Government > Leaders Stats: compare key data on Japan & Tonga

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STAT	Japan	Tonga	HISTORY
Head of state	Emperor Akihito	King George Tupou VI
Head of state > Profile	<p>Akihito succeeded his father, Hirohito, in 1989. Under the 1947 constitution, Japan&#039;s emperors have a purely ceremonial role. </p>	<p>George Tupou VI succeeded to the throne on the death of his elder brother, the bachelor George Tupou V, in March 2012. </p> <p>The new King was Tonga&#039;s High Commissioner (ambassador) to Australia from 2008, having served as prime minister in 2000-2006. He quit as prime minister in the face of violent pro-democracy protests in February 2006, and was succeeded by Tonga&#039;s first non-royal and non-aristocratic head of government, Feleti Sevele.</p> <p>The late King George Tupou V ushered in parliamentary democracy in 2010, ending centuries of feudal dominance of government.</p>
Prime minister	Shinzo Abe	Lord Tu&#039;ivakano
Prime minister > Profile	<p>Shinzo Abe became Japan&#039;s prime minister for the second time in December 2012, after his Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) scored a landslide election win.</p><p>He previously served a brief term as premier in 2006-7, when he was Japan&#039;s youngest leader since World War II.</p> <p>He began his first term in office with a high approval rating, but a series of scandals and gaffes damaged the government, and with support for his administration plummeting, Mr Abe stepped down, citing ill health.</p> <p>The centre-left Democratic Party (DPJ) came to power in August 2009 - having also won a landslide election - but quickly lost popularity as a result of a mounting financial crisis. The DPJ government also struggled to cope with the aftermath of the March 2011 tsunami, and was in its turn beset by a series of scandals.</p> <p>By the autumn of 2012, faced with a &quot;fiscal cliff&quot; brought on by the country&#039;s public debt mountain - the highest debt to GDP ratio in the industrialised world - and the crippling after-effects of the nuclear crisis triggered by the tsunami, the DPJ had no choice but to call an early election.</p> <p>On returning to the premiership in 2012, Mr Abe acknowledged the widely held perception that the LDP&#039;s sweeping victory owed a lot to anger at DPJ failures, and was not necessarily a statement of confidence in the conservative party that had previously ruled Japan almost continuously for half a century.</p> <p>Known as a right-wing hawk, Mr Abe comes from a high-profile political family. His father was a former foreign minister, while his grandfather, former Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi, was arrested as a suspected war criminal after World War II but never charged.</p> <p>Shinzo Abe won his first seat in parliament in 1993 and was appointed to the cabinet for the first time in October 2005, when he was given the important role of chief cabinet secretary.</p> <p>During his first premiership, he showed himself to be an outspoken populist, pushing for a more assertive foreign policy and a greater role for Japan on the world stage.</p> <p>Under his administration, a bill was passed setting out steps for holding a referendum on revising the country&#039;s pacifist constitution.</p> <p>He also called for a greater sense of national pride and backed a law requiring the teaching of patriotism in schools.</p> <p>He provoked anger in China and South Korea when he said there was no evidence that women were forced to become sex slaves by the Japanese army during World War II. He later apologised for these remarks.</p> <p>After standing down from the premiership in September 2007, he temporarily disappeared from the political spotlight. He returned to the political stage in September 2012 with his election as LDP leader, and soon expressed strong views on the ongoing territorial rows with China and South Korea.</p> <p>The main challenge that he faces is the state of the economy. His decision to weaken the yen seemed to reap dividends when exports rose 10.1% in May 2013 - the fastest annual rate since 2010. </p> <p>He went on to win control of the upper house of parliament in July, seeing this as an endorsement of his economic and foreign policy.</p>	<p>Lord Tu&#039;ivakano became the country&#039;s first prime minister to be elected by parliament rather than appointed by the king in December 2010. </p> <p>Tu&#039;ivakano, a former speaker of Parliament, won 14 votes - two more than pro-democracy leader Akalisi Pohiva - in the ballot among the 26 members of the Tongan house of representatives. </p> <p>Tu&#039;ivakano, the minister for education and training in the former government, replaced Feleti Seveli. </p> <p>Under Tonga&#039;s new constitution, voters directly elected 17 seats in parliament, while nine were reserved for nobles. </p> <p>Previously, the tiny Pacific kingdom was run by a parliament dominated by a clique of nobles selected by the king, who also chose the prime minister and cabinet. </p> <p>The swing towards democracy followed riots in the capital Nuku&#039;alofa in 2006, which claimed eight lives and destroyed much of the business centre as people protested against the slow pace of political reform. </p>
Prime minister > Summary	Mr Abe&#039;s nationalist positions have in the past angered Japan&#039;s neighbours	Lord Tu&#039;ivakano is a former speaker of Parliament

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