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Compare key data on European Union & Turkey

Definitions

  • Economy > GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
  • Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Economy > GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
  • Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
  • Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
  • Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
  • Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
  • Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
  • Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
  • Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
  • Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
  • People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
  • People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
  • Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
  • Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
  • Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
  • Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
  • Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
  • Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
  • Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
  • Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
  • People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
  • Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km: Agricultural land (sq. km). Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
  • Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
  • Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita: Electric power consumption (kWh per capita). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
  • Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
  • Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita: Arable land (hectares per person). Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
  • Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
  • Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
  • Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area: Road density is the ratio of the length of the country's total road network to the country's land area. The road network includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads."
  • Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
  • Education > Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Education > Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh: Electric power consumption (kWh). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
  • Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare: Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded."
  • Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
  • Education > High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
  • Crime > Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
  • Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
  • Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
  • Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
  • Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
  • Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
  • Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
  • Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
  • Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
  • Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
  • Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
  • Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included.
  • Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
  • Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
  • Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
  • Media > Internet > Users per 1000: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
  • Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
  • Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
  • Energy > Electricity production > KWh: Electricity production (kWh). Electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. In addition to hydropower, coal, oil, gas, and nuclear power generation, it covers generation by geothermal, solar, wind, and tide and wave energy, as well as that from combustible renewables and waste. Production includes the output of electricity plants that are designed to produce electricity only as well as that of combined heat and power plants.
  • Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita: Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
  • People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
  • Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
  • Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000: Fixed broadband Internet subscribers. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers are the number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technology. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$: Agriculture, value added (current US$), including forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
  • Transport > Waterways: The total length and individual names of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
  • Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
  • Labor > Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
  • Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
  • Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
  • Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
  • Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users (per 100 people). Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
  • Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter: Pump price for gasoline (US$ per liter). Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of gasoline. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
  • Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
  • Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
  • Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
  • Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction contains the emissions from combustion of fuels in industry. The IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 2 includes these emissions. However, in the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the IPCC category also includes emissions from industry autoproducers that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers). Manufacturing industries and construction also includes emissions from coke inputs into blast furnaces, which may be reported either in the transformation sector, the industry sector or the separate IPCC Source/Sink Category 2, Industrial Processes.
  • Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people: Motor vehicles include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Population refers to midyear population in the year for which data are available."
  • Industry > Manufacturing growth: Annual growth rate for manufacturing value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
  • Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
  • Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries: Length of land boundaries by border country
  • Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people: Passenger cars refer to road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people (including the driver)."
  • Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
  • People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
  • Industry > Growth: Annual growth rate for industrial value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
  • Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
  • People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
  • Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
  • Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$: Industry, value added (current US$). Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Economy > Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
  • Geography > Irrigated land: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
  • Labor > GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Military > Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
  • Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh: Electricity production from renewable sources (kWh). Electricity production from renewable sources includes hydropower, geothermal, solar, tides, wind, biomass, and biofuels.
  • Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000: Telephone lines. Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels ands fixed wireless subscribers are included. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
  • Labor > Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
  • Education > Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
  • Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
  • Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
STAT European Union Turkey HISTORY
Economy > GDP $16.63 trillion
Ranked 1st. 21 times more than Turkey
$789.26 billion
Ranked 18th.

Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita $29,405.51
Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Turkey
$13,284.34
Ranked 66th.

Economy > GDP per capita $32,676.48
Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Turkey
$10,666.06
Ranked 58th.

Geography > Area > Comparative less than one-half the size of the US slightly larger than Texas
Geography > Area > Total 4.32 million sq km
Ranked 13th. 6 times more than Turkey
783,562 sq km
Ranked 38th.

Geography > Climate cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Geography > Land area > Sq. km 4.18 million sq km
Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Turkey
769,630 sq km
Ranked 35th.

Government > Constitution none 7 November 1982; amended several times
Government > Judicial branch Court of Justice of the European Union (ensures that the treaties are interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputed issues among the EU institutions, issues opinions on questions of EU law referred by member state courts) - 27 judges (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term; note - the court can sit in chambers, in a "Grand Chamber" of 13 judges, or as the full court; General Court (a court below the Court of Justice) - 27 judges appointed for a six-year term Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
Government > Legal system unique supranational law system in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, "the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU law include fundamental rights as guaranteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's states civil law system based on various European legal systems notably the Swiss civil code(ECHR), although Turkey claims limited derogations on the ratified European Convention on Human Rights
Government > Legislative branch two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (27 member-state ministers having 345 votes; the number of votes is roughly proportional to member-states' population) and the European Parliament (736 seats; seats allocated among member states in proportion to population; members elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term); note - the Council is the main decision-making body of the EU, although the Commission proposes most EU legislative acts unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi
Government > Suffrage voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state at 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
People > Birth rate 9.83 births/1,000 population
Ranked 1st.
17.22 births/1,000 population
Ranked 110th. 75% more than European Union

People > Population 509.04 million
Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Turkey
80.69 million
Ranked 17th.

Religion > Religions Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 13.16
Ranked 104th.
27.75
Ranked 49th. 2 times more than European Union

Industry > Manufacturing output 2.09 trillion
Ranked 1st. 21 times more than Turkey
98.13 billion
Ranked 15th.

Government > Political parties and leaders Confederal Group of the European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Lothar BISKY]; Europe of Freedom and Democracy Group or EFD [Nigel FARAGE and Francesco SPERONI]; European Conservatives and Reformists Group or ECR [Michael KAMINSKI]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Rebecca HARMS and Daniel COHN-BENDIT]; Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT]; Group of the European People's Party or EPP [Joseph DAUL]; Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament or S&D [Martin SCHULZ] Democratic Left Party or DSP [Masum TURKER]<br />Democratic Party or DP [Namik Kemal ZEYBEK]<br />Equality and Democracy Party or EDP [Ziva HALIS]<br />Felicity Party or SP [Mustafa KAMALAK] (sometimes translated as Contentment Party)<br />Freedom and Solidarity Party or ODP [Alper TAS]<br />Grand Unity Party or BBP [Yalcin TOPCU]<br />Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN]<br />Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]<br />Peace and Democracy Party or BDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS]<br />Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU]<br />Turkey Party or TP [Abdullatif SENER]<br />
Economy > Economy > Overview Internally, the EU is attempting to lower trade barriers, adopt a common currency, and move toward convergence of living standards. Internationally, the EU aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic power. Because of the great differences in per capita income among member states (from $7,000 to $69,000) and historic national animosities, the EU faces difficulties in devising and enforcing common policies. For example, since 2003 Germany and France have flouted the member states' treaty obligation to prevent their national budgets from running more than a 3% deficit. In 2004 and 2007, the EU admitted 10 and two countries, respectively, that are, in general, less advanced technologically and economically than the other 15. Eleven established EU member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later), but the UK, Sweden, and Denmark chose not to participate. Of the 12 most recent member states, only Slovenia (1 January 2007) and Cyprus and Malta (1 January 2008) have adopted the euro; the remaining nine are legally required to adopt the currency upon meeting EU's fiscal and monetary convergence criteria. Turkey's largely free-market economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. An aggressive privatization program has reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication, and an emerging cadre of middle-class entrepreneurs is adding dynamism to the economy and expanding production beyond the traditional textiles and clothing sectors. The automotive, construction, and electronics industries, are rising in importance and have surpassed textiles within Turkey's export mix. Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Several gas pipelines projects also are moving forward to help transport Central Asian gas to Europe through Turkey, which over the long term will help address Turkey's dependence on imported oil and gas to meet 97% of its energy needs. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth - averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis and GDP rebounded strongly to 9.2% in 2010, as exports returned to normal levels following the recession. Growth dropped to approximately 3% in 2012. Turkey's public sector debt to GDP ratio has fallen to about 40%, and at least one rating agency upgraded Turkey's debt to investment grade in 2012. Turkey remains dependent on often volatile, short-term investment to finance its large trade deficit. The stock value of FDI stood at $117 billion at year-end 2012. Inflows have slowed because of continuing economic turmoil in Europe, the source of much of Turkey's FDI. Turkey's relatively high current account deficit, uncertainty related to monetary policy-making, and political turmoil within Turkey's neighborhood leave the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet European Commission (composed of 27 members, one from each member country; each commissioner responsible for one or more policy areas) Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister
Economy > GDP > Per capita $29,423.40 per capita
Ranked 29th. 2 times more than Turkey
$12,998.66 per capita
Ranked 31st.

Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita 5,827.59 kWh per capita
Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Turkey
2,755.49 kWh per capita
Ranked 12th.

People > Death rate 10.33 deaths/1,000 population
Ranked 1st. 69% more than Turkey
6.11 deaths/1,000 population
Ranked 160th.

Geography > Natural resources iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita $4,483.21
Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Turkey
$1,658.75
Ranked 12th.

Energy > Electricity > Consumption 2.86 trillion kWh
Ranked 2nd. 17 times more than Turkey
170.4 billion kWh
Ranked 12th.

People > Population growth rate 0.098%
Ranked 1st.
1.16%
Ranked 100th. 12 times more than European Union

Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita 1,019.8 per 1,000 people
Ranked 15th. 17% more than Turkey
870.96 per 1,000 people
Ranked 55th.

Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km 1.88 million sq. km
Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Turkey
382,470 sq. km
Ranked 31st.

Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years 80.18
Ranked 29th. 8% more than Turkey
74.54
Ranked 78th.

Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita 6,094.05
Ranked 33th. 2 times more than Turkey
2,709.26
Ranked 67th.

Military > War deaths 0.0
Ranked 102nd.
580
Ranked 13th.

Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita 0.213
Ranked 71st.
0.281
Ranked 43th. 32% more than European Union

Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices 1.8%
Ranked 121st.
8.9%
Ranked 34th. 5 times more than European Union

Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 11.29
Ranked 73th.
21.76
Ranked 9th. 93% more than European Union

Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ $2.27 trillion
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than Turkey
$122.74 billion
Ranked 8th.

Language > Languages Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian; <i>note:</i> there is also a substantial Gagauz population in the European part of Turkey
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area 121.79
Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Turkey
54.5
Ranked 22nd.

Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index 30.4
Ranked 15th.
40.2
Ranked 12th. 32% more than European Union

Education > Primary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 70th. 20% more than Turkey
5
Ranked 174th.

Education > Secondary education, duration > Years 6.5
Ranked 84th.
7
Ranked 77th. 8% more than European Union

Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh 3.09 trillion
Ranked 3rd. 16 times more than Turkey
197.94 billion
Ranked 20th.

Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita 27.68 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Turkey
9.51 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl
Ranked 44th.

Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare 5,257.12
Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Turkey
2,601.2
Ranked 85th.

Geography > Terrain fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the central and southern areas high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges
Education > High school enrolment rate 98.87
Ranked 17th. 4% more than Turkey
94.86
Ranked 51st.

Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population 78.82 years
Ranked 1st. 9% more than Turkey
72.5 years
Ranked 122nd.

Crime > Murders > Per 100,000 people 1.71
Ranked 101st.
6.9
Ranked 59th. 4 times more than European Union
Geography > Location Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Labor > Labor force > By occupation agriculture 4.5%, industry 27.4%, services 66.9%; <i>note:</i> the remainder is in miscellaneous public and private sector industries and services agriculture 35.9%, industry 22.8%, services 41.2% (3rd quarter, 2004)
Labor > Unemployment rate 9.5%
Ranked 32nd.
12.4%
Ranked 18th. 31% more than European Union

Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000 4.16
Ranked 78th. 4% more than Turkey
3.98
Ranked 72nd.

People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people 9.61
Ranked 53th. 68% more than Turkey
5.73
Ranked 157th.

Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita 755.65 per 1,000 people
Ranked 39th. 2 times more than Turkey
347.66 per 1,000 people
Ranked 75th.

Geography > Coastline 65,992.9 km
Ranked 5th. 9 times more than Turkey
7,200 km
Ranked 19th.

Labor > Labor force 225.4 million
Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than Turkey
24.73 million
Ranked 23th.

Environment > Current issues NA water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic
Energy > Oil > Consumption 13.63 million bbl/day
Ranked 2nd. 24 times more than Turkey
579,500 bbl/day
Ranked 25th.

Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years 83.09
Ranked 27th. 6% more than Turkey
78.09
Ranked 67th.

Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita 4.8 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl
Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than Turkey
0.601 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl
Ranked 86th.

People > Total fertility rate 1.51 children born/woman
Ranked 1st.
2.1 children born/woman
Ranked 110th. 39% more than European Union

Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years 77.42
Ranked 34th. 9% more than Turkey
71.16
Ranked 83th.

Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address same as above PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people 125.5
Ranked 45th. 38% more than Turkey
90.84
Ranked 124th.

Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity $14.90 trillion
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Turkey
$1.11 trillion
Ranked 16th.

Government > Capital city > Name Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg Ankara
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates (Brussels) 50 50 N, 4 20 E 39 56 N, 32 52 E
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons 1,495.27
Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Turkey
121.23
Ranked 21st.

Government > International organization participation ARF (dialogue member), ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-8, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer) ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Media > Internet > Users per 1000 494.84
Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Turkey
191.62
Ranked 67th.

People > Age structure > 0-14 years 15.44%
Ranked 3rd.
25.9%
Ranked 113th. 68% more than European Union

Transport > Airports 3,383
Ranked 3rd. 35 times more than Turkey
98
Ranked 58th.

Geography > Area > Comparative to US places less than one-half the size of the US slightly larger than Texas
Energy > Electricity production > KWh 3.26 trillion
Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Turkey
239.5 billion
Ranked 12th.

Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita 3,322.82
Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Turkey
1,563.59
Ranked 35th.

People > Age structure > 65 years and over 17.33%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Turkey
6.6%
Ranked 114th.

Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry 25%
Ranked 85th.
28.1%
Ranked 93th. 12% more than European Union

Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000 270.75
Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Turkey
106.2
Ranked 71st.

Crime > Murders > WHO 1.96
Ranked 130th.
2.9
Ranked 113th. 48% more than European Union
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$ $252.49 billion
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Turkey
$62.74 billion
Ranked 7th.

Transport > Waterways 52,332 km
Ranked 3rd. 44 times more than Turkey
1,200 km
Ranked 44th.

Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry 27.7%
Ranked 7th. 12% more than Turkey
24.7%
Ranked 14th.
Labor > Labor force, total 250.03 million
Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than Turkey
27.05 million
Ranked 22nd.

Health > Infant mortality rate > Total 5.61 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 1st.
23.94 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranked 82nd. 4 times more than European Union

Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point Mont Blanc 4,807 m; note - situated on the border between France and Italy Mount Ararat 5,166 m
Agriculture > Products wheat, barley, oilseeds, sugar beets, wine, grapes; dairy products, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry; fish tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulse, citrus; livestock
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people 75.28
Ranked 34th. 67% more than Turkey
45.13
Ranked 93th.

Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita 5,700.06 kWh
Ranked 26th. 2 times more than Turkey
2,815.38 kWh
Ranked 11th.

Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter $1.92
Ranked 27th.
$2.54
Ranked 1st. 33% more than European Union

Geography > Total area > Sq. km 4.33 million
Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Turkey
783,560
Ranked 35th.

Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture 5.6%
Ranked 13th.
29.5%
Ranked 14th. 5 times more than European Union
Energy > Electricity > Production 3.06 trillion kWh
Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Turkey
217.7 billion kWh
Ranked 18th.

Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita 10.14 km per 1,000 people
Ranked 5th. 74% more than Turkey
5.82 km per 1,000 people
Ranked 32nd.
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons 550.61
Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than Turkey
53.92
Ranked 23th.

Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people 551.9
Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than Turkey
130.66
Ranked 70th.

Industry > Manufacturing growth -14.3
Ranked 98th. 2 times more than Turkey
-6.98
Ranked 76th.

Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services 66.7%
Ranked 8th. 46% more than Turkey
45.8%
Ranked 36th.
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries Albania 282 km, Andorra 120.3 km, Belarus 1,050 km, Croatia 999 km, Holy See 3.2 km, Liechtenstein 34.9 km, Macedonia 394 km, Moldova 450 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Norway 2,348 km, Russia 2,257 km, San Marino 39 km, Serbia 945 km, Switzerland 1,811 km, Turkey 446 km, Ukraine 1,257 km Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people 486.97
Ranked 14th. 6 times more than Turkey
87.6
Ranked 70th.

Media > Radio broadcast stations AM 930, FM 13,655, shortwave 71 (1998); note - sum of individual country radio broadcast stations; there is also a European-wide station (Euroradio) AM 16, FM 107, shortwave 6
People > Sex ratio > Total population 0.92 male(s)/female
Ranked 1st.
1.02 male(s)/female
Ranked 52nd. 11% more than European Union

Industry > Growth -10.9
Ranked 106th. 30% more than Turkey
-8.4
Ranked 98th.

Government > Executive branch > Elections the president of the European Commission is designated by member governments and is confirmed by the European Parliament; working from member state recommendations, the Commission president then assembles a "college" of Commission members; the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a five-year term; the last confirmation process was held 18 November 2004 (next to be held in 2009) president elected directly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament
People > Sex ratio > At birth 1.06 male(s)/female
Ranked 1st. 1% more than Turkey
1.05 male(s)/female
Ranked 146th.

Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ $12.44 trillion
Ranked 1st. 24 times more than Turkey
$512.62 billion
Ranked 9th.

Economy > Tourist arrivals 371.04 million
Ranked 1st. 15 times more than Turkey
24.99 million
Ranked 9th.

Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$ $3.63 trillion
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than Turkey
$186.95 billion
Ranked 10th.

Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$ $463.27 billion
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than Turkey
$25.02 billion
Ranked 10th.

Economy > Tax > Tax rates 35.43
Ranked 28th. 57% more than Turkey
22.55
Ranked 58th.

Geography > Irrigated land 131,250 sq km
Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Turkey
53,400 sq km
Ranked 1st.

Labor > GNI > Current US$ $16.69 trillion
Ranked 1st. 21 times more than Turkey
$782.28 billion
Ranked 18th.

Military > Armed forces personnel > Total 2.4 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Turkey
613,000
Ranked 8th.

Media > Internet > Users > Per capita 507.56 per 1,000 people
Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Turkey
180.3 per 1,000 people
Ranked 71st.

Economy > GDP per person 32,838.17
Ranked 24th. 4 times more than Turkey
8,214.89
Ranked 53th.

Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh 675.83 billion
Ranked 2nd. 10 times more than Turkey
65.21 billion
Ranked 10th.

Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000 449.05
Ranked 24th. 2 times more than Turkey
187.3
Ranked 89th.

Geography > Natural hazards flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
Labor > Employment rate > Adults 50.43
Ranked 128th. 19% more than Turkey
42.3
Ranked 158th.

Government > Flag description a blue field with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle in the center; blue represents the sky of the Western world, the stars are the peoples of Europe in a circle, a symbol of unity; the number of stars is fixed red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for the Turks, as well as being traditional symbols of Islam; according to legend, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors
Economy > Central bank discount rate 1.75%
Ranked 85th.
5.25%
Ranked 21st. 3 times more than European Union

Education > Secondary education, pupils 41.54 million
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Turkey
7.97 million
Ranked 9th.

Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita 520.84 per 1,000 people
Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Turkey
258.76 per 1,000 people
Ranked 48th.

Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services 73.2%
Ranked 17th. 16% more than Turkey
63%
Ranked 70th.

Media > Internet users > Per 100 people 61.79
Ranked 29th. 80% more than Turkey
34.37
Ranked 63th.

Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita 6,231.32 kWh per capita
Ranked 38th. 2 times more than Turkey
2,759.66 kWh per capita
Ranked 12th.

SOURCES: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; Food and Agriculture Organisation, electronic files and web site.; World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Food and Agriculture Organization; Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency; Uppsala Conflict Data Program, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/.; Food and Agriculture Organization; World Bank national accounts data; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and electronic files, except where noted.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Tourism Organisation, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organisation.; World Bank national accounts data

United Nations Statistics Division
; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ).; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and data files.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; IEA; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.

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