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Crime Stats: compare key data on Japan & Jordan

Definitions

  • Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
  • Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
  • Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
  • Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
  • Police officers: Number of police officers per 100,000 population.
  • Rape rate: Number of rape incidents per 100,000 citizens in different countries. Figures do not take into account rape incidents that go unreported to the police.
  • Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
  • Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes per million people: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Kidnappings: Number of kidnappings recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • International Court of Justice > Current composition > Term End: Date term of judges of different nationality in the International Court of Justice will come to an end.
  • Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
  • Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Serious assault rate: Number of major assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
  • Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
  • Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole: Minimum to serve before eligibility for requesting parole.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted: Worries being insulted. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being insulted or pestered by anybody, while in the street or any other public place?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed: Worries being mugged or robbed. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being mugged and robbed?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Serious assaults: Number of major assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Prisoners per 1000: Total persons incarcerated. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Prosecution rate: Number of people prosecuted.
  • Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence: Mandatory sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Drug related crime: Number of drug related crimes recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter: Worries home broken and things stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How worried are you about....having your home broken into and something stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prisoners > Female: Female prisoners, expressed as a percentage share of the total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21: Under age of 18 (or 21).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Punishment > Has life imprisonment: Life imprisonment.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Executions: Number of known executions in the country (Data is for 2007). Because these figures include only documented cases; the true figures are likely to be higher in many countries.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen: Worries things from car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having things stolen from your car?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Punishment > Has indefinite sentence: Indefinite sentence (excl. preventive or psychiatric detainment).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen: Worries car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having your car stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prison staff: Number of correction staff in adult prisons per 100,000 population.
  • Jails: Total number of adult prisons, penal or correctional institutions (excluding temporary jail lock-ups). Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
  • Prisoners > Foreign prisoners: Prisoners who are foreign nationals, expressed as a percentage share of total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled: The percentage of the offical prison capacity filled. This is obtained by comparing the number of prisoners in a nation to the offical capacity of the nation's prison system. Data for 2003.
  • Executions per million: Number of known executions in the country (Data is for 2007). Because these figures include only documented cases; the true figures are likely to be higher in many countries. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Prosecution rate per million: Number of people prosecuted. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Jails per million: Total number of adult prisons, penal or correctional institutions (excluding temporary jail lock-ups). Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees: The percentage of the prison population that is being held pre-trial / on remand. Data for 2003.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002.
  • Prosecutions > Adults per 1000: Number of people prosecuted. Prosecutions are cases that made it to court, regardless of the verdict. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Prosecutions > Adults: Number of people prosecuted. Prosecutions are cases that made it to court, regardless of the verdict.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Prosecutions > Juveniles: Number of juveniles who were prosecuted in the given year. Prosecutions are cases that made it to court, regardless of the verdict.
  • Prosecutions > Juveniles per million: Number of juveniles who were prosecuted in the given year. Prosecutions are cases that made it to court, regardless of the verdict. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
STAT Japan Jordan HISTORY
Assault rate 51
Ranked 56th.
273.1
Ranked 28th. 5 times more than Japan
Crime levels 12.8
Ranked 18th.
38.64
Ranked 54th. 3 times more than Japan
Drugs > Annual cannabis use 0.1%
Ranked 7th.
2.1%
Ranked 2nd. 21 times more than Japan
Drugs > Opiates use 0.1%
Ranked 8th.
0.2%
Ranked 15th. Twice as much as Japan
Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year) 2,013
Ranked 13th. About the same as Jordan
2,006
Ranked 25th.
Murder rate 1.02 1.9
Police officers 199.8
Ranked 23th. 72% more than Jordan
115.9
Ranked 29th.
Rape rate 1
Ranked 52nd.
2
Ranked 75th. Twice as much as Japan

Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents 0.6
Ranked 158th.
11.5
Ranked 56th. 19 times more than Japan
Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate 0.35
Ranked 44th.
1.74
Ranked 74th. 5 times more than Japan

Violent crime > Murder rate 506
Ranked 45th. 5 times more than Jordan
100
Ranked 75th.

Violent crime > Murder rate per million people 3.97
Ranked 111th.
18.06
Ranked 85th. 5 times more than Japan

Violent crime > Murders per million people 3.97
Ranked 111th.
18.06
Ranked 85th. 5 times more than Japan

Violent crime > Rapes 1,289
Ranked 18th. 12 times more than Jordan
110
Ranked 69th.

Violent crime > Rapes per million people 10.11
Ranked 52nd.
19.87
Ranked 74th. 96% more than Japan

Violent crime > Murders 506
Ranked 45th. 5 times more than Jordan
100
Ranked 75th.

Robberies 4
Ranked 63th.
14
Ranked 57th. 4 times more than Japan
Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years 47.56
Ranked 16th.
72.73
Ranked 25th. 53% more than Japan
Fear of crime > Violent hate crime 23.72
Ranked 13th.
37.9
Ranked 18th. 60% more than Japan
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night 87.8
Ranked 1st. 49% more than Jordan
59.09
Ranked 33th.
Kidnappings 0.15
Ranked 46th.
0.59
Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Japan
International Court of Justice > Current composition > Term End 2012 2018
Prisoners 69,502 prisoners
Ranked 19th. 12 times more than Jordan
5,589 prisoners
Ranked 93th.
Assaults 51
Ranked 41st.
273.1
Ranked 18th. 5 times more than Japan
Punishment > Maximum length of sentence None None
Auto theft 28.3
Ranked 46th.
42.4
Ranked 41st. 50% more than Japan
Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery 13.75
Ranked 18th.
40.32
Ranked 40th. 3 times more than Japan
Murders > WHO 0.5
Ranked 180th.
1.2
Ranked 152nd. 2 times more than Japan
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day 90.24
Ranked 2nd. 12% more than Jordan
80.47
Ranked 45th.

Serious assault rate 26.7
Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than Jordan
11.5
Ranked 44th.
United States extradition treaties > Entered into force March 26, 1980 July 29, 1995
Prisoners > Per capita 54 per 100,000 people
Ranked 126th.
106 per 100,000 people
Ranked 85th. 96% more than Japan
Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence Death sentence due to foreign aggression Drug trafficking
Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked 15.79
Ranked 17th.
46.09
Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Japan
Software piracy rate 23%
Ranked 103th.
60%
Ranked 56th. 3 times more than Japan
Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft 18.13
Ranked 18th.
51.61
Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Japan
Perceived problems > Illegal drugs 14.37
Ranked 18th.
42.74
Ranked 53th. 3 times more than Japan
Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery 27.14
Ranked 16th.
81.48
Ranked 28th. 3 times more than Japan
Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole 10 years or never Never
Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted 24.38
Ranked 14th.
46.09
Ranked 30th. 89% more than Japan
Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed 11.88
Ranked 18th.
45.31
Ranked 46th. 4 times more than Japan
Serious assaults 26.7
Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Jordan
11.5
Ranked 31st.
Prisoners per 1000 0.545 prisoners
Ranked 129th.
1.11 prisoners
Ranked 83th. 2 times more than Japan
Prosecution rate 141
Ranked 32nd.
3,109
Ranked 4th. 22 times more than Japan
Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence Varies by prefecture (Murder) Murder, terrorism, espionage
Drug related crime 17
Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Jordan
5
Ranked 60th.
Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter 16.25
Ranked 18th.
47.66
Ranked 41st. 3 times more than Japan
Prisoners > Female 5.7%
Ranked 33th. 4 times more than Jordan
1.6%
Ranked 122nd.
Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21 Yes Yes
Punishment > Has life imprisonment Yes Yes
Executions 9 executions
Ranked 16th. The same as Jordan
9 executions
Ranked 15th.
Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen 14.74
Ranked 18th.
62.07
Ranked 29th. 4 times more than Japan
Punishment > Has indefinite sentence Yes No
Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen 11.25
Ranked 18th.
58.06
Ranked 17th. 5 times more than Japan
Prison staff 12.8%
Ranked 48th.
45.4%
Ranked 33th. 4 times more than Japan

Jails 181
Ranked 16th. 18 times more than Jordan
10
Ranked 64th.
Prisoners > Foreign prisoners 6.5%
Ranked 42nd.
22.1%
Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Japan
Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled 106.5%
Ranked 84th. 33% more than Jordan
80.1%
Ranked 114th.
Executions per million 0.0704 executions
Ranked 31st.
1.59 executions
Ranked 9th. 23 times more than Japan
Prosecution rate per million 1.1
Ranked 37th.
561.6
Ranked 8th. 509 times more than Japan
Jails per million 1.42
Ranked 73th.
1.98
Ranked 66th. 40% more than Japan
Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees 17.3%
Ranked 115th.
41.8%
Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Japan
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines 0.0
Ranked 123th.
2.9
Ranked 99th.
Prosecutions > Adults per 1000 1.4
Ranked 33th. 2 times more than Jordan
0.562
Ranked 41st.
Prosecutions > Adults 178,689
Ranked 6th. 57 times more than Jordan
3,109
Ranked 42nd.
United States extradition treaties > Date signed March 3, 1978<br>August 5, 2003 March 28, 1995
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million 0.0
Ranked 121st.
0.576
Ranked 74th.
Prosecutions > Juveniles 1,351
Ranked 24th.
3,109
Ranked 18th. 2 times more than Japan
Prosecutions > Juveniles per million 10.57
Ranked 40th.
561.6
Ranked 11th. 53 times more than Japan

SOURCES: European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; crime; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); UN Crime Stats; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; Various sources compiled into Wikipedia's: International Court of Justice; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); World Health Organisation.; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Amnesty International; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Amnesty International. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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