Science as we know it arose in the 17th century, at the time of Copernicus, Kepler, Descartes, Galileo, Bacon and Newton.
What the new science did was to propose models of the world that fitted with observed physical data and could be checked by further observations.
In 1623, Galileo asserted that science is concerned only with primary qualities, those qualities of the external world that could be weighed and measured.