Increases in the elderly dependency ratio put added pressure on governments to fund pensions and healthcare.
potential support ratio - The potential support ratio is the number of working-age people (ages 15-64) per one elderly person (ages 65+). As a population ages, the potential support ratio tends to fall, meaning there are fewer potential workers to support the elderly.
Births > Teen motherhood rate: Proportion of women aged 15-19 who have given birth.
Urban and rural > Rural population per thousand people: Total population living in rural areas by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Urbanization: Estimates and projections of urban and rural populations are made by the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat and published every two years. These estimates and projections are based on national census or survey data that have been evaluated and, whenever necessary, adjusted for deficiencies and inconsistencies. Urban-rural classification of population in internationally published statistics follows the national census definition, which differs from one country or area to another. National definitions are usually based on criteria that may include any of the following: size of population in a locality, population density, distance between built-up areas, predominant type of economic activity, legal or administrative boundaries and urban characteristics such as specific services and facilities.
Dependency ratios > Elderly dependency ratio: This entry is derived from People > Dependency ratios, which dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others. Dependency ratios contrast the ratio of youths (ages 0-14) and the elderly (ages 65+) to the number of those in the working-age group (ages 15-64). Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. As fertility levels decline, the dependency ratio initially falls because the proportion of youths decreases while the proportion of the population of working age increases. As fertility levels continue to decline, dependency ratios eventually increase because the proportion of the population of working age starts to decline and the proportion of elderly persons continues to increase.
total dependency ratio - The total dependency ratio is the ratio of combined youth population (ages 0-14) and elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high total dependency ratio indicates that the working-age population and the overall economy face a greater burden to support and provide social services for youth and elderly persons, who are often economically dependent.
youth dependency ratio - The youth dependency ratio is the ratio of the youth population (ages 0-14) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high youth dependency ratio indicates that a greater investment needs to be made in schooling and other services for children.
elderly dependency ratio - The elderly dependency ratio is the ratio of the elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). Increases in the elderly dependency ratio put added pressure on governments to fund pensions and healthcare.
potential support ratio - The potential support ratio is the number of working-age people (ages 15-64) per one elderly person (ages 65+). As a population ages, the potential support ratio tends to fall, meaning there are fewer potential workers to support the elderly.
Sex ratio > 65 years and over: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Fertility > Mortality rate, infant > Per 1,000 live births: Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births). Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 60 and older. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 0-14. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Population, total: Population, total. Population, total refers to the total population.
Gender ratio > Whole population: Female/male ratio of population.
Literacy > Female: This entry is derived from People > Literacy, which includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world.
Life expectancy at birth > Male: This entry is derived from People > Life expectancy at birth, which contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Net migration: Net migration. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.
Marriage > Percent married > All > Male > Aged 15-19: Percent ever married or in union among persons aged 15-19.
Maternal mortality rate: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year.
Urban and rural > Female rural population: Total number of females living in rural areas by country.
Population > CIA Factbook per capita: This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. Note: starting with the 1993 Factbook, demographic estimates for some countries (mostly African) have explicitly taken into account the effects of the growing impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These countries are currently: The Bahamas, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Sanitation facility access > Unimproved > Rural: This entry is derived from People > Sanitation facility access > Unimproved, which provides information about access to improved or unimproved sanitation facilities available to segments of the population of a country. improved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine; pit latrine with slab; or a composting toilet. unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; pit latrine without a slab or open pit; bucket; hanging toilet or hanging latrine; shared facilities of any type; no facilities; or bush or field.
Fertility > Adolescent fertility rate > Births per 1,000 women ages 15-19: Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19). Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19.
Languages: This entry provides a rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 15-59. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 0-4. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Rural population per 1000: Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Marriage, divorce and children > Minimum legal marrying age > With parental consent > For Women: Legal Age for Marriage.
Future population > Females: UN estimates of female population in 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030.
Fertility > Number of maternal deaths: Number of maternal deaths. Maternal mortality deaths is the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Total: School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 > Total: This entry is derived from People > Unemployment, youth ages 15-24, which gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year.
Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total per thousand people: Number of people aged 80 years and older. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Marriage, divorce and children > Teen marriage rate > Women: Percentage of female population aged 15-19 who has been married at least once. Percentage is out of total number of females in the same age group.
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 > Female: This entry is derived from People > Unemployment, youth ages 15-24, which gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year.
Gender > Male population per thousand people: Total male population. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Definition: This entry is derived from People > Literacy, which includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world.
Marriage, divorce and children > Childless women, aged 40-44: Proportion of women who have not given birth by age 40-44.
Marriage, divorce and children > Years spent single before marriage > Females: Singulate mean age at marriage.
Number of infant deaths: Number of infant deaths. Number of infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Number of under-five deaths: Number of under-five deaths. Number of children dying before reaching age five.
GDP per capita > Current US$: GDP per capita (current US$). GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Cities > Urban population per thousand people: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Density and urbanisation > Urban population: Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanisation Prospects.
Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total per thousand people: Number of people 65 years old and older. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Infant mortality rate > Female: This entry is derived from People > Infant mortality rate, which gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Age structure > 15-64 years > From total: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Gender ratio > Babies: Female/male ratio at birth.
Urban population per 1000: Urban population is the midyear population of areas defined as urban in each country and reported to the United Nations. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Urban and rural > Male urban population: Total number of males living in urban areas by country.
Urban and rural > Female urban population: Total number of females living in urban areas by country.
Urban and rural > Male rural population: Total number of males living in rural areas by country.
Median age > Both sexes: Age of person who is older than half the population and younger than the other half of the population.
Age structure > 0-14 years > Males: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Males: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Housing > Owner occupier households: Number of households owned by one or several members of the household.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Total: School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.
Infant mortality rate > Male: This entry is derived from People > Infant mortality rate, which gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Literacy > Male: This entry is derived from People > Literacy, which includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world.
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 > Male: This entry is derived from People > Unemployment, youth ages 15-24, which gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year.
Sanitation facility access > Improved > Total: This entry is derived from People > Sanitation facility access > Improved, which provides information about access to improved or unimproved sanitation facilities available to segments of the population of a country. improved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine; pit latrine with slab; or a composting toilet. unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; pit latrine without a slab or open pit; bucket; hanging toilet or hanging latrine; shared facilities of any type; no facilities; or bush or field.
Number of infant deaths per 1000: Number of infant deaths. Number of infants dying before reaching one year of age. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Total Population per capita: Total Population, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gender ratio > Urban population: Female/male ratio of urban population.
Age structure > 0-14 years > Males per 1000: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Age structure > 65 years and over > From total: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Gender ratio > Aged over 80 > Women per 100 men: Female/male ratio at age x.
Gender ratio > Aged over 60 > Women per 100 men: Female/male ratio at age x.
Religions: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below.
Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. Its guiding focus is to encourage the unity of all peoples on the earth so that justice and peace may be achieved on earth. Baha'i revelation contends the prophets of major world religions reflect some truth or element of the divine, believes all were manifestations of God given to specific communities in specific times, and that Baha'u'llah is an additional prophet meant to call all humankind. Bahais are an open community, located worldwide, with the greatest concentration of believers in South Asia.
Buddhism - Religion or philosophy inspired by the 5th century B.C. teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Gautama Buddha "the enlightened one"). Buddhism focuses on the goal of spiritual enlightenment centered on an understanding of Gautama Buddha's Four Noble Truths on the nature of suffering, and on the Eightfold Path of spiritual and moral practice, to break the cycle of suffering of which we are a part. Buddhism ascribes to a karmic system of rebirth. Several schools and sects of Buddhism exist, differing often on the nature of the Buddha, the extent to which enlightenment can be achieved - for one or for all, and by whom - religious orders or laity.
Basic Groupings
   Theravada Buddhism: The oldest Buddhist school, Theravada is practiced mostly in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, and Thailand, with minority representation elsewhere in Asia and the West. Theravadans follow the Pali Canon of Buddha's teachings, and believe that one may escape the cycle of rebirth, worldly attachment, and suffering for oneself; this process may take one or several lifetimes.
   Mahayana Buddhism, including subsets Zen and Tibetan (Lamaistic) Buddhism: Forms of Mahayana Buddhism are common in East Asia and Tibet, and parts of the West. Mahayanas have additional scriptures beyond the Pali Canon and believe the Buddha is eternal and still teaching. Unlike Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana schools maintain the Buddha-nature is present in all beings and all will ultimately achieve enlightenment.
    Hoa Hao: a minority tradition of Buddhism practiced in Vietnam that stresses lay participation, primarily by peasant farmers; it eschews ...
Full definition
Urban population > Per capita: Urban population is the midyear population of areas defined as urban in each country and reported to the United Nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Mortality rate, adult, male > Per 1,000 male adults: Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults). Adult mortality rate is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates between those ages.
Immigration > Visa overstay rate > Australia: Modified Non-Return Rate.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Male: School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.
Median age > Male: This entry is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Uganda and Gaza Strip to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a higher median age.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female: This entry is derived from People > School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary , which school life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.
Marriage, divorce and children > Teen marriage rate > Men: Percentage of male population aged 15-19 who has been married at least once. Percentage is out of total number of males in the same age group.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Female: School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.
Density and urbanisation > Rural population: Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.
Urban and rural population > Rural gender ratio: Women per 100 men, rural population.
Urban and rural population > Urban gender ratio: Women per 100 men amongst urban population.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Females: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Age structure > 0-14 years > From total: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Females per 1000: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Age structure > 15-64 years > Females per 1000: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Female population > Age 15-19: Female population - Age 15-19, as of April 26, 2005
Median age > Female: This entry is derived from People > Median age, which is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Uganda and Gaza Strip to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a higher median age.
Cities > Rate of urbanization: Urbanization rate.
Sanitation facility access > Improved > Urban: This entry is derived from People > Sanitation facility access > Improved, which provides information about access to improved or unimproved sanitation facilities available to segments of the population of a country. improved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine; pit latrine with slab; or a composting toilet. unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; pit latrine without a slab or open pit; bucket; hanging toilet or hanging latrine; shared facilities of any type; no facilities; or bush or field.
Migration > Refugee population by country or territory of origin > Per capita: Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organisation of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant." Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Gender > Women aged 15-49 per thousand people: Country's total population of women aged 15-49. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Fertility > Mortality rate, under-5, male > Per 1,000 live births: Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births). Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000)
Future population > Males per thousand people: UN estimates of male population in 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Immigration > Visas > Visa requirements for > British citizens: Visa requirement.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
International migrant stock, total: International migrant stock, total. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.
International migrant stock, total per 1000: International migrant stock, total. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Fertility > Lifetime risk of maternal death > 1 in: rate varies by country: Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country). Life time risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15-year-old female will die eventually from a maternal cause assuming that current levels of fertility and mortality (including maternal mortality) do not change in the future, taking into account competing causes of death.
Widows > Proportion of age group > All > Men > Aged 30 to 39: Percent widowed in age group.
Age structure > 0-14 years > Females: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Males per 1000: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Immigration > Nationality compositions of > Canada: Country of birth of Canadian residents (number of residents).
Total Population > Female: Total Population - Female, as of April 26, 2005
Migration > International migrant stock > Total: International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data."
Marriage, divorce and children > Years spent single before marriage > Males: Singulate mean age at marriage.
Future population > Females per thousand people: UN estimates of female population in 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Gender > Gender ratio aged over 65: Amount of women per every 100 males that are over the age of 65 in each country. For instance, in Russia, for every 100 males over 65, there are 210.6 females who are over 65.
Gender > Gender ratio aged over 80: Amount of women per every 100 males that are over the age of 80 in each country. For instance, in North Korea, for every 100 males over 80, there are 411.8 females who are over 80.
Gender ratio > Aged over 60: Female/male ratio at age x.
Female population > Age 30-34 per 1000: Female population - Age 30-34, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Total population > Age 15-19 per 1000: Total population - Age 15-19, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Female population > Age 15-19 per 1000: Female population - Age 15-19, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Male population > Age 25-29: Male population - Age 25-29, as of April 26, 2005
Female population > Age 25-29: Female population - Age 25-29, as of April 26, 2005
Total population > Age 10-14 per 1000: Total population - Age 10-14, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Male population > Age 15-19 per 1000: Male population - Age 15-19, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Female population > Age 10-14 per 1000: Female population - Age 10-14, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Total population > Age 65-69: Total population - Age 65-69, as of April 26, 2005
Urban population > % of total: Urban population (% of total). Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects.
Female population > Age 10-14 > % of the total: Female population - Age 10-14 - % of the total, as of April 26, 2005
Population ages 15-64 > % of total: Population ages 15 to 64 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 15 to 64.
Total population > Age 30-34: Total population - Age 30-34, as of April 26, 2005
Total population > Age 10-14 > % of the total: Total population - Age 10-14 - % of the total, as of April 26, 2005
Density and urbanisation > Urban population > % of total: Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanisation Prospects.
Density and urbanisation > Urban population growth > Annual %: Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanisation Prospects.
Structure > Population ages 65 and above > % of total: Population ages 65 and above as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.
Structure > Population > Female > % of total: Female population is the percentage of the population that is female. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.
Total population > Age 60-64 > % of the total: Total population - Age 60-64 - % of the total, as of April 26, 2005
Female population > Age 75-79 per 1000: Female population - Age 75-79, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Immigration > Visas > Visa requirements for > Austrian citizens > Length of stay permitted: Length of stay permitted.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Immigration > Visas > Visa requirements for > Australian citizens > Conditions of access: Visa requirement.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Age structure > 0-14 years > Females per 1000: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Women > Contraceptive prevalence %: People - Women - Contraceptive prevalence (%) 1995-2002
Total population > Age 55-59: Total population - Age 55-59, as of April 26, 2005
Total population > Age 20-24 per 1000: Total population - Age 20-24, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Total population > Age 35-39: Total population - Age 35-39, as of April 26, 2005
Female population > Age 40-44: Female population - Age 40-44, as of April 26, 2005
Male population > Age 15-19: Male population - Age 15-19, as of April 26, 2005
Age structure > 15-64 years > Males per 1000: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Male population > Age 20-24 per 1000: Male population - Age 20-24, as of April 26, 2005. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Urban and rural > Female urban population per thousand people: Total number of females living in urban areas by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Population growth > Annual %: Annual population growth rate. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.
Male population > Age 35-39: Male population - Age 35-39, as of April 26, 2005
Labor participation rate, male > % of male population ages 15+: Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+). Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Housing > Rural owner occupier households per thousand people: Number of rural households owned by one or several members of the household. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Total population > Age 10-14: Total population - Age 10-14, as of April 26, 2005
Total population > Age 15-19: Total population - Age 15-19, as of April 26, 2005
Rural population growth > Annual %: Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population.
Total population > Age 20-24 > % of the total: Total population - Age 20-24 - % of the total, as of April 26, 2005
Total population > Age 15-19 > % of the total: Total population - Age 15-19 - % of the total, as of April 26, 2005
Age structure > 15-64 years > Males: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Age structure > 15-64 years > Females: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Population ages 0-14 > % of total: Population ages 0 to 14 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 0 to 14.
Urban population growth > Annual %: Urban population is the midyear population of areas defined as urban in each country and reported to the United Nations.
Female population > Age 55-59 > % of the total: Female population - Age 55-59 - % of the total, as of April 26, 2005

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STAT	Canada	Tonga
Age distribution > Median age	46.92 years Ranked 79th. 19% more than Tonga	39.49 years Ranked 160th.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-14	15.3% Ranked 112th.	18.65% Ranked 36th. 22% more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total	7.78 million Ranked 47th. 205 times more than Tonga	37,909 Ranked 186th.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent	10.62% Ranked 113th.	12.35% Ranked 45th. 16% more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total	5.4 million Ranked 47th. 215 times more than Tonga	25,100 Ranked 186th.
Age distribution > Total dependency ratio	81.08% Ranked 67th. 29% more than Tonga	62.72% Ranked 137th.
Birth rate	10.28 births/1,000 population Ranked 187th.	24.12 births/1,000 population Ranked 65th. 2 times more than Canada
Death rate	8.2 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 92nd. 68% more than Tonga	4.87 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 189th.
Ethnic groups	British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%	Polynesian, Europeans
Gender > Female population	25.47 million Ranked 47th. 253 times more than Tonga	100,611 Ranked 187th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people	2.11 Ranked 37th. 92% more than Tonga	1.1 Ranked 66th.
Population	34.57 million Ranked 37th. 325 times more than Tonga	106,322 Ranked 190th.
Population > Population growth, past and future	0.019 Ranked 71st.	0.459 Ranked 27th. 24 times more than Canada
Population growth	0.019% Ranked 71st.	0.459% Ranked 27th. 24 times more than Canada
Population growth rate	0.77% Ranked 137th. 6 times more than Tonga	0.14% Ranked 181st.
Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent	35.03% Ranked 74th. 36% more than Tonga	25.79% Ranked 152nd.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total	28.1 million Ranked 48th. 225 times more than Tonga	124,898 Ranked 187th.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total	2.55 million Ranked 48th. 200 times more than Tonga	12,760 Ranked 186th.
Obesity > Adult obesity rate	26.2% Ranked 47th.	57.6% Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 15-59	49.67% Ranked 126th.	55.56% Ranked 56th. 12% more than Canada
Population in 2015	35,051 thousand Ranked 40th. 337 times more than Tonga	104 thousand Ranked 191st.
Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	7.2 Ranked 112th. 18% more than Tonga	6.1 Ranked 145th.
Total fertility rate	1.59 children born/woman Ranked 177th.	3.46 children born/woman Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent	29.48% Ranked 71st. 48% more than Tonga	19.89% Ranked 151st.
Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.44 Ranked 162nd.	0.72 Ranked 62nd. 64% more than Canada
Age structure > 0-14 years	15.5% Ranked 195th.	36.2% Ranked 53th. 2 times more than Canada
Gender > Male population	25.41 million Ranked 46th. 248 times more than Tonga	102,622 Ranked 187th.
Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total	17.83 million Ranked 33th. 340 times more than Tonga	52,409 Ranked 190th.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-64	55.23% Ranked 130th.	61.46% Ranked 60th. 11% more than Canada
Age structure > 65 years and over	16.8% Ranked 33th. 3 times more than Tonga	6.2% Ranked 121st.
Nationality > Noun	Canadian(s)	Tongan(s)
Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio	53.37% Ranked 68th. 65% more than Tonga	32.37% Ranked 151st.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent	5.01% Ranked 115th.	6.28% Ranked 34th. 25% more than Canada
Physicians density	2.07 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Tonga	0.56 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 36th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces	70,226 Ranked 15th. 638 times more than Tonga	110 Ranked 91st.
Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total	15 million Ranked 32nd. 371 times more than Tonga	40,426 Ranked 190th.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total	25.27 million Ranked 47th. 224 times more than Tonga	112,915 Ranked 187th.
Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total	6.8 million Ranked 28th. 516 times more than Tonga	13,175 Ranked 192nd.
Cities > Urban population	85,136 Ranked 49th. 79% more than Tonga	47,444 Ranked 185th.
Nationality > Adjective	Canadian	Tongan
Sex ratio > Total population	0.99 male(s)/female Ranked 117th.	1.01 male(s)/female Ranked 58th. 2% more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent	10.29% Ranked 110th.	12.37% Ranked 37th. 20% more than Canada
Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 71st. 3% more than Tonga	1.03 male(s)/female Ranked 179th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages	147,288 Ranked 19th. 218 times more than Tonga	677 Ranked 97th.
Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent	13.36% Ranked 60th. 2 times more than Tonga	6.48% Ranked 140th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people	4.42 Ranked 71st.	6.75 Ranked 24th. 53% more than Canada
Gender > Sex ratio at birth	1.06 Ranked 51st. 1% more than Tonga	1.05 Ranked 92nd.
Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Total	5.24 million Ranked 47th. 208 times more than Tonga	25,149 Ranked 186th.
Migration > Net migration rate	5.62 migrant(s)/1,000 populati Ranked 21st.	0.0 Ranked 92nd.
Future population change	9,600.4 Ranked 50th. 10 times more than Tonga	923.2 Ranked 64th.
Urban population	25.87 million Ranked 26th. 1054 times more than Tonga	24,554.64 Ranked 192nd.
Migration > Net migration > Per capita	33,706.96 per 1 million people Ranked 13th.	-77,860.641 per 1 million people Ranked 177th.
Median age > Total	41.5 years Ranked 26th. 90% more than Tonga	21.8 years Ranked 173th.
Life expectancy at birth > Total population	81.57 years Ranked 14th. 8% more than Tonga	75.6 years Ranked 88th.
Urban and rural > Urban population	27.15 million Ranked 13th. 1147 times more than Tonga	23,658 Ranked 94th.
Marriage > Years being single before marriage > Women	26.6 Ranked 7th. 4% more than Tonga	25.6 Ranked 9th.
Age structure > 15-64 years	68.1% Ranked 72nd. 19% more than Tonga	57.1% Ranked 185th.
Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 51st. The same as Tonga	99% Ranked 36th.
Dependency ratios > Youth dependency ratio	24% Ranked 160th.	65.4% Ranked 50th. 3 times more than Canada
Marriage > Years being single before marriage > Men	28.6 Ranked 7th. 2% more than Tonga	28 Ranked 8th.
Age distribution > Child dependency ratio	27.7% Ranked 73th.	30.35% Ranked 31st. 10% more than Canada
Gender > Women aged 15-49	9.48 million Ranked 49th. 218 times more than Tonga	43,553 Ranked 186th.
Percentage living in urban areas	80% Ranked 44th. 2 times more than Tonga	33% Ranked 163th.
Migration > Net migration	1.09 million Ranked 6th.	-7,966 Ranked 101st.
Marriage > Minimum legal age > With parental consent > For Women	16	16
Population > CIA Factbook	33.21 million Ranked 37th. 279 times more than Tonga	119,009 Ranked 187th.
Teenage pregancy rate	12.54 Ranked 154th.	22.39 Ranked 121st. 79% more than Canada
Population density	3.66 Ranked 189th.	143.84 Ranked 59th. 39 times more than Canada
Sex ratio > Under 15 years	1.05 male(s)/female Ranked 100th. 2% more than Tonga	1.03 male(s)/female Ranked 155th.
Percentage living in rural areas.	20% Ranked 158th.	67% Ranked 37th. 3 times more than Canada
Infant mortality rate > Total	4.78 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 181st.	12.78 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 127th. 3 times more than Canada
Age structure > 25-54 years	41.4% Ranked 101st. 25% more than Tonga	33% Ranked 181st.
Urban and rural > Rural population	6.33 million Ranked 26th. 81 times more than Tonga	78,333 Ranked 90th.
Age structure > 15-24 years	12.9% Ranked 183th.	19.2% Ranked 81st. 49% more than Canada
Gender > Gender inequality index	0.119 Ranked 128th.	0.462 Ranked 58th. 4 times more than Canada
Urban and rural > Urban population per thousand people	787.24 Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Tonga	232.82 Ranked 83th.
Rural population	6.43 million Ranked 66th. 83 times more than Tonga	77,756.36 Ranked 170th.
Migration > Refugee population by country or territory of origin	99 Ranked 126th. 20 times more than Tonga	5 Ranked 169th.
Fertility > Fertility rate, total > Births per woman	1.63 Ranked 159th.	3.86 Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Canada
Age structure > 55-64 years	13.3% Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Tonga	5.4% Ranked 149th.
Marriage > Minimum legal age > Without parental consent > For Women	18 Ranked 122nd. The same as Tonga	18 Ranked 54th.
Gender > Female population per thousand people	504 Ranked 90th. 1% more than Tonga	499.18 Ranked 122nd.
Future population > Males	19.37 million Ranked 40th. 325 times more than Tonga	59,586 Ranked 190th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Total	17 years Ranked 16th. 21% more than Tonga	14 years Ranked 63th.
Fertility > Birth rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	11 Ranked 166th.	26.64 Ranked 58th. 2 times more than Canada
Sex ratio > 15-64 years	1.02 Ranked 78th. 1% more than Tonga	1.01 Ranked 84th.
Dependency ratios > Total dependency ratio	46.3% Ranked 144th.	75.7% Ranked 44th. 63% more than Canada
Population density > People per sq. km of land area	3.79 sq. km Ranked 203th.	145.21 sq. km Ranked 67th. 38 times more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total per thousand people	693.72 Ranked 38th. 22% more than Tonga	566.62 Ranked 149th.
Drinking water source > Improved > Total	100% of population Ranked 7th. The same as Tonga	100% of population Ranked 32nd.
Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total per thousand people	134.63 Ranked 161st.	185.31 Ranked 100th. 38% more than Canada
Marriage > Percent married > All > Female > Aged 15-19	2.9% Ranked 8th.	5% Ranked 6th. 72% more than Canada
Life expectancy at birth > Female	84.31 years Ranked 14th. 9% more than Tonga	77.09 years Ranked 113th.
Hospital bed density	3.2 beds/1,000 population Ranked 32nd. 23% more than Tonga	2.6 beds/1,000 population Ranked 40th.
Dependency ratios > Potential support ratio	4.5 Ranked 167th.	9.7 Ranked 115th. 2 times more than Canada
Births > Teen motherhood rate	4% Ranked 14th. Twice as much as Tonga	2% Ranked 3rd.
Urban and rural > Rural population per thousand people	183.55 Ranked 61st.	770.87 Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Canada
Urbanization	79 Ranked 41st. 2 times more than Tonga	33 Ranked 164th.
Dependency ratios > Elderly dependency ratio	22.2% Ranked 30th. 2 times more than Tonga	10.3% Ranked 82nd.
Sex ratio > 65 years and over	0.79 male(s)/female Ranked 120th.	0.86 male(s)/female Ranked 61st. 9% more than Canada
Fertility > Mortality rate, infant > Per 1,000 live births	4.7 Ranked 156th.	11.1 Ranked 125th. 2 times more than Canada
Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total per thousand people	199.28 Ranked 31st. 2 times more than Tonga	79.96 Ranked 97th.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total per thousand people	164.72 Ranked 162nd.	374.74 Ranked 53th. 2 times more than Canada
Population, total	34.88 million Ranked 38th. 332 times more than Tonga	104,941 Ranked 189th.
Gender ratio > Whole population	101.9% Ranked 92nd. 6% more than Tonga	96.4% Ranked 171st.
Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 9th.	99.1% Ranked 1st. About the same as Canada
Life expectancy at birth > Male	78.98 years Ranked 15th. 6% more than Tonga	74.16 years Ranked 72nd.
Net migration	1.1 million Ranked 4th.	-8,078 Ranked 95th.
Marriage > Percent married > All > Male > Aged 15-19	0.9% Ranked 6th.	1.7% Ranked 4th. 89% more than Canada
Maternal mortality rate	12 deaths/100,000 live births Ranked 150th.	110 deaths/100,000 live births Ranked 64th. 9 times more than Canada
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Total	None	None
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Male	None	None
Urban and rural > Female rural population	3.11 million Ranked 21st. 81 times more than Tonga	38,421 Ranked 79th.
Population > CIA Factbook per capita	0.997 Ranked 99th.	1.16 Ranked 13th. 16% more than Canada
Sanitation facility access > Unimproved > Rural	1% of population Ranked 155th.	4% of population Ranked 133th. 4 times more than Canada
Fertility > Adolescent fertility rate > Births per 1,000 women ages 15-19	14.35 Ranked 147th.	18.95 Ranked 133th. 32% more than Canada
Languages	English (official) 58.8%, French (official) 21.6%, other 19.6%	Tongan (official), English (official)
Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total per thousand people	635.99 Ranked 59th. 17% more than Tonga	545.29 Ranked 150th.
Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total per thousand people	55.12 Ranked 160th.	132.54 Ranked 52nd. 2 times more than Canada
Rural population per 1000	198.92 Ranked 154th.	770.17 Ranked 24th. 4 times more than Canada
Marriage, divorce and children > Minimum legal marrying age > With parental consent > For Women	16	16
Future population > Females	19.74 million Ranked 41st. 354 times more than Tonga	55,702 Ranked 191st.
Fertility > Number of maternal deaths	46 Ranked 110th. 15 times more than Tonga	3 Ranked 158th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Total	17 years Ranked 16th. 21% more than Tonga	14 years Ranked 63th.
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 > Total	14.1% Ranked 86th. 18% more than Tonga	11.9% Ranked 92nd.
Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total per thousand people	39.26 Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Tonga	12.74 Ranked 83th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Teen marriage rate > Women	3.1 Ranked 11th.	4.4 Ranked 10th. 42% more than Canada
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 > Female	12.3% Ranked 49th.	15.1% Ranked 3rd. 23% more than Canada
Gender > Male population per thousand people	495.99 Ranked 106th.	500.82 Ranked 67th. 1% more than Canada
Literacy > Definition	age 15 and over can read and write	can read and write Tongan and/or English
Marriage, divorce and children > Childless women, aged 40-44	16% Ranked 3rd. 60% more than Tonga	10% Ranked 2nd.
Marriage, divorce and children > Years spent single before marriage > Females	26.8 years Ranked 5th. 5% more than Tonga	25.5 years Ranked 5th.
Education expenditures	5% of GDP Ranked 47th. 28% more than Tonga	3.9% of GDP Ranked 4th.
Number of infant deaths	2,000 Ranked 110th.	0.0 Ranked 147th.
Number of under-five deaths	2,000 Ranked 112th.	0.0 Ranked 151st.
GDP per capita > Current US$	$52,218.99 Ranked 9th. 12 times more than Tonga	$4,493.72 Ranked 96th.
Cities > Urban population per thousand people	2.34e-06 Ranked 165th.	0.000224 Ranked 42nd. 96 times more than Canada
Density and urbanisation > Urban population	27.16 million Ranked 24th. 1043 times more than Tonga	26,033.34 Ranked 191st.
Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total per thousand people	141.56 Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than Tonga	58.64 Ranked 94th.
Urbanization > Rate of urbanization	None	None
Infant mortality rate > Female	4.43 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 178th.	12.34 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 116th. 3 times more than Canada
Age structure > 15-64 years > From total	68.8% Ranked 48th. 11% more than Tonga	62% Ranked 142nd.
Gender ratio > Babies	94.8% Ranked 133th. 2% more than Tonga	93% Ranked 183th.
Urban population per 1000	800.68 Ranked 35th. 3 times more than Tonga	243.21 Ranked 166th.
Urban and rural > Male urban population	13.19 million Ranked 9th. 1112 times more than Tonga	11,860 Ranked 83th.
Urban and rural > Female urban population	13.96 million Ranked 9th. 1183 times more than Tonga	11,798 Ranked 83th.
Urban and rural > Male rural population	3.22 million Ranked 21st. 81 times more than Tonga	39,912 Ranked 79th.
Median age > Both sexes	40.7 Ranked 23th. 79% more than Tonga	22.7 Ranked 149th.
Age structure > 0-14 years > Males	2.78 million Ranked 58th. 136 times more than Tonga	20,484 Ranked 187th.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Males	2.15 million Ranked 21st. 1007 times more than Tonga	2,135 Ranked 197th.
Housing > Owner occupier households	131,750 Ranked 12th. 10 times more than Tonga	12,643 Ranked 6th.
Urbanization > Urban population	None	None
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Total	17 years Ranked 15th. 21% more than Tonga	14 years Ranked 57th.
Infant mortality rate > Male	5.11 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 182nd.	13.2 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 130th. 3 times more than Canada
Literacy > Male	99% Ranked 59th. The same as Tonga	99% Ranked 45th.
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 > Male	15.9% Ranked 66th. 61% more than Tonga	9.9% Ranked 98th.
Sanitation facility access > Improved > Total	100% of population Ranked 6th. 4% more than Tonga	96% of population Ranked 27th.
Number of infant deaths per 1000	0.0573 Ranked 119th.	0.0 Ranked 147th.
Total Population per capita	1.02 Ranked 73th.	1.14 Ranked 18th. 11% more than Canada
Gender ratio > Urban population	106.2% Ranked 29th. 4% more than Tonga	102% Ranked 22nd.
Age structure > 0-14 years > Males per 1000	83.45 Ranked 167th.	198.98 Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Canada
Age structure > 65 years and over > From total	14.9% Ranked 32nd. 3 times more than Tonga	4.3% Ranked 132nd.
Gender ratio > Aged over 80 > Women per 100 men	184.4 Ranked 61st. 13% more than Tonga	163.6 Ranked 88th.
Gender ratio > Aged over 60 > Women per 100 men	122.7 Ranked 95th. 3% more than Tonga	119.1 Ranked 116th.
Religions	Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16%	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Urban population > Per capita	0.801 per capita Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Tonga	0.24 per capita Ranked 171st.
Mortality rate, adult, male > Per 1,000 male adults	91.76 Ranked 173th.	172.59 Ranked 101st. 88% more than Canada
Immigration > Visa overstay rate > Australia	0.66 Ranked 115th.	2.88 Ranked 38th. 4 times more than Canada
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Male	17 years Ranked 10th. 21% more than Tonga	14 years Ranked 60th.
Median age > Male	40.2 years Ranked 24th. 89% more than Tonga	21.3 years Ranked 175th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female	17 years Ranked 1st. 21% more than Tonga	14 years Ranked 13th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Teen marriage rate > Men	1.3 Ranked 8th. 8% more than Tonga	1.2 Ranked 9th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary education > Female	17 years Ranked 1st. 21% more than Tonga	14 years Ranked 3rd.
Density and urbanisation > Rural population	6.58 million Ranked 62nd. 84 times more than Tonga	77,933.66 Ranked 165th.
Urban and rural population > Rural gender ratio	96 Ranked 49th.	97.4 Ranked 18th. 1% more than Canada
Urban and rural population > Urban gender ratio	106.2 Ranked 29th. 4% more than Tonga	102 Ranked 22nd.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Females	2.79 million Ranked 21st. 945 times more than Tonga	2,950 Ranked 197th.
Age structure > 0-14 years > From total	16.3% Ranked 190th.	33.7% Ranked 78th. 2 times more than Canada
Age structure > 65 years and over > Females per 1000	83.71 Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Tonga	28.66 Ranked 109th.
Age structure > 15-64 years > Females per 1000	339.18 Ranked 57th.	360.46 Ranked 23th. 6% more than Canada
Female population > Age 15-19	1.06 million Ranked 48th. 142 times more than Tonga	7,480 Ranked 188th.
Median age > Female	42.7 years Ranked 30th. 92% more than Tonga	22.2 years Ranked 170th.
Cities > Rate of urbanization	1% Ranked 154th.	1.6% Ranked 117th. 60% more than Canada
Sanitation facility access > Improved > Urban	100% of population Ranked 45th. 2% more than Tonga	98% of population Ranked 58th.
Migration > Refugee population by country or territory of origin > Per capita	3.04 per 1 million people Ranked 160th.	58.82 per 1 million people Ranked 115th. 19 times more than Canada
Gender > Women aged 15-49 per thousand people	243.26 Ranked 121st. 1% more than Tonga	240.69 Ranked 134th.
Fertility > Mortality rate, under-5, male > Per 1,000 live births	5.7 Ranked 159th.	14.2 Ranked 123th. 2 times more than Canada
Future population > Males per thousand people	490.06 Ranked 107th.	499.65 Ranked 75th. 2% more than Canada
Immigration > Visas > Visa requirements for > British citizens	Visa not required	Visa on arrival
International migrant stock, total	7.2 million Ranked 6th. 8493 times more than Tonga	848 Ranked 206th.
International migrant stock, total per 1000	211.05 Ranked 32nd. 26 times more than Tonga	8.15 Ranked 169th.
Fertility > Lifetime risk of maternal death > 1 in: rate varies by country	5,200 Ranked 34th. 23 times more than Tonga	230 Ranked 120th.
Widows > Proportion of age group > All > Men > Aged 30 to 39	0.1% Ranked 11th.	0.5% Ranked 5th. 5 times more than Canada
Age structure > 0-14 years > Females	2.64 million Ranked 61st. 135 times more than Tonga	19,633 Ranked 186th.
Age structure > 65 years and over > Males per 1000	64.56 Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Tonga	20.74 Ranked 120th.
Immigration > Nationality compositions of > Canada	24.79 million Ranked 1st. 309859 times more than Tonga	80 Ranked 192nd.
Total Population > Female	16.74 million Ranked 35th. 291 times more than Tonga	57,552 Ranked 190th.
Migration > International migrant stock > Total	6.3 million Ranked 7th. 5420 times more than Tonga	1,163 Ranked 197th.
Marriage, divorce and children > Years spent single before marriage > Males	29.6 years Ranked 4th. 6% more than Tonga	28 years Ranked 6th.
Future population > Females per thousand people	498.95 Ranked 103th. 4% more than Tonga	479.1 Ranked 163th.
Gender > Gender ratio aged over 65	130.3 Ranked 87th. 9% more than Tonga	119.8 Ranked 134th.
Gender > Gender ratio aged over 80	184.4 Ranked 61st. 13% more than Tonga	163.6 Ranked 88th.
Gender ratio > Aged over 60	122.7% Ranked 95th. 3% more than Tonga	119.1% Ranked 116th.
Female population > Age 30-34 per 1000	34.44 Ranked 120th.	38.91 Ranked 57th. 13% more than Canada
Total population > Age 15-19 per 1000	67.44 Ranked 164th.	150.53 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Canada
Female population > Age 15-19 per 1000	32.91 Ranked 164th.	74.09 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Canada
Male population > Age 25-29	1.12 million Ranked 44th. 214 times more than Tonga	5,233 Ranked 190th.
Female population > Age 25-29	1.08 million Ranked 44th. 221 times more than Tonga	4,902 Ranked 190th.
Total population > Age 10-14 per 1000	66.25 Ranked 156th.	141.26 Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Canada
Male population > Age 15-19 per 1000	34.53 Ranked 165th.	76.45 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Canada
Female population > Age 10-14 per 1000	32.28 Ranked 158th.	69.3 Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Canada
Total population > Age 65-69	1.24 million Ranked 26th. 630 times more than Tonga	1,964 Ranked 195th.
Urban population > % of total	80.77% Ranked 45th. 3 times more than Tonga	23.56% Ranked 189th.
Female population > Age 10-14 > % of the total	3.15 Ranked 179th.	6.1 Ranked 47th. 94% more than Canada
Population ages 15-64 > % of total	69.26% Ranked 23th. 19% more than Tonga	58.09% Ranked 121st.
Total population > Age 30-34	2.25 million Ranked 37th. 270 times more than Tonga	8,355 Ranked 191st.
Total population > Age 10-14 > % of the total	6.47 Ranked 179th.	12.44 Ranked 42nd. 92% more than Canada
Density and urbanisation > Urban population > % of total	80.1% Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Tonga	24% Ranked 177th.
Density and urbanisation > Urban population growth > Annual %	1.4% Ranked 126th.	1.43% Ranked 120th. 2% more than Canada
Structure > Population ages 65 and above > % of total	13.85% Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than Tonga	5.84% Ranked 88th.
Structure > Population > Female > % of total	50.48% Ranked 83th. 2% more than Tonga	49.36% Ranked 151st.
Total population > Age 60-64 > % of the total	4.88 Ranked 38th. 2 times more than Tonga	2.01 Ranked 138th.
Female population > Age 75-79 per 1000	15.42 Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Tonga	5.19 Ranked 111th.
Immigration > Visas > Visa requirements for > Austrian citizens > Length of stay permitted	6 months	31 days
Immigration > Visas > Visa requirements for > Australian citizens > Conditions of access	visa-free	visa-free
Age structure > 0-14 years > Females per 1000	79.37 Ranked 167th.	190.71 Ranked 54th. 2 times more than Canada
Women > Contraceptive prevalence %	75 Ranked 24th. 83% more than Tonga	41 Ranked 107th.
Total population > Age 55-59	2.11 million Ranked 25th. 852 times more than Tonga	2,480 Ranked 201st.
Total population > Age 20-24 per 1000	68.09 Ranked 162nd.	113.79 Ranked 16th. 67% more than Canada
Total population > Age 35-39	2.42 million Ranked 32nd. 302 times more than Tonga	8,034 Ranked 191st.
Female population > Age 40-44	1.37 million Ranked 28th. 512 times more than Tonga	2,672 Ranked 203th.
Male population > Age 15-19	1.12 million Ranked 48th. 145 times more than Tonga	7,718 Ranked 188th.
Age structure > 15-64 years > Males per 1000	346.58 Ranked 46th.	356.48 Ranked 31st. 3% more than Canada
Male population > Age 20-24 per 1000	34.67 Ranked 161st.	57.95 Ranked 16th. 67% more than Canada
Urban and rural > Female urban population per thousand people	404.74 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Tonga	116.1 Ranked 75th.
Population growth > Annual %	0.96% Ranked 123th. 3 times more than Tonga	0.32% Ranked 160th.
Male population > Age 35-39	1.22 million Ranked 34th. 294 times more than Tonga	4,145 Ranked 189th.
Labor participation rate, male > % of male population ages 15+	71.2% Ranked 118th.	74.8% Ranked 96th. 5% more than Canada
Housing > Rural owner occupier households per thousand people	2.23 Ranked 12th.	99.23 Ranked 2nd. 45 times more than Canada
Total population > Age 10-14	2.14 million Ranked 51st. 150 times more than Tonga	14,262 Ranked 189th.
Total population > Age 15-19	2.18 million Ranked 48th. 143 times more than Tonga	15,198 Ranked 188th.
Rural population growth > Annual %	0.26% Ranked 103th. 2 times more than Tonga	0.11% Ranked 115th.
Total population > Age 20-24 > % of the total	6.65 Ranked 187th.	10.02 Ranked 40th. 51% more than Canada
Total population > Age 15-19 > % of the total	6.58 Ranked 190th.	13.25 Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Canada
Age structure > 15-64 years > Males	11.55 million Ranked 34th. 315 times more than Tonga	36,699 Ranked 187th.
Age structure > 15-64 years > Females	11.3 million Ranked 34th. 305 times more than Tonga	37,108 Ranked 190th.
Population ages 0-14 > % of total	17.6% Ranked 153th.	35.91% Ranked 70th. 2 times more than Canada
Urban population growth > Annual %	1.14% Ranked 135th. 15% more than Tonga	0.99% Ranked 144th.
Female population > Age 55-59 > % of the total	3.23 Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Tonga	1.31 Ranked 151st.

SOURCES: United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: http://esa.un.org/unpp; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects 2008.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision, Data Tables and Highlights. Estimates and projections of urban and rural populations are made by the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat and published every two years. These estimates and projections are based on national census or survey data that have been evaluated and, whenever necessary, adjusted for deficiencies and inconsistencies; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects.; Food and Agriculture Organisation and World Bank population estimates.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistical Yearbook and data files, complemented by statistics on Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the UNRWA as published on its website. Data from UNHCR are available online at: www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase.; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Repot (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Source tables, Population projections.; Food and Agriculture Organization; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a22, Percent ever married or in union among persons aged 15-19; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision, Data Tables and Highlights (ESA/P/WP.173, 20 March 2002); Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990-2010. Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank.; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank Staff estimates based on United Nations, World Urbanisation Prospects.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2177.html, median age; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center Spanish Statistical Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm, (2) University of California, Berkeley, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Human Mortality Database. [ www.mortality.org or www.humanmortality.de].; Wikipedia: Visa policy of Australia (Modified Non-Return Rate) (Modified Non-Return Rate Quarterly Report Ending at 30 June 2013, ); The data on urban population shares used to estimate rural population come from the United Nations, World Urbanisation Prospects. Total population figures are World Bank estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center; Wikipedia: Urbanization by country (Countries) ([1] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs); United Nations Population Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Source tables, Population projections. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Visa requirements for British citizens (Visa requirements); United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-557/T404-eng.cfm?Lang=E&T=404&GH=4&GF=1&SC=1&S=1&O=D; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center Spanish Statistical Institute; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; United Nations, World Urbanisation Prospects.; World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International.; United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm.; Wikipedia: Visa requirements for Austrian citizens (Africa); Wikipedia: Visa requirements for Australian citizens (Africa); UNICEF; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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